Download Christian Perspective: Human Rights, Life, and Earth Stewardship and more Study notes Religion in PDF only on Docsity! 1 SECTION 1 TEST (page 19 of Religion and Society Revision Guide) MARK SCHEME FOR QUESTION 1 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 1a) What is the Golden Rule? (2 marks) The teaching of Jesus that you should treat others as you would like them to treat you. A correct definition 2 marks 1b) Do you think you are your brother’s keeper? Give two reasons for Yes I do because of the story of Cain and Abel in Genesis 4. A personal response with one brief reason 1 mark your point of view. (4 marks) Yes I do because of the story of Cain and Abel in Genesis 4. Also St John says: ‘We should love one another.’ A personal response with two brief reasons 2 marks Yes I do because of the story of Cain and Abel in Genesis 4. When God asks Cain where his brother is, Cain replies, ‘I don’t know. Am I my brother’s keeper?’ God then punishes Cain, showing that God created humans to be their brothers’ keepers. A personal response with one developed reason 2 marks Yes I do because of the story of Cain and Abel in Genesis 4. When God asks Cain where his brother is, Cain replies, ‘I don’t know. Am I my brother’s keeper?’ God then punishes Cain, showing that God created humans to be their brothers’ keepers. Also St John says: ‘We should love one another.’ A personal response with two reasons with one developed 3 marks Yes I do because of the story of Cain and Abel in Genesis 4. When God asks Cain where his brother is, Cain replies, ‘I don’t know. Am I my brother’s keeper?’ God then punishes Cain, showing that God created humans to be their brothers’ keepers. Also St John says: ‘We should love one another.’ He tells Christians not to be like Cain, but to love their brothers. A personal response with two developed reasons 4 marks 2 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 1c) Explain why some Christians use situation ethics as a guide for making moral decisions. (8 marks) Jesus seemed to follow situation ethics because he over‐ruled what the Old Testament said when he thought it was unloving. For example, he healed people on the Sabbath because he said it was more important to do good than to obey the Sabbath laws. Level 1: One brief reason in basic English 2 marks Jesus seemed to follow situation ethics because he over‐ruled what the Old Testament said when he thought it was unloving. For example, he healed people on the Sabbath because he said it was more important to do good than to obey the Sabbath laws. Some Christians think they should only do what will produce good results, for example stealing nuclear weapons and allowing a twelve‐year‐old to have an abortion might be the right thing to do. Level 2: Two brief reasons in basic English 4 marks Jesus seemed to follow situation ethics because he over‐ruled what the Old Testament said when he thought it was unloving. For example, he healed people on the Sabbath because he said it was more important to do good than to obey the Sabbath laws. Some Christians think they should only do what will produce good results, for example stealing nuclear weapons and allowing a twelve‐year‐old to have an abortion might be the right thing to do. Jesus said the greatest commandments are to love God and love your neighbour, meaning Christians should always do what will have the most loving results. Level 3: Three brief reasons written in a clear style with some specialist vocabulary 5 or 6 marks depending on the QWC Jesus seemed to follow situation ethics because he over‐ruled what the Old Testament said when he thought it was unloving. For example, he healed people on the Sabbath because he said it was more important to do good than to obey the Sabbath laws. Some Christians think they should only do what will produce good results, for example stealing nuclear weapons and allowing a twelve‐year‐old to have an abortion might be the right thing to do. Jesus said the greatest commandments are to love God and love your neighbour, meaning Christians should always do what will have the most loving results. They believe that Christianity is a religion of love and so Christians should make their moral decisions based on love not laws. Level 4: Four brief reasons written in a clear and correct style of English with a correct use of specialist vocabulary 7 or 8 marks depending on the QWC 5 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 2c) Explain why human rights are important for The right to life is a basic Christian belief because of the belief that life is holy and belongs to God (sanctity of life). Level 1: One brief reason in basic English 2 marks Christians. (8 marks) The right to life is a basic Christian belief because of the belief that life is holy and belongs to God (sanctity of life). Christians believe that all people are made in the image of God and so are one human family. Therefore it is important to Christians that everyone is treated fairly and equally and so people need human rights laws to protect minorities. Level 2: Two brief reasons in basic English 4 marks The right to life is a basic Christian belief because of the belief that life is holy and belongs to God (sanctity of life). Christians believe that all people are made in the image of God and so are one human family. Therefore it is important to Christians that everyone is treated fairly and equally and so people need human rights laws to protect minorities. