Nomenclature Rules for Alkanes: IUPAC System, Study notes of Organic Chemistry

Download Nomenclature Rules for Alkanes: IUPAC System and more Study notes Organic Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Chemistry 30B M.E. Jung Fall 2004 Nomenclature for Alkanes (Ch. 2.3-2.5 in Brown & Foote) IUPAC 1) Select the longest alkyl chain as the parent chain. Its name becomes the root name. Number of C’s: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Prefix: meth eth prop but pent hex hept oct non dec 2) Name and number the substituents (using the alkyl radical names below) so that the lowest number is given to the substituent encountered first. 3) List substituents in alphabetical order (note: the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, etc., are not included in the alphabetization). Finally add ‘-ane’ to the prefix/ 4) For cycloalkanes, use the prefix ‘cyclo’ and follow all the other rules. CH3 CH2CH3 CH2CH2CH3 CH2CH2CH2CH3 CHCH3 CH3 CHCH2CH3 CH3 CH2CHCH3 CH3 CCH3 CH3 CH3 methyl ethyl propyl isopropyl (1-methylethyl) butyl isobutyl (2-methylpropyl) sec-butyl (1-methylpropyl) tert-butyl (1,1-dimethylethyl)CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH2CH2CHCH3 CH3 pentyl isopentyl (3-methylbutyl) neopentyl (2,2-dimethylpropyl) CH2C CH3 CH3 CH3 Examples H3C CH3 CH3 1 2 3 4 5 2-methylpentane H3C CH3 CH3 1 2 3 2-methylpropane CH3 CH3 CH2CH3 2-ethyl-1,1-dimethylcyclopentane cyclopropane H3C CH3 CH3H3C 1 2 3 4 56 2,4-dimethylhexane H3C CH3 CH3H3C 6 5 4 3 21 3,5-dimethylhexane NOT NOT H3C CH3 CH3H3C 1 2 3 4 4-ethyl-2-methylpentane 5 H3C CH3 H3C CH3 1234 5 67 H3C CH3 H3C CH3 7654 3 21 NOT 3-ethyl-5-methylheptane 3-methyl-5-ethylheptane H3C CH3 H3C 4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylheptane CH3 CH3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 NOT H3C CH3 H3C 2,2-dimethyl-4-propylhexane CH3 CH3 6 5 4 3 2 1 H3C CH3 H3C 4-ethyl-6,6-dimethylheptane CH3 CH3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 NOT