U.S. Constitutional Law and Civil Rights: Key Amendments, Acts, and Figures, Exams of Advanced Education

Download U.S. Constitutional Law and Civil Rights: Key Amendments, Acts, and Figures and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! 2024 POLS 1101 KSU FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Kennesaw State University equal rights amendment - > designed to ensure that no one could be denied equal rights under the law on account of sex definition of civil rights - > powers or privileges guaranteed to individuals and provided by government. protect individuals from discrimination by the government or other citizens civil rights act - > -bans discrimination in public accomodations -prohibits state and local gov from banning access to public spaces on account of race, religion or ethnicity -bans gov agencies from discriminating and threatens federal funding article 1 section 9 - > citizen protections trial by jury habeas corpus - > presenting a person under arrest to be brought before a judge bill of attainder - > imprisonment without trial ex post facto laws - > charged with a crime after the fact griswold v connecticut and the 9th amendment - > the court asserted that the bill of rights created a zone of privacy for the individual that gave the individual the right to make choices regarding sexual intercourse and reproduction. ex: birth control 1st amendment - > freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of assembly, freedom to petition the government. 2nd amendment - > right to bear arms 3rd amendment - > freedom from quartering soldiers 4th amendment - > freedom from unreasonable search and seizures 5th amendment - > sets out rules for indictment by grand jury and eminent domain, protects the right to due process, and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy. 6th amendment - > right to speedy trial, right to impartial jury, right to be informed of the charges upon which the accused is held, right to face accusers, right to produce witnesses for the accused, right to legal counsel 7th amendment - > right to jury trial in civil cases, facts found by a jury cannot be reexamined by another court 8th amendment - > freedom from excessive bail or fines, freedom from cruel or unusual punishment symbolic speech - > nonverbal communication establishment clause - > the clause in the first amendment of the constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by congress free exercise clause - > refers to the section of the first amendment italicized here: congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof civil liberties - > individual rights protected by law from unjust government or other interference. civil rights - > the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality. civil rights act of 1964 - > a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. voting rights act of 1965 - > a law passed at the time of the civil rights movement it eliminated various devices, such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people. protectionism - > the theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports americans with disabilities act - > legislation passed by 1990 that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities roe v wade - > the supreme court case that held that the constitution protected a woman's right to an abortion prior to the viability of the fetus; thus, government regulation of abortions must meet strict scrutiny in judicial review. moderate abolitionists - > protest or try to get legislation to act rather than physical destruction radical abolitionists - > usually take what most people would call extreme measures to accomplish or try to accomplish their goals. contributions of mlk - > an american baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the african american civil rights movement founder of sclc contributions of malcolm x - > urge followers to defend themselves against white aggression contributions of emmett till - > his murder sparked the upsurge of activism of resistance that became known as the civil rights movement contribution of rosa parks - > a black seamstress from montgomery alabama, who in 1955, refused to give up her seat on a montgomery city bus to a white person, as she was legally required to do. contributions of susan b anthony - > a reformer of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, known especially for her advocacy of women's suffrage contributions of elizabeth cady stanton - > a reformer and feminist who joined with lucretia mott in issuing the call for the first womens rights convention in american, which was held at seneca falls, new york, in 1848. stanton later worked in close partnership with susan b anthony for women's suffrage contributions of alice paul - > an american suffragist, feminist, and women's right activist, and the main leader and strategist of the 1910s campaign for the nineteenth amendment to the us constitution which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote. political party - > an organization that sponsors candidates for public office under the organizations name and thus structures the vote is a further expansion of the right to vote in american history has come about - > rather slowly and only as a result of a wide range of unconventional political actions The purpose of the literacy tests that were used in the southern states after 1870 was to - > discourage african americans from voting the federal election commission is a regulatory agency whose purpose is to - > enforce limits on campaign control, no racial discrimination 1950 - > false southern grandma - > soft money what does substantive democracy assert about the role of government? - > the outcomes and impacts of government policies must be evaluated someone once said "the state of nature....in his life, liberty or possessions"? - > lock link w/ hobbes to think about unalienable rights what does max weber mean when he uses the phrase international sovereignty? - > gov are independent in global arena order is defined as the role of gov in making sure ppl stay in their proper place and thus do not question the legitimacy of the state? - > false establishment clause - > gov cannot establish a religion free exercise - > gov will limit itself in telling you how to practice your religion freedom of press and speech equals? - > expression dc vs heller - > supreme court says fed gov cannot restrict handgun ownership mcdonald v chicago - > states cannot restrict handgun ownership civil trial - > dispute over something that has value clear and present danger test - > your speech brings a 'clear and present danger' to those around you usa patriot act - > law passed due to 9/11 attacks; sought to prevent further terrorist attacks by allowing greater government access to electronic communications and other information; criticized by some as violating civil liberties procedural due process - > requires that individuals be notified of charges against them, provided a hearing in court, and guaranteed an impartial adjucator in the form of a judge or jury substantive due process - > requires that individuals fundamental rights be protected through court proceedings sexism - > the belief that one sex is innately superior to the other racism - > Belief that one race is superior to another economic discrimination - > systemic efforts to generate and sustain the unequal distribution of wealth social - > study of humans in society and the interaction of social groupings and the individual in relationships science - > the use of a method to test knowledge, to investigate and solve problems politics is about choice - > individual questions become societal issues that require common policy politics is about change - > involves the rise and fall of governments politics is about space - > the area within which and between politics occurs - allows for voice and agency what reduces space? - > warrantless electronic surveillance, stop and frisk, fascist policing political science - > the methodical or systematic analysis of power realtionships in a system state - > a specific type of political organization where official institution and society interact through the use of power government citizens and public - > who is the state? people within the state who seek an active role - > who are the citizens? people living in and subject to state policy but do not seek an active political role - > who is the public? what is the government? - > group of people empowered with the authority to act on behalf of the state w/ the legitimate use of force who thought of unalienable rights? - > john locke the original dilemma - > freedom vs order modern dilemma - > freedom vs equality