Analyzing the Character of Esther in the Orphan Movie, Schemes and Mind Maps of Art

Download Analyzing the Character of Esther in the Orphan Movie and more Schemes and Mind Maps Art in PDF only on Docsity! A MAJOR CHARACTER ANALYSIS OF ORPHAN MOVIE A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Strata 1 (S1) MILAWATY 200502600555 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah, the most gracious, the most merciful. Praise and gratitude are give to Allah SWT, the God almighty and God of universe that has provided an abudance of grace and fortune to the author so she can finish her thesis. Thanks and praise also to our lord great prophet Muhammad SAW. On this occasion, the writer also would like to say a special thank to her beloved parents for Mr. Ruhimat and Mrs. Nurjanah for their full financial and spiritual support during her study and the process of making thesis. Also to her beloved friend Fauzan Kabir, Deti and Hafit, who have given great support to the writer during her college. Especially, the writer would like to thanks Mr. Moh. Supardi, S.S, M. Hum, who always advised and guided the writer to finish this paper. Without his advice, the writer cannot make this paper in the right form. he has given a lot of advices and time to correct the paper. also for the patient and his kindness to be an advisor although the writer a long time to finish it. The writer would lake to say thanks to some persons who have many helped to do this research until finish. Namely; 1. Dr. H.Wahid Hasyim, M.Ag. as a dean of faculty of Letters and Humanities. 2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd. as the Head of English Department. 3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum. as the secretary of English department. 4. All of lecturers in Letters and Humanities faculty for giving their knowledge to the writer during her study. 5. All her friends in letters Department, they are Erlina, Laila, Susanti, Debi, Munazarudin, Deni, Didin, Daus, Pisca, Farida, and all her friends who can not be mentioned one by one. (You are all my best friends that she ever has in the world, she will miss you all). For everybody who has given support and motivation to the writer in accomplishing this research. I hope our Allah will always give his blessing for us. Amien. The writer Milawaty vi APPROVEMENT A MAJOR CHARACTER ANALYSIS OF ORPHAN MOVIE A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for The Degree of Strata 1 (S1) MILAWATY 20502600555 Approved by: Moh. Supardi, M. Hum Advisor ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTEMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2011 ii LEGALIZATION Name : Milawaty Nim — : 200502600555 Title : A Major Character Analysis Of Orphan Movie The thesis has been defended before the faculty letters and humanities examination comittee on July 26, 2011. It has been accepted as a partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of strata one. Jakarta, September, 23, 2011 The Examination Committee Signature Date Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd = (Chair person) NIP. 196407101993031006 Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum (Secretary) NIP. 197810032001122002 Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum ( Examiner I) NIP. 19798012620031222002 Ummi Kultsum, M.Pd ( Examiner II) NIP. 197908112009122001 iii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Film is a media, a media that to be the channel as a place for everything flows. Film encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special affects. Films are cultures and in turn effect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating or indoctrinating citizens. The visual element of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.' According to oxford dictionary that film is a series of moving picture theater recorded by sound that tells a story, shown on television or at the cinema/moving theater. Film is not always as an entertainment but also recognized as an art form. Boggs and Petric says “the tremendous expense involved in producing motion picture reminds us that film is both industry and an art film. Film also employs the compositional elements of the visual arts.° One of the characters in movie that the writer wants to analyze is the character of Esther in Orphan movie as a major character of a movie directed by Jaume Collet-Serra. Esther is an innocent young girl who adopted by a couple, | Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, film accessed in july 28, 2011 “ Oxford Advanced Learner’ s Dictionary (UK:Oxford University Press, 2006),p.96 > Boggs,joseph M.and Petric, Dennis W.The Art of Watching Film, 5" edition.