8th Grade Georgia Milestone Review QUESTIONSWITH COMPLETE 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/202, Exams of History

Download 8th Grade Georgia Milestone Review QUESTIONSWITH COMPLETE 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/202 and more Exams History in PDF only on Docsity! 8th Grade Georgia Milestone Review QUESTIONSWITH COMPLETE 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 1996 Olympic Games The Olympic Games were an international athletic event that occurs every four years; the 1996 Olympic Games were awarded to Atlanta in the state of Georgia; Georgia has benefited economically due to the games Jimmy Carter (B. 1924) only United States president from Georgia; Also a Georgia state senator and governor, and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize Dixiecrats A short-lived southern segregationist political party that formed in 1948 as a splinter of the Democratic Party Immigrant communities Communities that are made up of immigrants from the same country or those that speak the same language Reapportionment Part of a Supreme Court ruling that mandated congressional districts needed to be divided by population with each district having roughly equal number of voters Stagflation And economic term for a period when interest rates, inflation, and unemployment is high at the same time the economy is in a recession Strategic arms limitation treaty (SALTII) A 1979 agreement between the United States and the soviet union which sought to curtail the manufacture of nuclear weapons Two-party system A democratic form of government where two major parties dominate the political landscape 1946 Governors Race Also called the three governors controversy. Due to the death of the 1946 governor's race winner Eugene Talmage in recent changes to Georgia constitution , Three men had a legitimate claim to the office; The matter was settled by the Supreme Court in a special election in 1948. 1956 state flag Controversial flag that flew over Georgia from 1956-2001. The flag was controversial due to the flags prominent Confederate Battle emblem Albany Movement And organized civil rights protest led by the student nonviolent coordinating committee , whose primary objective was to desegregate the city of Albany, Georgia and the surrounding community Brown v. Board of Education (1954)- supreme Court cases that struck down but equal and mandated the desegregation of public schools Civil Rights Act (1964)-federal legislation that forbade discrimination on the basis of race and sex in hiring, firing, and promotion Hamilton Holmes (1941-1995)-one of the first African- Americans to integrate the University of Georgia; became successful doctor Charlayne Hunter (Gault) (b.1942)-one of the first African Americans to integrate to the University of Georgia; became a successful journalist Maynard Jackson (1938-2003)- first African American mayor of a major southern city (Atlanta) Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)- important civil rights leader winner of the Nobel Peace Prize Lester Maddox (1915-2003)-one of the last openly segregationist politicians in Georgia (governor) March on Washington (1963)- famous civil rights march led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.; the famous "I have a dream" speech was given at the march Benjamin Mays (1894-1984)- president of Morehouse College and mentor to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Sibley Commission (1961)- investigation by lawyer John Sibley to determine what should be done about integration in the state; though 60% of Georgians claim they would rather close the public schools then integrate, Sibley recommended that public schools desegregate on a limited basis Student Non- Violent Coordinating Commitee Civil rights organization by college students that urged non violent protests to gain integration; the group became more militant in the late 1960s Herman Talmadge (1913-2002)-segregationist Georgia governor and US senator; son of governor Eugene Talmadge Voting Rights Act of 1965 Prohibited states from imposing any voting qualifications on their citizens Ellis Arnall Governor of Georgia. Arnall was responsible for many important reforms, such as lowering the voting age to 18, helped African Americans gain equal rights, and get UGA accreditation. Ivan Allen Jr. Mayor of Atlanta who ordered city offices to desegregate and removed the "colored" and "white" signs from city hall. He brought in three of Atlanta's professional sports franchises: Braves baseball, Falcons football, and Hawks basketball. William B. Hartsfield William Hartsfield served 6 terms as mayor of Atlanta. Hartsfield was also progressive when it came to race relations within the city. Hartsfield played a major role in transforming an old speedway into Candler Field, the city's first airport. Battle of Kettle Creek (February 14, 1779)-small Revolutionary war battle in Georgia where patriot forces, led by Elijah Clarke, defeated 600+ loyalists; one of the few patriot victories in the state. Boston Tea party An act of protest that occurred in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773; A group