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and association are an essential part of being Christian. Christians must have the legal right to believe in Christianity, to share their beliefs with others, to meet together for worship and to have processions to celebrate Easter and Pentecost. Level 3: Three brief reasons written in a clear style with some specialist vocabulary 5 or 6 marks depending on the QWC The right to life is a basic Christian belief because of the belief that life is holy and belongs to God (sanctity of life). Christians believe that all people are made in the image of God and so are one human family. Therefore it is important to Christians that everyone is treated fairly and equally and so people need human rights laws to protect minorities Freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and association are an essential part of being Christian. Christians must have the legal right to believe in Christianity, to share their beliefs with others, to meet together for worship and to have processions to celebrate Easter and Pentecost. It is also an essential human right for Christians not to be disadvantaged compared to others, since it means that employers cannot discriminate against Christians over jobs and pay. For example, employers cannot refuse to employ Christians because they don’t want religious people in the workplace. Level 4: Four brief reasons written in a clear and correct style of English with a correct use of specialist vocabulary 7 or 8 marks depending on the QWC 6 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 2d) ‘It doesn’t matter whether or not you vote.’ (i) Do you agree? Give FOR: One vote makes no difference to the outcome when there are over 60 million people in the UK. One reason 1 mark reasons for your opinion. (3 marks) (ii) Give reasons why some people may disagree with you. (3 marks) One vote makes no difference to the outcome when there are over 60 million people in the UK. All politicians are dishonest self‐ seekers and so are not worth voting for. Two reasons 2 marks One vote makes no difference to the outcome when there are over 60 million people in the UK. All politicians are dishonest self‐ seekers and so are not worth voting for. It doesn’t matter who is voted in they will just have to do what the EU says. Three reasons 3 marks AGAINST: Taking part in electoral and democratic processes gives you a chance to affect new laws which may be passed. One reason 1 mark Taking part in electoral and democratic processes gives you a chance to affect new laws which may be passed. The national government is responsible for important things like the armed forces, schools, the NHS, benefits and pensions; voting gives you a say in how these are run. Two reasons 2 marks Taking part in electoral and democratic processes gives you a chance to affect new laws which may be passed. The national government is responsible for important things like the armed forces, schools, the NHS, benefits and pensions; voting gives you a say in how these are run. Local councils are responsible for such things as: refuse disposal, leisure and cultural services, trading standards, social services, housing services, maintaining the roads etc. These are important areas that you need to have a say in. Three reasons 3 marks 7 SECTION 2 TEST (page 40 of Religion and Society Revision Guide) MARK SCHEME FOR QUESTION 1 Question Answer Commentary Mark 1a) What is organ donation? (2 marks) Giving organs to be used in transplant surgery. A correct definition 2 marks 1b) Do you think religious people should support organisations Yes because Christians believe that God gave humans the stewardship of the Earth and its resources. A personal response with one brief reason 1 mark like Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth? Give two reasons for your point of view. (4 marks) Yes because Christians believe that God gave humans the stewardship of the Earth and its resources. Christians have a responsibility to leave the Earth a better place than they found it A personal response with two brief reasons 2 marks Yes because Christians believe that God gave humans the stewardship of the Earth and its resources. The Bible teaches that Christians were given the right to rule over the Earth, but only as his stewards (Genesis). A personal response with one developed reason 2 marks Yes because Christians believe that God gave humans the stewardship of the Earth and its resources. The Bible teaches that Christians were given the right to rule over the Earth, but only as his stewards (Genesis). Christians have a responsibility to leave the Earth a better place than they found it A personal response with two reasons with one developed 3 marks Yes because Christians believe that God gave humans the stewardship of the Earth and its resources. The Bible teaches that Christians were given the right to rule over the Earth, but only as his stewards (Genesis). Christians have a responsibility to leave the