(New York: Mayfield Publishing Company, 2000). P.3 John and Kate at the local orphanage, as soon as the tragic of their unborn child has devastated. It is not a long period, she has killed members of family and makes a horror at the home. Unpredictable, Esther changes become a sadistic girl. What happened with her? It has known, she has a rare hormone disorder. It is called hypopituitarism. It causes proportional dwarfism. She only looks like a child, but not for fact. condition in which an animal or plant is less than normal in size and lacks the capacity for normal growth. Dwarfism is deliberately produced and perpetuated in certain species (e.g., in breeding miniature dogs and cultivating dwarf plants). Among humans, dwarfism usually results from a combination of genetic factors and endocrine malfunction. In the case of Orphan movie it relates to Esther character that has lack of capacity for normal growth. So, it causes her character as an evil person. Definition of hypopituitarism is function in an endocrine gland due to failure of pituitary gland to secrete hormones which stimulate that gland’s function. Both have relationship to Esther character which is evil to people when they disturb her world.* The movie starts with a strained situation when Kate is born, bund unfortunately she lost her baby, the child has devastated. The situation at home is getting strained because of coming Esther. Their children become frightened because of the cruelty that Esther done. It makes the audience curious not to stop watching. This film also makes us realize that it is important to care and keep our family from the unpredictable violence from others outside. * WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM akses on july 29 2011 B. Focus of the Study Based on the background of study, the writer will focus in analyzing the Major characters of Esther in Orphan movie directed by Jaume Collet-Serra. C. Research Question Based on the research of the study, the problem that may appear in this research: 1. How is Esther Characterized in the Orphan Movie? D. The Objective of Research The objective of this research is to know the characteristic of Esther in Orphan By Jaume Collet-Serra. E. Research Methodology 1. Method The method of this research uses descriptive-qualitative in analyzing the major characters of this movie, the writer uses the definition of character. 2. Data Analysis The data of this research will be analyzed qualitatively based on the character approach. First, the writer gives the description of each data such as picture, dialogue, and text. Second, the writer analyses the main character based on the characters definition. 3. Research Instruments The instrument of this research is the writer herself by reading and watching Movie Orphan. 1) Stock Character Stock characters are minor characters whose actions are completely predictable or typical of their job or profession. Thus they serve as a natural part of the stage properties like a lamp or a chair might function in a play. 2) Static And Developing Character Static characters remain essentially the same throughout the movie. The action does not have an important effect on their lives (as might generally be the case with the hero of an action or adventure movie). Furthermore, static characters are almost essential to comedy and developing characters are essential to serious drama. Meanwhile, developing characters are deeply affected by the action of the plot (internal and external or both) and undergo some important change in personality, attitude, or outlook on life as a result of the action or the movie began. 3) Flat and Round Characters Flat characters are two dimensional, predictable who lack the complexity and unique qualities associated with physiological depth. While, round characters are three dimensional character complex enough to be able to surprise the reader without losing credibility.” Characterization through appearance is viewing the great deal to do with casting since the minute viewers usually see most actor on the screen, they make certain assumption about tem because of their facial features, dress, physical build " Ibid. p.95 7 and mannerism and the way they move, it’s called as characterization through appearance. Than the characterization through the dialogue, characters in film naturally reveal a great deal about themselves by what they say and they say it in other words, the values of character could be interpreted through their word choice when they talk to others characters. Even appearance is an important measure of a character personality, but the reflections of appearance are often misleading. So another aspect that could be considered is their in facing some situation, its kind of characterization through external action. The reactions of other characters are also influence viewers in interpretation the characterization of certain character. Although the character in the movie commonly