of colonists dressed as Indians dumped 342 chests of tea in Boston Harbor to protect the tea act. Due to this action, the British instituted the Intolerable Acts to punish the colonists for their actions. Elijah Clarke (1742-1799)-Lieutenant Colonel of patriot forces who led the victory at the Battle of Kettle Creek. Constitution A written document that outlines a country's government Austin Dabney (1765-1830)- slave who fought and was wounded at the Battle of Kettle Creek; awarded his freedom and a land grant by the state for his heroics. Declaration of Independence Three part document that discusses natural rights, explains the wrongs committed by King George, and offers an official Declaration of Independence from England. First Continental Congress (1774)-The first convention of delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies that gathered to discuss the colonists' reaction to the Intolerable acts. Button Gwinnett (1735-1777)-Georgia signer of the Declaration of Independence; killed in a duel with Lachlan McIntosh. Nancy Hart (1735-1830)-Georgia Revolutionary war frontierswoman who's heroic actions led to the naming of a Georgia county in her honor. Lyman Hall (1724-1790)-Georgia signer of the Declaration of Independence; governor of Georgia. Intolerable acts A group of 5 acts issued by the British Parliament designed to punish the Massachusetts colony of the Boston tea party. Loyalists Colonists who are loyal to Great Britain Patriot A colonists who wanted to become independent from Great Britain Casmir Pulaski (1745-1779)- Polish nobleman who fought for the patriot cause; Was killed during the Siege of Savannah. Proclamation of 1763 Royal proclamation that forbade English colonists from settling newly acquired land west of the Appalachian Mountains. Preamble The beginning of a document that explains why the document exists in the case of the declaration of independence the preamble explains natural rights. Ratify To pass the legislature as a law Seven years war (1756-1763)-Global conflict between the European great powers; the French and Indian war was part of this larger conflict. Siege of Savannah (September 16, 1779-October 18, 1779) A failed attempt by the French and Americans to recapture Savannah during the revolution Sons of liberty A group established by Sam Adams in Boston, Massachusetts, to protest the stamp act and other English taxes. Stamp act (1765)-an act established by the British government to help repay the cost of the French and Indian war. This act was the first direct taxes placed on the colonies by the British government causing much protest amongst the colonists. The act, which placed a tax on all legal documents, newspapers, and other paper products, was repealed in 1766. Tories Another term for loyalist Bill of Rights The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution George Walton (1749-1804) The youngest of the Georgia signers of the declaration of independence; Georgia governor, and US senator Georgia Constitution of 1777 Georgia's first governing document which established a governor and General Assembly Atlanta Compromise Speech speech made by Booker T. Washington and the International Cotton exposition which called for blacks to become proficient in agriculture, mechanics, and commerce, and for whites to trust blacks and provide opportunities for them to be successful economically Atlanta Race Riot 48 hour riot in Atlanta caused by economic competition and false newspaper accounts of African- American men attacking white women; several African-Americans were killed during the riot Bourbon Triumvirate three powerful Georgia politicians (Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon) who dominated Georgia politics for over 20 years County Unit System a voting system that gave more power to Georgia's rural counties than urban ones Dubois, W.E.B. civil rights leader and college professor who fought for immediate social and political rights for African- Americans Felton, Rebecca Latimer Georgia writer, political activist, social reformer, and first female U.S. Senator Grady, Henry managing editor for the Atlanta Journal who promoted the concept of the "New South" Grandfather Clause disenfranchisement law that said if a person's father could vote before the Civil War they would be able to vote as well International Cotton Expositions a series of three large events (1881, 1885, 1895) established to display Atlanta's growth and industrial capabilities and to lure Northern investment to the region Jim Crow laws laws created by state legislatures to deny African-Americans citizenship rights Leo Frank Case trial where a Northern Jewish pencil factory manager was accused of murdering 13 year old Mary Phagan; found guilty of hte crime and sentenced to death, his sentence was later reduced to life due to additional evidence. However, a group of men calling themselves "the Knights of Mary Phagan" took Frank out of prison and lynched him in Marietta Literacy Test "The supreme law of the land." Written in 1787 at Philadelphia Convention to replace Articles of Confederation and create stronger central government. Outlines structure & power of 3 branches of national government. Oldest written constitution still in use (amended 27 times) Bill of Rights 1st 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution added after the Constitutional Convention; created to gain support of anti-Federalists; guaranteed rights of individuals and placed limitations on government Electoral College Another way the Founding Fathers built Separation of Powers and Federalism into our political system is the way we select our President. A body of electors chosen by the voters in each state to elect the President and Vice President of the U.S. The number of electors in each state is equal to its number of representatives in both houses of the U.S. Congress. Georgia currently has 16. William Few Georgia signer of the US constitution; supported a strong national government; served as one of the state's senators, a GA representative, and judge Sectionalism The belief that one part of the country is better than and more important than another. Missouri Compromise legislation passed by Congress in 1820 by which Maine entered the Union as a free state, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, and slavery was prohibited north of the southern border of Missouri in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase. Nullification the idea of voiding and not following national laws within a state. States' Rights Belief that the state's interests take precedence over the interests of national government and therefore should have final say. Compromise of 1850 This resulted in California entering the U.S. as a free state, and included the Fugitive Slave Act which required northern states to return runaway slaves to the south. Georgia Platform The document or proclamation issued by Georgia that accepted the Compromise of 1850, but agreed to resist if the North did not live up to its obligations or if it hindered slavery. Kansas-Nebraska Act Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and declared that those territories had right of popular sovereignty and could decide whether or not to allow slavery. Slavery The economy of Southern states was based on this institution. The invention of the Cotton Gin increased the need for this labor force. Secession (Secede) The act of pulling out or separating from the Union. South Carolina would be the first state to do this. Dred Scott Case 1857 Supreme Court case— Court ruled that slaves were not citizens and could not file lawsuits. The court also ruled that Congress could not make attempts to ban slavery in the territories. Abraham Lincoln Elected president of the United States in 1860. Sherman's March to Sea General Sherman went to Savannah to close off the Confederates ports. Stopping them from trading with Europe. Atlanta Campaign General Sherman burned Atlanta down to destroy the Confederates railroad system. Battle of Gettysburg Bloodiest battle of war. Turning point for Union army. Andersonville Prison in Georgia where Union soldiers died of starvation and disease. Black Codes Laws to prohibit former slaves progress Reconstruction Era Period after Civil War 13th Amendment Abolished Slavery 14th Amendment Citizenship to all born in United States 15th Amendment Right to Vote Freedman Bureau Government program to assist newly freed slaves. Provided food, education, and jobs. Sharecropping Landowner share crops produced on their land with workers as payment for farming Tenant Farming Landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. Emancipation Proclamation Executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863 to free all enslaved people in the rebellious states. Alexander Stephens Vice President of Confederate States of America. Politician from Georgia who opposed secession. KKK Ku Klux Klan. Former Confederate soldiers turned into terrorist against African Americans. Paleo Before 10,000 years ago. Nomadic tribe that used spears. Arachic 8000 B.C. to 1000 B.C. Used spears, drills, chipping tools, bone fish hooks, grooved axes, and had semi permanent shelter. Woodland 1000 B.C. to 1000 A.D. Created bow and arrow and pottery. Had small villages of dome-shaped huts and created burial mounds. Mississippian 700 A.D. to 1600 A.D. Larger villages with more advanced permanent shelters. Great farmers who also buried their dead. Smallpox Disease brought by Europeans that killed thousands of Native Americans. Hernando De Soto First European explorer in Georgia. 1540 Spanish sailer on quest for gold. Spanish Mission Settled in Florida and Latin America on quest for GGG- God, Gold, Glory. Convert Native Americans into Christians. French Exploration Settled in Lousiana and Canada. Major suppliers to Fur trade.. English Exploration Settled in North America. Merchantilism system. Exporting more than importing. James Oglethorpe Founder of Georgia and First Governor Charter of 1732 Outlined in detail the reasons for Georgia's settlement and rules for the colonists. King George II King of England signed charter for Georgia Charity, Economics, Defense Reasons for Georgia charter Tomochichi Leader of Yamacraw Indians Mary Musgrove Translator between Tomochichi and James Oglethorpe