Term 2: Psychology Concepts and Theories, Quizzes of Social Psychology

Download Term 2: Psychology Concepts and Theories and more Quizzes Social Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Self-Recognition DEFINITION 1 Video of monkeys and mirrors. The mark test on forehead dictating if they are able to see change or noticeable TERM 2 Self-reference effect DEFINITION 2 the tendency for ppl to remember the info better if they relate it to themselves TERM 3 Self-schemas DEFINITION 3 mental structures that ppl use to organize their knowledge a/b themselves and that influence what they notice, think about, and remember a/b themselves TERM 4 Intrinsic motivation DEFINITION 4 you do it b/c it's good, internalEX: read b/c you enjoy it TERM 5 extrinsic motivation DEFINITION 5 external factors, rewardsEX: read b/c you get money for each book TERM 6 Schachter and Singers 2 factor theory of emotion DEFINITION 6 We infer what our emotions are in the same way that we infer whatkind of person we are or how interested we are in math games: 1. Experience physiological arousal 2. Seek an appropriate explanation for it 1. Observe our behavior 2. Explain why we are behaving that way TERM 7 Any problems with Schachter and Singers 2 factor theory of emotion? DEFINITION 7 is that peoples emotions are somewhat arbitrary, depending onwhat the most plausible explanation for their arousal happens to be.1. They prevented people from becoming angry by providing anonemotional explanation for why they felt aroused. 2. They could make participants experience a very different emotionby changing the most plausible explanation for their arousal TERM 8 The process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do. DEFINITION 8 misattribution of arousal TERM 9 Social comparison theory DEFINITION 9 The idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people, and revolves around 2 important questions TERM 10 Upward comparison DEFINITION 10 comparing ourselves to people who are better than we are on a particular ability. TERM 21 Explicit attitudes DEFINITION 21 Attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easilyreport. TERM 22 implicit attitudes DEFINITION 22 Attitudes that are involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious TERM 23 Be able to recognize counter attitudinal advocacy in an example DEFINITION 23 When you cant find external justification for your behavior, you will attempt to find internal justification by bringing the two cognitions (your attitude and your behavior) closer together. TERM 24 3 parts of persuasion DEFINITION 24 Persuasion depends on Who Says What to WhomGoal of persuasion: change attitude TERM 25 Fear messages DEFINITION 25 the dangers are serious and likelythe level of fear is moderate Effectiveness of the two adds Death picture scared of it Turning into a fish picture unrealistic ^ Be able to apply to a test TERM 26 effectiveness of Fear messages DEFINITION 26 the dangers are serious and likely: scary enough to make them anxious; has to be likely to happen effective steps to avoid the danger are given: specific recommendation to the threat like cancer from cigs; then audience has to have the ability to obtain the steps audience has the ability to take the steps: may be too addicting the level of fear is moderate: don't scare them stupid TERM 27 Self Concept DEFINITION 27 known or me = self concept knower or I (the thinking, makes sense of all the parts of who you are, what makes you up) ^take those parts and push them together and that is who you are TERM 28 Social norms DEFINITION 28 Rules for accepted and / or excepted bx Generally unstated Often we only see the when they are violated TERM 29 3 functions of social norms DEFINITION 29 Function of Norms Descriptive Function Injunctive Function Eases Social Interaction In the U.S / Individualist Cultures, conformity is viewed negatively and positively Conformity provides order and predictability in interactions Too much conformity can be damaging as well (e.g: Nazi Germany, Jim Jones) TERM 30 Conformity DEFINITION 30 a change in ones bx due to the real or imagined influence of other ppl TERM 31 Informational social influence DEFINITION 31 Sherif = Private Acceptance = Informational Social Influence + Normative Social influence Information social influence look to group for info to clarify situation (forming a norm) finish TERM 32 Normative social influence DEFINITION 32 People know that what they are doing is wrong but go along anyway so as not to feel peculiar or look like a fool.usually result in public compliance without private acceptancepeople go along with the group even if they do not believe in what they are doing or think it is wrong.contrasts with informational TERM 33 ABC :Affect DEFINITION 33 Emotional reactions toward the attitude object. TERM 34 ABC : Behavior DEFINITION 34 Actions or observable behavior toward the attitude object. TERM 35 ABC: Cognitive DEFINITION 35 Thoughts and beliefs about the attitude TERM 46 the 2 routes of persuasion which determine attitude change DEFINITION 46 Route to Persuasion determines type of attitude change Peripheral Route & Central Route TERM 47 new attitudes are weak, flexible, susceptible to counterarguments, and poor predictors of behavior DEFINITION 47 Peripheral Route TERM 48 new attitudes are strong, enduring, resistant to counter-arguments, & predictive of behavior. DEFINITION 48 Central Route= n TERM 49 Whether persuasion occurs DEFINITION 49 Motivation and ability to elaborate (think about) persuasive messages communicator speaks at a normal rate of speed message has High relevance receiver has High Need for Cognition receiver mood is neutral or mildly negative receiver has enough cognitive resources TERM 50 Making people immune to attempts to change their attitudes by initially exposing them to small doses of the arguments against their position. DEFINITION 50 Attitude Inoculation: TERM 51 Where do affectively based attitudes come from? (1-4) DEFINITION 51 1. Peoples values, such as religious and moral beliefs2. Sensory reaction, such as liking the taste of chocolate3. Aesthetic reaction, such as admiring a painting or the lines and color of a car4. Conditioning. TERM 52 These two aspects of the self combine to create a coherent sense of identity DEFINITION 52 Known &/or meKnower &/or I TERM 53 how you think a/b those things and how they fit, how you make judgments DEFINITION 53 knower or the i (self concept) TERM 54 Why do humans have such a complex definition of self? 3 Functions: DEFINITION 54 1. Self Knowledge: what we know a/b self and organize info a/b self, indenity formation2.Self control : organize things we do3.self expression : how we show it to others TERM 55 Women have more relational interdependence DEFINITION 55 meaning that they focus more on their close relationships, such ashow they feel about their spouse or their child TERM 56 Men have more collective interdependence DEFINITION 56 meaning that they focus on theirmemberships in larger groups, such as the fact that they are Americans or that they belong to a fraternity TERM 57 can also be a way of keeping you out of trouble, by reminding you of your sense of right and wrong. DEFINITION 57 Self-focus TERM 58 Did you know.. DEFINITION 58 Residual arousal from one source (e.g., caffeine, exercise, afright) can enhance the intensity of how the person interprets otherfeelings (e.g., attraction to someone) TERM 59 Overjustification effect DEFINITION 59 reward no longer motivates (look up)The danger of reward programs is that kids will begin to think they are reading to earn money, not because they find reading to be an enjoyable activity in its own right. TERM 60 downward social comparison DEFINITION 60 You'll feel better a/b yourself if you engage in : comparing yourself to ppl who are worse than you on a particular trait or ability.