24 Sodium Chlorate, Summaries of Chemistry

Download 24 Sodium Chlorate and more Summaries Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! 24 Sodium Chlorate COHPONENTS: (1) Sodium chlorate; NaCI03; [7757-82-6] (2) Water; H20; [7732-18-5] CRITICAL EVALUATION: EVALUATOR: Hiroshi Miyamoto Department of Chemistry Niigata University Niigata, Japan June, 1984 THE BINARY SYSTEM Data for the solubility of sodium chlorate in water have been reported in 22 publications (1-21,30). Many of these studies deal with ternary systems, and the solubility in the binary NaCIO-H20 system is given as one point on a phase diagram. Many investigators (4, 6-8, 10-20) reported that the stable solid in equilibrium with the saturated solu­ tions over the temperature range between 273 K and 373 K was anhydrous sodium chlorate. Nabiev, Tukhtaev, Musaev, Kuchrov and Shimmasov (21) measured the solubility for the binary NaCI03-H20 system at 254.7 K, and the stable phases were NaCI03 and ice. Blanc and Schmandt (1), Bell (3) and Treadwell and Ammann (9) reported solubilities in the binary NaCI03-H20 system only. Bittler (2), Bell (3) and Nies and Hulbert (18) reported solubilities over a wide temperature range. A summary of solubility studies for the binary NaCI03-H20 system is given in Table 1. 1. Evaluation for the solubility based on mol kg-l units. Solubility at 273.2 K. The solubility has been reported in 3 publications (3, 7, 18). The value by Babaeva (7) is very distinctly larger than that of two other investigators. The arithmetic mean of two results (7. 18) is 7.465 mol kg-I. The mean is designated as a tentative value. Solubility at 283.2 K. The solubility has been reported in 2 publications (3, 18). The value recommended for the solubility at this temperature is taken as 8.220 mol kg-I, which is the arithmetic mean of the two results. Solubility at 293.2K. The solubility has been reported in 6 publications (3, 5-7, 9, 18) at 293.2 K, and in one article (1) at 293.0 K. The value of 8.994 mol kg-l by Blanc and Schmandt (1) is larger than that of Nies and Hulbert (18). The reported solubilities at this temperature are widely distributed from 8.976 to 9.282 mol kg-I. The tentative value was obtained as the arithmetic mean of 7 results (Ii 3, 5-7, 9, 18). The value is 9.14 mol kg-I, and the standard deviation is 0.14 mol kg- Solubility at 298.2 K. The solubility at this temperature has been reported in 10 publica­ tions (3, 8, 10-13,17,19,20,30). The value of Vlasov and Shishkina (2) is distinctly lower than that of the other investigators, and the study of Arkhipo, Kashina and Kuzina (17) reported the highest value. Therefore, these two values are rejected. The arith­ metic mean of the remaining 7 results (3,~,10-13,19,30) is 9.43 mol kg-I, and the standard deviation is 0.02 mol kg-I. The mean is designated as a recommended value. Solubility at 303.2 K. The value has been reported in 3 publications (1, 3, 18). The arithmetic mean of 3 results is 9.86 mol kg-I, and the standard deviation is 0.04 mol kg-l The mean is designated as a recommended value. Solubility at 308.2 K. The solubility has been reported in one publication (3) at 308.2 K and in one publication (1) at 308.3 K. Both values are identical. The estimated error in temperature measurement is ± 0.02 K by Bell (1) and nothing specified by Blanc and Schmandt (1). The tentative value at 308.2 K is