is defined as the fictional human being, sometime character refers to something beside people. The character may thing or anything that possess certain qualities. It can be concrete or abstract ones. As Gass state: * “Mountains are character in Malcolm Lowry’s Under the Volcano, so Is the ravine, a movie, mescal, or a boxing poster. A symbol like the Cross can be a character. An ideas or situation (The anarchist in the Secret Agent, bomb ready in his pocked), or a particular event, an Obsessive thought, a decision (Zeno’s, for instance, to quit smoking or a passion, a memory, the weather, Gogol’s overcoat-anything, indeed which serves as a fixed point, like a stone in a stream or that soap in Bloom’s pocket, function as a character.” For having those certain qualities, Sutton (1971) divided character into some classifications, flat or round and statistic or dynamic. Character is often describe as being flat or round, static or dynamic. A flat character is not fully developed. The writer may reveal only one or two personal traits. On the other hand, a round character is a very ® Willian H. Gass, The concept of thr character in fiction, Ed. Michael J. Hoffman (London: Duke University press, 1998) p. 272 8 complex individual, more like someone in real life with several facets in his personality. A static character is one of who does not really change in the progress of the story; he is the same person at the end as he was in the beginning. But a dynamic character does change psychological. According to the statement, since the flat and static character is resembled that they do not have progress during the story, it is mean that flat character are nearly static but round character is not only dynamic. Nevertheless, a round character can be static if during the story he does not develop. In this case, the author only focuses his work to the major character. Therefore, the will undergo some important change such as the personality, the attitude, or the point of view of life as the result of the action in the story. On the other side the character which does not have significant changes in the story are called the static character.’ B. Characterization Characterization just like writer has been said above, that character has certain trait following them called characterization. There are many ways to know the characterization’s analysis in the film. The characterization can be understood through several ways: 1. Characterization through appearance How the actor look and what kind of clothes he wear is the main aspect of the characterization. These aspects can de displayed with one of mise-en-scene. The techniques use to arrange everything in the film in order to make meaningful frames or shot. The aspects of mise-en-scene are lighting, setting, color, costume ° Joseph M. Boggs, The art of watching film 3th ed., (Calofornia: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1991), p.53. 11 There are many definitions of character available; here the writer lists only three important and essential ones as below: 1. A character is an imaginary person that lives in a literary work. Literary character may be major or minor, static or dynamic.'” 2. A character is some one in literary work who has some sort identity (it does not need to be a strong on), an identity which is made up by appearance, conversation, action, name and possibly thoughts going in the head.'* 3. A character is any person who appears in a work of fiction. Accurately, a fictional character is the person of conscious entity we imagine to exist within the world of such work.” It can be concluded for some definitions above, that a character is any person, personal, identity, or entity that exists in a literary work. Additionally, characters may be human, supernatural, mythical, divine, animal, or personifications of an abstraction. Character can be known through the way the author portrays in literary works. In such a dialogue, action, and commentary, the author implies the existence of a character. "” Robert Dianne, 2001, Literature Reading fiction, poetry, and drama Singapore: Mc Grew Fill Companies, p.1447 'S Richard Gill, 1995, Mastering English Literature, (London: McMillan Master Series), p. 127 www. Wikipedia. Com. .orghvikiffictional character, accessed 10/03/2009 CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS A. Data Description 1. Summary of The Story According to the book “the art of watching movie” by Joseph M. Bogg, he claims that the developing characters in a movie are deeply affected by the action of the (internal and external or both) and undergo some important change in personality, attitude, or outlook on life as a result of the action of the movie began. Developing characters are found in essential to serious drama.'