The French and Indian War: Causes, Key Figures, and Significant Battles, Exercises of French

Download The French and Indian War: Causes, Key Figures, and Significant Battles and more Exercises French in PDF only on Docsity! 3: 1 -_ The French and Indian War • Explain how the rivalry between Britain and France and conflict over the Ohio Valley led to the French and Indian War in North America. George Washington A resident of Virginia, he was a: • surveyor, • a planter, • a soldier in the French and Indian War, • a delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses, • commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution, and the • chairman of the Constitutional Convention in 1787 Albany Plan of Union •Proposal by Benjamin Franklin to create one government for the 13 colonies Plains of Abraham •Field near Québec; site of major British victory over the French in the French and Indian war. Ohio Valley Native Americans Choose Allies The French A. France had built strong alliances with Native American groups such as the Algonquins and the Hurons. B. Most French in North America were trappers and traders and they did not destroy Indian hunting grounds by clearing forests for farms. C. Also, many French trappers married Native American women and adopted their ways. The British A. Many British settlers were farmers whom usually ignored Indian rights by felling trees and clearing land for crops. B. English trader William Johnson, was married to Molly Brant, sister to Mohawk chief Thayendanegea, known as Joseph Brant. C. The Iroquois nation were old enemies of the Algonquin and the Huron peoples, thus easily joined the British. Analyze Maps: Why were the French determined to prevent British colonies from expanding westward? By 1753, the French had claimed a vast area of North America. The Ohio Valley provided resources for settlers, such as fur-bearing animals that brought a profit from the fur trade. Both French and British fur traders competed for these resources. A. Washington was only 22 years old when he took part in the Ohio Valley conflict. B. In 1753, the governor of Virginia sent Washington to deliver a letter to the French asking them to withdraw from the Ohio Valley. C. The French refused. After Washington returned from this mission, the governor of Virginia sent him west again. D. This time Washington’s assignment was to build a fort where the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers meet to form the Ohio River (present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). E. The French had just completed Fort Duquesne (doo KAYN) at the very spot where Washington hoped to build his fort. The French and Indian War Begins in the Ohio Valley Analyze Maps What can you conclude about why the French and Indian War took place? Defeat at Fort Necessity A. Determined to carry out his orders, Washington hurried on. B. The Iroquois helped the British launch a surprise attack against the French, as well as the French allies, the Algonquins. C. Washington and his men built a makeshift stockade they named Fort Necessity. D. Soon, a force of 700 French and Indians surrounded the fort; outnumbered, the Virginians surrendered. E. The French released Washington, and he returned home a hero. A.The plan was an attempt to create “one general government” for the British colonies. It called for a Grand Council made up of representatives from each colony. The council would make laws, raise taxes, and set up the defense of the colonies. B.When the plan was submitted to the colonial assemblies, not one approved it. C.None of the colonies wanted to give up any of its powers to a central council. D.A disappointed Benjamin Franklin expressed his frustration at the failure of his plan: “Everyone cries a union is necessary. But when they come to the manner and form of the union, their weak noodles are perfectly distracted.” —Benjamin Franklin, in a letter to Massachusetts Governor William Shirley, 1755 The Albany Plan of Union proposed a single government for the 13 colonies to defeat the French. Analyze Charts : Why would competition among the colonies keep them from supporting a central governing body? Why did the colonial assemblies refuse to approve the Albany Plan of Union? A.They didn’t want to pay additional taxes. B.They wanted to use diplomacy to solve differences. C.They didn’t believe the French were a threat. D.They were unwilling to give up political power. A. During the next two years, the war continued to go badly for the British. B. The French won important victories, capturing Fort Oswego on Lake Ontario and Fort William Henry on Lake George. C. All these defeats put a serious strain on the alliances with the Iroquois who had been counting on the British to protect them from the French. D. The Iroquois faced increasing danger from enemy tribes, who fought them for prisoners and goods. What factor worked against the British during the early years of the French and Indian War? A.The French forts were poorly defended. B.The French knew how to fight effectively in the forests. C.The British had too few troops with which to fight. D.The British did not have any Native American allies. A. In 1757, William Pitt became prime minister. B. Under Pitt’s leadership, the tide of battle turned. C. In 1758, Louisbourg, the most important fort in French Canada, was captured. D. That year, the British also seized Fort Duquesne, which they renamed Fort Pitt after the British leader. E. The city of Pittsburgh later grew up on the site of Fort Pitt. A. Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris of 1763, marking the end of French power in North America. B. Britain gained Canada and all French lands east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans. C. Spain, which had entered the war on the French side in 1762, gave up Florida to Britain. D. In return, Spain received all French land west of the Mississippi, including the city of New Orleans. E. Spain retained control of its Central and South America. F. After years of fighting, peace returned to North America. Yet, in a few short years, a new conflict would break out. This time, the struggle would pit Britain against its own 13 colonies. Quebec and New France Fall How did the balance of European power in North America change between 1753 and 1763? What role did Spain play in the war, and what effect did the Treaty of Paris have on New Spain? How were the British able to capture Quebec? A. They snuck across the Plains of Abraham. B. They climbed a cliff to surprise the French. C. They overwhelmed the French with more troops. D. They used artillery to their advantage.