21st-Century Literature from the Philippines and the World, Summaries of Law

Download 21st-Century Literature from the Philippines and the World and more Summaries Law in PDF only on Docsity! 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World – Reviewer 1st Quarter Final Examination Module 1 Pursue Various moves in time bring changes, developments, and new creations. Such idea is seen to be evident not only in the way of life of Filipinos but also in their literature. Perhaps, these movement in time brought effects and the impacts in the Filipino people’s perceptions and views about life. In this lesson, it is necessary to trace the developments in the literature during significant period in our history that shaped our identities as a nation hailed as “pearl of the orient”. a. Pre-Colonial Literature  Songs, epics, myths, folk tales and legends were developed by our forebears that revealed their way of life, belief system, traditions and norms.  Literatures were passed through words of mouth or oral tradition.  Common themes: Beginning of life/earth, accounts of great people supernatural heroes, gods and goddess, and other mythical creatures, morality; good and bad practices in life Other forms of Pre-colonial Literature  Short lyric  Wise sayings  Verses for rituals  Chants and riddles b. Spanish Colonization (1565-1872)  Christianity influenced not just the way of life but also the literary practices by incorporating Christian doctrines.  Prayers, novenas, stories of the life of saints and other bible stories are common literature.  Spanish presence in the land brought numerous and monumental changes not only in religion, way of life of the people, culture but also in the language and system of writing. The Spanish language was introduced as well as the utilization of Roman alphabet for writing. Spain wanted to set the history if the discovered land as if everything had started in their existence and presence in the lands. They attempted to erase any mark of its pure identity and culture. Famous Literary Pieces: • Doctrina Christiana was written by friars in both Tagalog and Spanish languages contained religious text like the basic prayers such as Pater Noster (Our Father) and Ave Maria (Hail Mary), and also the Ten Commandments among others. • Pasion (Life and death of Jesus) Other forms of literature during Spanish Era  Comedia de Capa y Espada  Moro-Moro  Karagatan  Duplo  Sarswela  Corrido and Awit c. Enlightenment/Revolutionary Period (1896-1900) For almost three centuries of being under Spanish control, there were no significant literary developments. The Filipinos had partly achieved a certain degree of importance and influence in the society. With such, the desire to exhibit their intellect became evident so as to establish an equal position with the Spaniards.  Themes focus on Nationalism and Federalism.  Famous Literary Pieces are Jose Rizal’s works; My Last Farewell, Noli Me Tangere & El Filibusterismo and other works of national heroes.  These works were written to reveal the abuses of the authorities as well as to awaken the minds of the people. d. American Colonization (1900-1942)  Education propelled the growth of literacy among Filipinos. English language in Phil. literature flowered.  Themes focus on people's search/desire for autonomy and independence, social concerns and political issues.  Features of literature during this period: • Spanish, Tagalog and other languages were used but changed to English • Imitation of American writing styles and methods • Contemplations as to the conditions of the country remained as a transcending theme of most works under such period. e. Period of Initial Autonomy (1900-1942) In this period, the Panitikan, a group of aristocratic writers, was formed. Works perceived to be of no value were eliminated. This display and expression of emotion were somewhat controlled. The use of first person point of view in writing started to be popular. Novels and theatrical shows slowly become unpopular as foreign films were introduced to the people. Features of literature (themes): • Comparison between urban and rural living • Free verse • Modern Theme f. The Coming of Japanese Conquest in the Land (1942-1945) The presence of the Japanese forces brought some interruption not only in the development of the country but also in its literature. The journalistic writing was ceased and placed under strict monitoring. However, this crested some positive effects to Tagalog literature. Mainly, this period served as the “golden period” for the short stories and Tagalog drama. The use of English was prohibited and the vernacular or the national language dominated. Nationalism, patriotism, and life struggle prevailed as themes and motifs of the text produces during such period. However, the publication of these works were secretly done. The haiku, Japanese foremost poetics form became popular. Idelfonso Santos introduced the poetic form known as Tanaga. Some of the best stories were written like “Lupang Tinubuan” by Narciso Reyes and “Dugo at Utak” by Cornelio S. Reyes. g. Post-war Period/ Period of the Philippine Republic (1946-1972) During such period, the republic was established. It was the time in which two forms of short writing emerged-the commercial and literary forms. In 1950, the Carlos Palanca Memorial awards initialized. Commercial magazines featured numerous short stories of neophyte writers. Themes on social issues and domestic conditions were mostly revealed by the texts written during such period. New themes, styles, and techniques were mainly considered and utilized. These changes offered a different sense of literature to its reader. Module 2 Pursue Most people spend their leisure time reading various materials like pocket books, e-books, and comics and even watching telenovelas or teleserye, and films in different genres. Thus, many are truly interested in stories involving the many aspects of life. Basically, all these that we enjoy are manifestation of man’s power to reconstruct and recreate life. Thus, stories that people see and read may not always be true or realistic since they are just offshoots of a writer’s imagination and creative thinking. The following are the basic elements of literature that is present in all stories we may encounter. Elements of Literature Plot – Chain of related events that take place in a story; “framework” of the story Parts of the Plot Chart • Exposition – background information • Initiating Event – The first event in a story that triggers a conflict • Rising Actions (Complication)-Develops the basic situation; the conflict grows • Climax – The most tense or exciting part of the story – something happens to decide the outcome of the conflict. • Falling Action – Events which occur showing the effects of the climax • Resolution – Conflicts are often resolved; the end Conflict – Struggle between or within characters or forces Flashback – A scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point or a memory Setting – When and where the story action take place • Time: time period, time of day, refers to “when?” • Place: country, state, specific location, refers to “where?” Tone – The emotional attitude an author take toward his subject or theme Examples: Sarcastic Depressed Funny Naïve Angry Romantic Dark Gloomy Playful Nostalgic Optimistic Scary Suspenseful Heartbreaking Mood – The way a story makes the readers feel Point of View – How a story is told First Person •Narrator •The speaker is “I” Third Person – •Uses “he,” “she,” “they” •Omniscient – All-knowing; the narrator can see all action and may be able to show multiple characters’ thoughts. •Limited – Focuses on a single character; may or may not include that character’s thoughts Theme – Idea about human life and human nature that gives meaning to a story; central message in a work of literature. Foreshadowing – When the author hints at something that will come later. Module 3 Pursue As we know, 21st century literature refers to the literature written during the 21st century and during this period many improvement were made especially with the technology. Many genres were improved and new genres were made. In this section we will look into the genres which are prominent during this time. 21st Century Literature Genres Illustrated Novels – Story through text and illustrated images • 50 % of the narrative is presented without words. • The reader must interpret the images in order to comprehend completely the story. • Textual portions are presented in traditional form. • Some illustrated novels may contain no text at all. Digi-Fiction – Triple Media Literature • Combines three media: book, movie/video, and internet website. • In order to get the full story, students must engage in navigation, reading, viewing, in all three formats. Graphic Novels – Narratives in comic Book formats • Narrative work in which the story is conveyed to the reader using comic form. • The term is employed in a broad manner, encompassing non- fiction works and thematically linked short stories as well as fictional stories across a number of genres. Manga – Japanese word for comics