* Orphan the power of imagination which is directed by Jaume Collet-Serra. It is told that there is a couple Kate and John who have been passing through difficult period in their life. They are still in condolence because Kate has undergone imperfect pregnant. It has made Kate little bit shocked, depressed and drunk alcoholic drinking water. Kate attitude affects to her relationship to her husband, John becomes worse. To take the night mare out off their life. They try to get the way to do it. They, finally, decide to adopt a child. So they go to an Orphanage. There, they met Esther. Esther is sweet and smart kid but she had got the worst past time. The first adoption family was dead in fire chronological. It has been only Esther, the one who got save from that accident. The first time Kate and John met Esther, they love her directly. They are interested in her because she is smart in singing and painting. In the other side, '§ Joseph M. Bogg (1991), op.cit p.54 12 Table 2 List of Esther Characteristics 15 Corpus Time Characteristics John: Are all these paintings yours? Esther : Yes, do you like them? John : They’re remarkable, Esther : Thank you! 0: 15: 43 Talented Esther is very shy, reserved and sensitive girl 1: 02: 02 Introvert Put it out of its misery. It’s in pain and it’s your Did you kill it? I didn’t think it would hurt him. responsibility. Tt was just an accident. If you walk away now, It’ll starve to death. Is that what you want? I’m not doing it? It’s all right. It’s in heaven now. What’s wrong with you? 0: 29: 54 Sadistic Tell me what you saw? I saw you and max in the tree house. What do you mean? What else what did you see? I didn’t tell anyone, if I find out that you are laying III cut your hairless little prick off before you even figure out what is for. Do you understand me? You pissed yourself. 0:59: 45 Aggresive She Tricked family here in Esthonia when she failed to seduce her father, she killed him and those all family 1:23:49 Trickcy B. Data Analysis Based on data description above, the writer takes the data analysis about Esther character in Orphan especially used characteristics theory. 16 These data analysis are explanation of the data description above that explained based on the data collected by the writer. 1. The Characteristics of Esther a. Esther is a talented girl Orphan is the suspenseful movie. It is a horror movie that tells Esther, a young girl. Esther wants to kill John’s family because Esther has a rare hormone disorder. It’s called hypopituitarism Physical. Physical examination findings may be normal in subtle presentations. Patients may present with features attributable to deficiency of target hormones, including hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, hypogonadism, and failure to thrive that causes proportional dwarfism She was born as Leena Klamer in 1973, the beautiful young girl with sharp nose, brown eyes and long black hair. She had passed her life in dwarfism, but it did not make her talent disappeared. She is the most talented girl that drives her to adapt and communicate to people around her even though she looks introvert. And then she changes her name as Esther. All her talents had driven to get adoption of a family in Esthonia for the first time. But she underwent her life without any happiness there because she loved to her step father but it did not come true, then she burnt all family there because of her disappointment. Saarne Institute of Russia had gotten her hospitalized because of abnormal attitude, but she could get free from there. She, then, arrived at St. Mariana 17 Orphanage bringing the unforgettable signs her wrist and neck. That’s way she used to cover of them any time. Here, for the first time, she finds out her new life. She meets and gathers with John Coleman Family. The first time they meet, they are talking about Esther talent of paint. Figure 1 Esther is a talented girl The picture above clearly depicts about Esther first meeting with John Coleman family. Esther and John are talking about her talent in painting. The dialogue below supports what the picture showed above, between John and Esther. John Esther John Esther John Kate Esther Kate Esther : Are all paintings yours? : Yes, do you like them? : Remarkable. : Thank you. : She painted all these. : Really, these are fantastic. These are really wonderful. : Thank you. : Where did you learn how to do this? : I’ve just had lots of time to practice. 