Earth a better place than they found it as Jesus taught in the Parable of the Talents/Minas. A personal response with two developed reasons 4 marks 10 SECTION 2 TEST (page 40 of Religion and Society Revision Guide) MARK SCHEME FOR QUESTION 2 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 2a) What is global warming? (2 marks) The increase in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere (thought to be caused by the greenhouse effect). A correct definition 2 marks 2b) Do you think the Health Service should provide free infertility Yes, because as many as 12.5 per cent of couples in the UK have fertility problems. A personal response with one brief reason 1 mark treatments for couples who cannot have children? Give two reasons for your point of view. (4 marks) Yes, because as many as 12.5 per cent of couples in the UK have fertility problems. Also, it is a part of human nature to want to have children and raise a family. A personal response with two brief reasons 2 marks Yes, because as many as 12.5 per cent of couples in the UK have fertility problems. Psychological problems could be caused if couples are desperate to have children but cannot. A personal response with one developed reason 2 marks Yes because as many as 12.5 per cent of couples in the UK have fertility problems. Psychological problems are caused if couples are desperate to have children but cannot. Also, It is a part of human nature to want to have children and raise a family. A personal response with two reasons with one developed 3 marks Yes because as many as 12.5 per cent of couples in the UK have fertility problems. Psychological problems are caused if couples are desperate to have children but cannot. Also, It is a part of human nature to want to have children and raise a family, and if treatments can help people achieve this, they must be available on the NHS for free. A personal response with two developed reasons 4 marks 11 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 2c) Choose one religion other than Christianity and explain why some of its followers agree with Most Muslims do not agree with transplant surgery because the Shari'ah teaches that nothing should be removed from the body after death. Level 1: One reason for one attitude in basic English 2 marks transplant surgery and some do not. (8 marks) Most Muslims do not agree with transplant surgery because the Shari'ah teaches that nothing should be removed from the body after death. It is playing God which is a greatest sin of shirk and the Qur'an teaches that only God has the right to give and take life. Level 2: Two reasons for one attitude in basic English 4 marks Most Muslims do not agree with transplant surgery because the Shari'ah teaches that nothing should be removed from the body after death. It is playing God which is a greatest sin of shirk and the Qur'an teaches that only God has the right to give and take life. Some Muslims allow transplants from close relatives because some Muslim lawyers have said it is allowed. Level 3: Two reasons for one attitude and one reason for a different attitude written in a clear style with some specialist vocabulary 5 or 6 marks depending on the QWC Most Muslims do not agree with transplant surgery because the Shari'ah teaches that nothing should be removed from the body after death. It is playing God which is a greatest sin of shirk and the Qur'an teaches that only God has the right to give and take life. Some Muslims allow transplants from close relatives because some Muslim lawyers have said it is allowed. The Muslim Law Council of the UK says that Muslims can carry donor cards and have transplants. Level 4: Two reasons each for two different attitudes written in a clear and correct style of English with a correct use of specialist vocabulary 7 or 8 marks depending on the QWC 12 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 2d) ‘Science will solve the problem of resources.’ (i) Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion. (3 marks) (ii) Give reasons why some people may disagree with you. (3 marks) FOR: Scientists are working on ways of using renewable resources to make electricity: nuclear power, wind power, sea power, hydroelectric power and solar power. One reason 1 mark Scientists are working on ways of using renewable resources to make electricity: nuclear power, wind power, sea power, hydroelectric power and solar power. Scientists are looking at water, sugar cane and electric batteries as ways of powering cars. Two reasons 2 marks Scientists are working on ways of using renewable resources to make electricity: nuclear power, wind power, sea power, hydroelectric power and solar power. Scientists are looking at water, sugar cane and electric batteries as ways of powering cars. Scientists are working on using chemicals from plants to produce plastics. Three reasons 3 marks AGAINST: Renewable resources for producing electricity are very expensive and will not work for many countries. One reason 1 mark Renewable resources for producing electricity are very expensive and will not work for many countries. Using plants for plastics and bio‐diesel is going to reduce the food supply and people need food. Two reasons 2 marks Renewable resources for producing electricity are very expensive and will not work for many countries. Using plants for plastics and bio‐diesel is going to reduce the food supply and people need food. Recycling is very expensive and uses a lot of electricity. Three reasons 3 marks 15 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 1d) ‘Religious people should always forgive those who wrong them.’ (i) Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion. FOR: Christians believe in forgiveness and reconciliation because Jesus died on the cross to bring reconciliation and forgiveness. One reason 1 mark (3 marks) (ii) Give reasons why some people may disagree with you. (3 marks) In your answer you should refer to at least one religion. Christians believe in forgiveness and reconciliation because Jesus died on the cross to bring reconciliation and forgiveness. Jesus said that if Christians do not forgive others, they will not be forgiven themselves. Two reasons 2 marks Christians believe in forgiveness and reconciliation because Jesus died on the cross to bring reconciliation and forgiveness. Jesus said that if Christians do not forgive others, they will not be forgiven themselves. All the Churches teach that Christians should use forgiveness and reconciliation to end conflicts. Three reasons 3 marks AGAINST: Christians cannot be expected to forgive those who hate them. One reason 1 mark Christians cannot be expected to forgive those who hate them. Christians should fight against evil, so they should oppose, not forgive, enemies/bullies/those who wrong them. Two reasons 2 marks Christians cannot be expected to forgive those who hate them. Christians should fight against evil, so they should oppose, not forgive, enemies/bullies/those who wrong them. Christians are human and it is not natural for humans to forgive enemies/bullies/those who wrong them. Three reasons 3 marks 16 SECTION 3 TEST (page 59 of Religion and Society Revision Guide) MARK SCHEME FOR QUESTION 2 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 2a) What is the United Nations? (2 marks) An international body set up to promote world peace and cooperation. A correct definition 2 marks 2b) Do you think religious people should fight in wars? Give two No because Jesus said Christians should not fight. A personal response with one brief reason 1 mark reasons for your point of view. (4 marks) No because Jesus said Christians should not fight. Jesus would not let Peter fight back when Jesus was being arrested. A personal response with two brief reasons 2 marks No because Jesus said Christians should not fight. He said they should love their enemies and turn the other cheek when attacked. A personal response with one developed reason 2 marks No because Jesus said Christians should not fight. He said they should love their enemies and turn the other cheek when attacked. Jesus would not let Peter fight back when Jesus was being arrested. A personal response with two reasons with one developed 3 marks No because Jesus said Christians should not fight. He said they should love their enemies and turn the other cheek when attacked. Jesus would not let Peter fight back when Jesus was being arrested and he made Peter put his sword away. A personal response with two developed reasons 4 marks 17 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 2c) Choose one religion other than Christianity and explain why it is opposed to bullying. (8 marks) Hindus are against all forms of bullying because Hindu society is based on respect between the members of society. Bullies have no respect for the people they bully and so do not understand Hindu society. Level 1: One brief reason in basic English 2 marks Hindus are against all forms of bullying because Hindu society is based on respect between the members of society. Bullies have no respect for the people they bully and so do not understand Hindu society. Bullying is against the doctrine of ahimsa (non‐violence) and so is sinful. Level 2: Two brief reasons in basic English 4 marks Hindus are against all forms of bullying because Hindu society is based on respect between the members of society. Bullies have no respect for the people they bully and so do not understand Hindu society. Bullying is against the doctrine of ahimsa (non‐violence) and so is sinful. Bullying is mistreating the divine essence which is inside everyone. It will bring bad karma, which will prevent the bully from gaining moksha. Level 3: Three brief reasons written in a clear style with some specialist vocabulary 5 or 6 marks depending on the QWC Hindus are against all forms of bullying because Hindu society is based on respect between the members of society. Bullies have no respect for the people they bully and so do not understand Hindu society. Bullying is against the doctrine of ahimsa (non‐violence) and so is sinful. Bullying is mistreating the divine essence which is inside everyone. It will bring bad karma, which will prevent the bully from gaining moksha. It is the duty of Hindus to protect the weak as this brings good karma making it easier to gain moksha. Bullying is the exact opposite of this and so must be wrong. Level 4: Four brief reasons written in a clear and correct style of English with a