taken as 10.33 mol kg-I. Solubility at 313.2 K. The solubility has been reported in 4 publications (3, 4, 7, 18). The value of Babaeba (18) was markedly higher than those of the other researchers (3, 4, 7) and is therefore rejected. The arithmetic mean of the remaining 3 results (3, 4, 7) is 10.86 mol kg-I, and the standard deviation is 0.07 mol kg-I. The mean is designated as a recommended value. Solubility at 318.2 K. The recommended value for the solubility at this temperature is taken as 11.27 mol kg-l which is the arithmetic mean of two results (8, 18). Sodium Chlorate 25 COHPONENTS: EVALUATOR: (1) Sodium chlorate; NaC103; [7757-82-6] Hiroshi Miyamoto Department of Chemistry (2) Water; H2O; [7732-18-5] Niigata University Niigata, Japan June, 1984 CRITICAL EVALUATION: Table 1. Summary of Solubility Data for the Binary ~aC103-H20 System T/K m11mol kg-1 Reference 268.2 7.096 (18) Nies; Hulbert 273.2 7.451 (18) Nies; Hulbert 273.2 7.478 (3) Bell 273.2 7.690 (7) Babaeva 277.9 7.834 (1) Blanc; Schmandt 283.2 8.208 (18) Nies; Hulbert 283.2 8.232 (3) Bell 288.2 8.641 (8) Ricci; Yenick 291.2 8.976 (14) Windmaisser; Stock1 292.2 8.770 (11) Ricci; Weltman 293.0 8.994 (1) Blanc; Schmandt 293.2 8.976 (18) Nies; Hulbert 293.2 9.008 (3) Bell 293.2 9.20 (9) Treadwell; Ammann 293.2 9.231 (5) Di Capua; Sca1etti 293.2 9.28 (6) Di Capua; Bertoni 293.2 9.282 (7) Babaeva 297.4 9.26 (4) 11 'inskli 298.2 9.410 (30) Ricci; Offenbach 298.2 9.352 (20) V1asov; Shishkina 298.2 9.402 (13) Ricci; Linke 298.2 9.417 (11) Ricci; Weltman 298.2 9.421 (10) Swenson; Ricci 298.2 9.433 (12) Ricci 298.2 9.444 (3) Bell 298.2 9.448 (8) Ricci; Yanick 298.2 9.470 (19) Arkhipov; Kashina 298.2 9.504 (17) Arkhipov; Kashina; Kuzina 303.2 9.818 (18) Nies; Hulbert 303.2 9.865 (1) Blanc; Schmandt 303.2 9.896 (3) Bell 308.2 10.33 (3) Bell 308.3 10.33 (1) Blanc; Schmandt 313.2 10.81 (18) Nies; Hulbert 313.2 10.83 (3) Bell 313.2 10.94 (4) 11 'inskii 313.2 12.13 (7) Babaeva 317.9 11.25 (1) Blanc; Schmandt 318.2 11.25 (18) Nies; Hulbert 318.2 11.29 (8) Ricci; Yenick 323.2 11.71 (11) Ricci; Weltman 323.2 11.74 (10) Swenson; Ricci 323.2 11.76 (18) Nies; Hulbert 333.2 12.88 (18) Nies; Hulbert 348.2 14.79 (18) Nies; Hulbert 348.2 14.94 (8) Ricci; Yenick 371.2 18.47 (18) Nies; Hulbert 373.2 19.16 (3) Bell 28 Sodium Chlorate COHPONENTS: (1) Sodium chlorate; NaCl03; [7757-82-6] (2) Water; H20; [7732-18-5] CRITICAL EVALUATION: EVALUATOR: Hiroshi Hiyamoto Department of Chemistry Niigata University Niigata, Japan June, 1984 TERNARY SYSTEMS Hany studies for the solubility of the aqueous ternary system with two saturating com­ ponents have been reported. A summary of the studies is given in Tables 3-6. Systems with alkali halides. Solubility studies of the ternary systems containing sodium chlorate and alkali halides have been reported in 11 publications (2, 5, 12, 16, 17, 20, 22, 24, 28). A summary of these studies with that of the ternary NaCl03-BaC12-H20 system is given in Table 3. Table 3. Summary of Solubility Studies in Ternary Systems with Alkali Hetal and Barium Halides. Ternary System T/K Solid phase Reference NaCl03 - NaCl - H2O 293, 303, 333, Not given 2 353, 373 NaCl03 - NaCl - H2O 293 Not given 5 NaCl03 - NaCl - H2O 298, 308, 318 NaCl03; NaCl 16 NaCl03 - NaCl - H2O 298 NaCl03; NaCl 17 NaCl03 - NaCl - H2O 293 Not given 22 NaCl03 - NaCl - H2O 247 - 373 NaCl03; NaCl.2H20 24 NaCl; Ice NaCl03 - NaCl - H2O 298 Not given 28 NaCl03 - NaBr - H2O 298 NaCl03; NaBr.2H20 12 NaCl03 - NaI - H2O 298 NaCl03; NaI.2H20 12 NaCl03 - NaF - H2O 298 NaCl03; NaF 20 NaC103 - KCl - H2O 298 Not given 5 NaCl03 - BaC12 - H2O 293 Not given 6 Solubilities in the ternary NaCl03-NaCl-HZO system have been reported in 7 publications (5, 7, 16, 17, 22. 