Comparing Geological Events: Himalayas & Appalachian Mountains Formation, Quizzes of Geology

Download Comparing Geological Events: Himalayas & Appalachian Mountains Formation and more Quizzes Geology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 H. M. Cadell DEFINITION 1 conducted his experiments in mountain building outside the grange, bo'ness, Linlithgowshire in order to stimulate the geological structure of the North West Highlands of Scotland TERM 2 india and asia are thought to have collided between DEFINITION 2 50 and 40 million years ago TERM 3 movement of india based on DEFINITION 3 magnetic anomalies on the sea floor TERM 4 india was turned and be driven DEFINITION 4 north TERM 5 before colision of india, rate of movement greater than DEFINITION 5 10 cm per year TERM 6 after collision of india, rate of movement approximately DEFINITION 6 5cm per year TERM 7 indian oceanic plate subducted beneath tibet DEFINITION 7 70-60 million years ago india is 8,000km south of present day position southern tibet was on the south coast of asia at that time. lied about 2,000 km south of where it is now TERM 8 indian and asian landmasses collide between DEFINITION 8 55 and 40 million years ago second slice of crust is thrust southwards up onto india (himalayas) many of the high peaks are capped by Paleozoic marine sediments originally deposited at least 8,000 km to the south TERM 9 main central thrust becaomes inactive between DEFINITION 9 20 and 10 million years ago main bountary thrust - formed so that northward movement of india can continue TERM 10 top 1,000 feet of everest consists of DEFINITION 10 everst limestone and everest mudstone TERM 21 blue ridge province DEFINITION 21 region of precambrian rocks that have deformed several times (folded then refolded) and subjected to high grade metamorphism TERM 22 piedmont province DEFINITION 22 occupied by paleozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks also an area of intense folding, but on in which metamorphic grade is much more variable TERM 23 appalachia - NW is going DEFINITION 23 SE TERM 24 appalachian plateau is like ____ faults DEFINITION 24 stair-case TERM 25 paleozoic = DEFINITION 25 appalachian plateau valley and ridge TERM 26 metamorphic DEFINITION 26 blue ridge TERM 27 paleozoic intrusives DEFINITION 27 piedmont TERM 28 deformation is due to the sedimentary rocks moving along ____ at depth DEFINITION 28 blind thrusts TERM 29 blind thrusts DEFINITION 29 thrusts that do not reach the earth's surface TERM 30 orogenies DEFINITION 30 mountain building events that are recognized in the appalachians TERM 31 orogenies of the appalachiins DEFINITION 31 alleghanian acadian taconic avalonian TERM 32 sub areas of the piedmont DEFINITION 32 inner piedmont charlotte belt carolina slate belt TERM 33 the blue ridge is separated from the piedmont by the DEFINITION 33 brevard fault TERM 34 inner piedmont DEFINITION 34 high grade metamorphic rocks intruded by bodies of igneous rock TERM 35 charlotte belt DEFINITION 35 generally low grade metamorphosed sedimentary rocks TERM 46 iaputus DEFINITION 46 opening and closure of the proto-atlantic ocean predates atlantic ocean TERM 47 plate techtonics in the APP DEFINITION 47 first behan to be widely accepted in early 1960's TERM 48 APP - models involving DEFINITION 48 plate tectonics have been proposed by different geologists to explain the formation of the appalachians TERM 49 over the last twenty or thirty years, models of the APP have DEFINITION 49 become increasingly more complicated and sophisticated TERM 50 the first APP model was proposed by DEFINITION 50 canadian geologist J. Tuzo Wilson in 1963 TERM 51 the present-day atlantic ocean began to open up by DEFINITION 51 seafloor spreading about 180 million years ago TERM 52 petroloeum is the general term for DEFINITION 52 all natrually occuring hydrocarbons - hethering gaseous, liquid or solid - found in tock TERM 53 hydrocarbons DEFINITION 53 organic compounds which contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms TERM 54 hydrocarbon molecules consist of DEFINITION 54 chains of carbon atoms to which hydrogen atoms are attached (normal Butene) TERM 55 two series of hydrocarbons are DEFINITION 55 paraffine/methane nepthene TERM 56 paraffine/methane DEFINITION 56 characterized by strainght-chain hydrocarbons having general formula butane TERM 57 nepthene DEFINITION 57 hydrocarbons whose molecules are composed of carbon atoms arranged into a ring structure TERM 58 borderline of physical state occurs between gas and oil at carbon number DEFINITION 58 4 TERM 59 natural gas DEFINITION 59 consists of hydrocarbons which are not condensable at 20 degreeC and atmospheric pressure TERM 60 natural gasses are the first DEFINITION 60 four members of the paraffine series methane ethane propane and n-butane TERM 71 formation of petroleum involves DEFINITION 71 4 sequential stems TERM 72 steps of formation of petroleum DEFINITION 72 ----prolific development of microscopic organisms (plankton) in the near surface marien waters ----death of the micro-organisms which then fall to the sea floor and are buried beneath layers of fine- grained sediment such as clays ----buried organic material is metabolized by bacteria and converted into methane and kerogene ----with time, the kerogene becomes more deeply buried as more and more sediment is deposited TERM 73 kerogene DEFINITION 73 a viscous complex hydrocarbon TERM 74 step 4 of the petroleum process - temperature increases with DEFINITION 74 depth until, (60-100C) the kerogene breaks down into simpler lighter hydrocarbons this is the stage where low viscosity oil is formed TERM 75 above 100-150C the oil also DEFINITION 75 decomposes, producing gasses and residual carbon TERM 76 liquid window DEFINITION 76 the temperature range of oil generation TERM 77 at temeratures above 300C hydrocarbon molecules become DEFINITION 77 unstable TERM 78 petroleum migration DEFINITION 78 involves the upward movement of oil and gas through sediments which contain water in their pore spaces TERM 79 the driving fore for migration of petroleum is DEFINITION 79 the density differences between water, oil and gas TERM 80 oil traps are classified into three groups: DEFINITION 80 structural traps stratigraph traps mixed structural stratigraphic traps TERM 81 in sedimentary basins, oil and gas will migrate upwards through pore spaces of beds which are DEFINITION 81 porous and permeable TERM 82 migration will continue until DEFINITION 82 they eaither reacon the earth's surface or are stopped by some form of impermeable barrier TERM 83 if the oil and gas is unable to escape laterally around the impermeable barrier DEFINITION 83 they will become trapped more oil and gas rising up from below will add to this pool of trapped hydrocarbons TERM 84 the most common type of structural trap is the DEFINITION 84 anticlinal trap TERM 85 another very common type of structural trap is associated with DEFINITION 85 salt domes