correct use of specialist vocabulary 7 or 8 marks depending on the QWC 20 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 1c) Choose one religion other than Christianity and explain the attitude of its followers to alcohol. (8 marks) Alcohol and drugs are prohibited for Muslims (haram) because the Qur’an says that intoxicants are a means by which Satan tries to keep people from God and from saying their prayers. Level 1: One brief reason in basic English 2 marks Alcohol and drugs are prohibited for Muslims (haram) because the Qur’an says that intoxicants are a means by which Satan tries to keep people from God and from saying their prayers. The Prophet Muhammad said that every intoxicant is forbidden to Muslims (khamr). Level 2: Two brief reasons in basic English 4 marks Alcohol and drugs are prohibited for Muslims (haram) because the Qur’an says that intoxicants are a means by which Satan tries to keep people from God and from saying their prayers. The Prophet Muhammad said that every intoxicant is forbidden to Muslims (khamr). Muslim lawyers say taking drugs or alcohol is a form of suicide because you are harming your body, and suicide is forbidden. Level 3: Three brief reasons written in a clear style with some specialist vocabulary 5 or 6 marks depending on the QWC Alcohol and drugs are prohibited for Muslims (haram) because the Qur’an says that intoxicants are a means by which Satan tries to keep people from God and from saying their prayers. The Prophet Muhammad said that every intoxicant is forbidden to Muslims (khamr). Muslim lawyers say taking drugs or alcohol is a form of suicide because you are harming your body, and suicide is forbidden. Muhammad said several times that Muslims must not drink alcohol, and must also have nothing to do with the production or sale of alcohol. Level 4: Four brief reasons written in a clear and correct style of English with a correct use of specialist vocabulary 7 or 8 marks depending on the QWC 21 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 1d) ‘Punishment should be an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ FOR: This is retribution punishment and it makes criminals pay for their crime. One reason 1 mark This is retribution punishment and it makes criminals pay for their crime. In the past retributive punishments would have killed those who committed murder and taken the eyes out of those who blinded someone. So it actually punishes the criminal. Two reasons 2 marks (i) Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion. (3 marks) (ii) Give reasons why some people may disagree with you. (3 marks) In your answer you should refer to at least one religion. This is retribution punishment and it makes criminals pay for their crime. In the past retributive punishments would have killed those who committed murder and taken the eyes out of those who blinded someone. So it actually punishes the criminal. Retribution makes criminals suffer for what they have done wrong just as they made their victims suffer. Three reasons 3 marks AGAINST: Giving retribution is making you as bad as the criminal because you are doing the same thing. One reason 1 mark Giving retribution is making you as bad as the criminal because you are doing the same thing. Retribution will not stop criminals from re‐offending. Two reasons 2 marks Giving retribution is making you as bad as the criminal because you are doing the same thing. Retribution will not stop criminals from re‐offending. Retribution was condemned by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount. Three reasons 3 marks 22 SECTION 4 TEST (page 82 of Religion and Society Revision Guide) MARK SCHEME FOR QUESTION 2 Question Example answer Commentary Mark 2a) What is justice? (2 marks) Due allocation of reward and punishment/the maintenance of what is right. A correct definition 2 marks 2b) Do you think punishment should try to reform criminals? Yes because the only way to stop crime is to turn criminals into honest law‐abiding citizens. A personal response with one brief reason 1 mark Give two reasons for your point of view. (4 marks) Yes because the only way to stop crime is to turn criminals into honest law‐abiding citizens. Reformative punishments give criminals education and qualifications. A personal response with two brief reasons 2 marks Yes because the only way to stop crime is to turn criminals into honest law‐abiding citizens. Most criminals have had a bad upbringing and they do not know how to live without crime. A personal response with one developed reason 2 marks Yes because the only way to stop crime is to turn criminals into honest law‐abiding citizens. Most criminals have had a bad upbringing and they do not know how to live without crime. Reformative punishments give criminals education and qualifications. A personal response with two reasons with one developed 3 marks Yes because the only way to stop crime is to turn criminals into honest law‐abiding citizens. Most criminals have had a bad upbringing and they do not know how to live without crime. Reformative punishments give criminals education and qualifications so that they can find a proper job (rehabilitation of offenders). A personal response with two developed reasons 4 marks