20 Kate : Esther, come on we gotta go! Kate : Sweetheart, this isn’t really a school dress. Esther —: But I like it. Don’t you think it’s pretty? Kate : Yes, it’s so beautiful. Esther —: You're afraid the other children will laugh at me. (Orphan Movie, 0: 27: 23) It says that Kate is so care about Esther to release her introvert becomes confident. Praise is the way for Kate to make Esther confident when she wears different looking of uniform. Her introvert caharacter previously shown when she met John for the first time in mariana orphanage at the time when John leaves the bathroom and goes to look for Kate, but stops when he hears the sound of a girl singing. He follows the singing and sees a young girl sitting alone in a room, painting. Jon begins to walk away, when the girl suddenly greets him. Jon steps into the room and the girl introduces herself as Esther, and John begins to look through her paintings. They are extraordinary, since Esther seems so young. John asks Esther about the painting she is working on, and Esther says that each of her paintings tell a story and that in her current painting, a mother lion is sad because she can't find her cubs. Jon asks why the mother lion is smiling, and Esther says that it's because she is dreaming of her cubs. John hopes that she finds them, and Esther says she will and begins to paint in the lion cubs. What happened above, it says that Esther is introvert girl. She does not interact with another child in the orphanage. It is also shown when Esther gets in the school, her friends always insulted her. The next day at school, Esther is passing down the hall at the same time as Danny and Tyler. Tyler comments that 21 Danny's "sister" is a total spaz, but Danny says that she isn't his sister and purposely knocks a book out of Esther's hands. As Esther kneels to pick up the book, Brenda comes along and picks it up for her. When Brenda sees that the book is a Bible, she holds it up and calls Esther a "Jesus-Freak." Esther tries to take the Bible from Brenda, but it soon falls to the floor and the pages scatter everywhere. Esther panics and rushes to pick them up, while a group gathers and begins to laugh at her. Brenda reaches to pull off the ribbon around Esther's neck, but becomes startled when Esther screams and kicks until everyone is silent. Danny is extremely weirded out. Esther is screaming as though she were possessed. c. Esther considered as sadistic girl. Her negative behavior that is showed when she kills a bird by using stone was shot by Daniel. This never been guessed before by them, how cruell she is. Figure 4 Esther killed a bird by stone Esther : Did you kill it? Daniel — : I didn’t think it would hurt him. Esther Daniel Esther Daniel Esther Daniel 22 : Put it out of its misery. It’s in pain and it’s your responsibility. : It was just an accident. : If you walk away now, it will be starved to death. Is that what you want? : I’m not doing it? : It’s all right. It’s in heaven now. : What’s wrong with you? (Orphan Movie, 0: 29: 54) The conversation above shows about the sadistic character of Esther. She says something to faith Daniel by killing bird. She said to Daniel that the bird was in pain if he didn’t kill it. Max bear witnesses to what Esther has done. It makes Daniel and Max felt so sad and shocked about Esther attitude. Her negative behavior also showed to Brenda who used to be underestimated her at the school time. One day when Brenda walked alone, Esther spied from behind and walked after her, till at the play tool she made Brenda in dangerous by pushing her down from the slide of play tool. Figure 5 Esther pushes Brenda from slide 25 Figure 8 Figure 9 Esther scares Daniel Esther burns Daniel The pictures above depict the murder trial and scary of Daniel that is done by Esther. In the eighth picture Esther tries to scare Daniel by putting knife on his neck and face while in the ninth picture Esther tries to murder Daniel by burning him. It only has made Daniel scare, worry, and wounded. It does not finish yet, Esther keeps on trying to murder Daniel when he is being hospitalized, because the first trial was failed. It works because no one knows about what she has done except Max. Here, Kate cannot stand anymore of expressing her bad feeling about Esther. This makes John takes conclusion that Kate get traumatic because of imperfect born baby named Jessica. 26 Figure 10 Esther tries to kill Daniel at the hospital The tenth picture above depict about Esther trying to kill Daniel at the hospital. She really wants to kill Daniel because he is the one who wants to disturb her sadistic attitude to others. Her action has been detected by Kate but John do not believe that Esther done it. John considers that Kate regain her traumatic when she was born imperfect baby named Jessica. d. Esther as Tricky Girl The real identity of Esther is uncovered when Kate confirmed about Esther to the university where Esther took education and got reply from academic cavity there. It was told that she was a genius girl who has gotten the cummlaude mark in science but it is nobody knows that she has something wrong in her life that makes people in a danger. As wise word said that look can be deceiving, Esther always hide in her