24, 28). Di Capua and Scalctti (5) and Arkhipov, Kashina and Kuzina (17) measured solubilities (mass % units) of the two saturating components (NaCI03 and NaCl) over a wide concentration range at 293 and 298 K, respectively. No double salts are formed in this system. Nallet and Paris (24) reported only one value (mass % units) at each temperature between 246 and 373 K. The details of solid phases are described on the compilation sheets. No double salts formed. Solubilities in the aqueous ternary system based on g cm-3 units have been reported by Winteler (22), and by Billiter (2). Because of insufficient experimental information, it was not possible to compare these two studies. The paper by Perel'man and Korzenyak (28) contained only a phase diagram, and was there­ fore not compiled. The solubilities in ternary systems NaCI03-NaBr-H20 and NaCl03-NaI-H20 at 298 K were studied by Ricci (2) and the system NaCI03-NaF-H20 at 298 was studied by Vlasov and Shishkina (20). These salt pairs formed neither double salts nor solid solutions at this temperature. The ternary NaCI03-NaF-H20 system was of simple eutonic type. Sodium Chlorate 29 COHPONENTS: (1) Sodium chlorate; NaC103; [7757-82-6) (2) Water; H20; [7732-18-5) EVALUATOR: Hiroshi Hiyamoto Department of Chemistry Niigata University Niigata, Japan Jupe, 1984 CRITICAL EVALUATION: Only one result in the NaC103-KC1-H20 system was reported by Di Capua and Scaletti (5), and solubilities in the NaC103-BaC12-H20 were reported by Di Capua and Bertoni (6). The solid phases in both papers were not reported. Systems with other halates. Solubility studies of ternary systems containing sodium chlorate and other halates have been reported in 8 publications (4-6, 10, 17, 19, 23, 24). A summary of these studies with that of the ternary system NaC103-NaC102-H20 is given in Table 4. Table 4. Summary of Solubility Studies in Ternary Systems with other Halates Ternary System T/K Solid Phase Reference NaC103 - KC103 - H2O 297, 313 NaC103; KC103 4 NaC103 - KC103 - H2O 293 Not given 5 NaC103 - KC103 - H2O 273, 313 Not given 23 NaC103 - KC103 - H2O 291 NaC103; KC103; Ice 24 NaC103 - RbC103 - H2O 298 NaC103; RbC103 17 NaC103 - CsC103 - H2O 298 NaC103; CsC103 19 NaC103 - Ba(C103)2 - H2O 298 NaC103; Ba(C103)2 6 NaC103 - NaBr03 - H2O 298, 373 NaC103; NaBr03 10 Solid Solution NaC103 - NaC102 - H2 O 288, 298, 308 NaC103; NaC103.3H20 15 318 NaC102 NaC103 - NaC102 - H2O 298 Not given 28 Solubilities in the NaC103-KC103-H20 system were studied by Il'inskii (4) at 297.4 and 313 K, and by DiCapua and Scaletti (5) at 293 K. No double salts were formed. The results for the composition at the isothermally invariant point were reported by Munter and Brown (23). Nallet and Paris (24) reported only one solubility at each temperature between 255.3 K and 373 K. The details of solid phases are described in the compilation. No double salts were formed. Solubilities in the ternary NaC103-RbC103-H20 and NaC103-CsC103-H20 systems have been reported by Arkhipov, Kashina and Kuzina (17), and Arkhipov and Kashina (19), respectively Solubilities in the ternary NaC103-Ba(C103)2-H20 system have been reported by Di Capua • and Bertoni (6). All systems were simple eutonic, and no double salts were formed. Solubilities in the ternary NaC103-NaBr03-H20 system were measured by Swenson and Ricci (10). The salts studied at 298 K formed a series of solid solutions which is apparently discontinuous. The solubility curve at 298 K appears to be divided into three portions corresponding to the following solid phases: (1) pure sodium bromate, (2) a sodium bromate solid solution containing up to about 5-10 mass % sodium chlorate, (3) a sodium chlorate solid solution containing from ° to 60-65 mass % sodium bromate. Cunningham and Oey (15) have reported solubilities in the ternary system NaC103-NaC102­ H20. The system is simple and the solid phases were sodium chlorate and sodium chlorite trihydrate. No hydrate of sodium chlorate was formed. 30 Sodium Chlorate COHPONENTS: (1) Sodium chlorate; NaCI03; [7757-8Z-6) (Z) Water; HZO; [773Z-l8-5) CRITICAL EVALUATION: EVALUATOR: Hiroshi Miyamoto Department of Chemistry Niigata University Niigata, Japan June, 1984 The system with sodium sulfate. Solubilities in the ternary NaCl03-NaZS04-HZO system have been reported in 3 publications (7, 8, 14). A summary of the studies is given in Table 5. Table 5. A Summary of Solubility Studies in the Ternary System NaCl03-NaZS04-HZO T/K Z73 288 Z9l 293 Z98 313 318 348 Solid Phase Reference NaCl03; NaZS04.l0HZO 7 NaCI03; Na2S04.l0HZO 8 NaCl03; NaZS04.l0HZO; NaZS04 14 NaCl03; Na2S04.l0HZO 7 NaCl03; NaZS04.l0HZO; NaZS04 8 NaCI03.3NaZS04 (double salt) NaCl03; NaZS04 7 NaCl03; NaZS04; NaCI03.3NaZS04 8 NaCI03; NaZS04; NaCl03.3NaZS04 8 Solubilities in this system were determined over a wide temperature range. Ricci and Yanick (8) reported the existence of stable double salt with the formula NaCl03.3Na2S04' The double salt was formed at Z98 K and above, having always a very short range of stable existence, and persisting in metastable equilibrium over a very considerable range of concentrations. Although Babaeva (7) measured solubilities in this system at 313 K, the existence of the double salt was not found. Below Z98 K no double salts were formed. The solid phases in the binary systems NaCl03-HZO and NaZS04-HZO were NaCl03 and NaZS04.l0H20 at Z98 K and below, respectively, and NaCl03 and NaZS04 at 313 K and above, respectively. The composition of the solid phase between Z98 and 313 K was not studied. Systems with the other compounds. A summary of solubility studies in the system contain- ing the other compounds except the salts discussed above is given in Table 6. Table 6. Summary of Solubility Studies in Miscellaneous Ternary Systems Ternary System T/K Solid Phase Reference NaClO3 - NazC03 - HZO 297, 313 NaCl03; Na2C03.l0HZO. 4, NaZC03.7HZO; NaZC03 NaClO3 - NaZCr04 - HZO 292 NaCl03; NaZCr04.6HZO; 11 Na2Cr04·l0HZO NaClO3 - NaCr04 - HZO Z98 NaCl03; NaZCr04.4HZO; 11 NaZCr04·6HzO NaClO3 - NaCr04 - H2O 3Z3 NaCl03; NaZCr04.4HZO 11 NaC104 - NaN03 - HZO Z98 NaCl03; NaN03 lZ NaClO3 - NaZMo04 - HZO Z98 NaCl03; NazMo04.ZHZO 13 NaCI03 - NaOH - HZO Z91 NaCI03 ; NaOH.HZO 14 NaClO3 - BaBOZ - HZO Z54 NaCI03; NaBOZ.4HZO ; ice 18 NaClO3 - NaBOZ - HZO Z68, Z73, NaCI03; NaBOz.4HZO 18Z93, 303 NaClO3 - NaBOZ - HZO 318, 3Z3 NaCI03; NaBOz.4HZO; 18 NaB04·ZHZO NaCl03 - NaBOz - HZO 333, 348 NaCI03; NaBOz.ZHZO 18