Geschichte mit Gemeinschaftskunde IB History HL, Zusammenfassungen von Geschichte mit Gemeinschaftskunde

Nur auf Docsity: Lade Geschichte mit Gemeinschaftskunde IB History HL und mehr Zusammenfassungen als PDF für Geschichte mit Gemeinschaftskunde herunter! Compare and Contrast the Effects of WWI and WWII Political: WWI As leader of a successful Bolshevik coup in Russia (in 1917), Lenin encouraged socialist groups to rise up against their governments and seize power. Many of the war-waery people of Europe were ready to listen. In Germany there were one million workers on strike by January 1918. In Britain, the red flag was flown over Glasgow Town Hall and there was talk of revolution in south Wales. Socilasit regimes appeared briefly in Hungary and Bavaria. Fear of revolution was a powerful force in interwar politics. It gave a boost to the right wing parties and helped bring to power Fascist regimes in Italy and Germany. The collective fall of the German, Austro-Hunagrian, Ottoman and Russian Empires led to a rise of republic and a triumph of republicanism like never before. WWII In the immediate post-war years the sorry state of the European economy and the apparent popularity of left wing ideologies (thus) had an uncomfortable similarity to the events of the previous decade. These events were coupled with the expansion of soviet influence in eastern Europe rapidly transformed the American image of a post-war order based on co-operative security arrangements with all the victors to one that emphisised the difference between the US and Western Europe, on the one hand, and the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe on the other. The ideological struggles for the soul of Europe which had developed after 1917 and which took violent form in the 1930s and early 1940s now assumed a new rigid shape as a Soviet dominated, communist eastern Europe faced an American-led liberal-democratic western Europe - a division which came to seem increasingly final and immovable as time went on. Conclusion After both wars the populations longed for change. An apparent popularity of left-wing ideologies were present. Both world wars also led Europe being divided, in WWI to the victors and defeated and in WWII to eastern and western Europe. However, unlike WWII, post-WWI there had been a collective fall of Empires and autocracy, replaced by small state republics. Territorial: WWI When the peacemakers gathered in Paris in January 1919 to construct a peace settlement, the political map of Europe as it had existed in August 1914 had been swept away. In the course of war, or soon after, four empires collapsed - the Russian Empire, the Habsburg Empire, the German Second Reich and the Ottoman Empire. At the end of the war, there was a power vacuum in central and eastern Europe. Instead of three powerful, conservative empires competing against each other in the area, there were a number of small states trying to establish themselves politically and economically. The new Europe was thus deeply divided. There was a split between victors and vanquished, which stood out most obviously in the treatment of Germany as not merely a defeated enemy but as an outcast, held responsible for the war and disarmed. There was also the linked division between the revolutionist countries, which wanted to change the settlement reached in 1919-21 and those who wanted to maintain it. The war saw the start of the decline in colonialism, as countries like France and Britain found it increasingly difficult to deal with international disputes as the war encouraged the movement for independence in the colonies in Africa and Asia . WWII From 1870 to 1945, Europe had been at the centre of the world's events. From 1945 there was a real shift of emphasis. World power now lay with the two ‘superpowers’: the USA and the USSR. Both were larger, with more people, and clearly richer than any European country could ever be. Germany was split into four zones and the US created the Marshall Plan to rebuild Germany. 1945 was also a dramatic turning point in the history of the nations of western Europe. After 1945 a new dynamic power appeared: European unity. The war changed everything. East of Elbe, the soviets and their local representatives inherited a sub-continent where a radical break with the past had already taken place. What was not entirely discredited was irretrievably damaged. Furthermore, after WWII there was decolonisation in areas such as Palestine, Egypt, Indochina, Albania and many more. Conclusion Similarly: ● decline in colonialism ● Europe split into two/ deeply divided ● US gained power Different: ● Two superpowers created ● Germany divided into four with different reas of influence