innocence. It is shown when Sister Abigail will say something to John and family about who Esther is. 27 As Kate and Jon speak with Sister Abigail about the accident of Brenda, Esther panics and goes to Max's room and tells her that a "mean lady" is coming to take her away and asks Max for help, and Max agrees. They sneak into Jon's office and begin to search around for the keys to the padlock to the tree house; Max finds some keys and hands them off to Esther. Esther uses the keys to unlock Jon's safe, where she finds a gun, partially loads it and points it directly at Max's forehead and asks Max if she wants to play. Max, clearly frightened, shakes her head and Esther lowers the gun. Max and Esther rush to the bridge that isn't far from the house and they know Sister Abigail's car will pass it. Esther tells Max to stand in front of Sister Abigail's car and wave her hands to get her to stop, but Max is nervous. As Sister Abigail comes driving along, Max is frozen with fear and refuses to move. Having enough, Esther pushes Max onto the road and Sister Abigail slams on the brakes and her car swerves off the road. Sister Abigail climbs out of her car and rushes to a hysterical Max. Sister Abigail asks Max if she is okay, but a shadow looms over her and Sister Abigail looks up, just as Esther beats on her head with a hammer. Sister Abigail is bleeding and unconscious, but Esther knows she will probably wake up soon. She pulls Max to her feet and tells her to stop crying. Esther forces Max to help her move Sister Abigail's body before another car comes along. They push her body down a hill, but Sister Abigail regains conscious and tries to climb back up. Esther grabs the hammer and beats Sister Abigail until she is pretty bloody and definitely dead. Esther takes a traumatized Max up to the tree 30 Figure 12 Esther tries to pursuit John Esther : I don’t want to be alone. I’m scared. I love you Dady. John: You too, honey. Esther : I really love you. John: I know. Esther : John, let me take care of you. John: What are you doing? What’s gotten into you? What’s going on? Esther : You said you love me. John: You are so confused. You know that? I don’t love you like that. That’s the way Kate and I love each other. You understand? Esther : I don’t see that. Ido. I just feel like ’'m alone sometime in respecting you. I don’t Think anyone ever thinks about what you might be feeling. I really care about you John. John: Yeah, I know Esther. Esther : You’re a good person, John. You are a great father and Hand some Man. (Orphan Movie, 1: 36: 20) The picture and conversation above shows that Esther is an aggressive girl. She tells that she loved him like the way he loved Kate. It means that Esther wants to be admitted as like Kate, a wife. But John never loved her, because he considers her as adopted child. His feeling and saying made Esther angry and she directly opens up her identity, as it has been known Ether is not young girl like she appeared recently, that has been long in secret and she tries to murder him. 31 John never guessed before that Esther would do thing like that. It is supported by many pictures of her creation that indicate her desire to have sex to a man. John, finally, has just believed in what Kate said all about Esther action that becomes a caution of everything in danger including Daniel. F. Esther asa Brutal Girl When John is still in confused about what he has just seen in Esther room, he is shocked by coming of Esther taking knife in her hand. Esther stabs him unpredictably and repeatedly when Esther expresses her anger. It seems he cannot do anything to get off the Esther stabbing. John is bleeding because of that stabbing and crying because of getting hurt in his body. John’s dead body is laying down the floor. But Esther is not satisfied yet, she still wants to kill another family’s member, Max and Kate. Figure 13 Esther kills John 32 The thirteenth pictures above depict about Esther is brutality killing John because she fails to persuade him to be her dream and future husband, not only John who get murdered but also his mute daughter, Max and her wife are almost in murdered. Esther is so upset and feels that she cannot get happiness in her life. This is because John refused her persuasion. The end of the story is ended by Esther death because she is murdered by Kate. It is happened when Kate wants to save her mute daughter, Max and it has been done on the surface of Ice outside of Kate house. This view makes Max more afraid to the situation and she cries. There is no more Esther dream because her dream dives with her diving body inside of snow water, her insight see nothing to the faraway sky. Everything she has done such as killing Daniel, Abigail, loving to John Coleman, and trying to kill Max, also what she had done to the family before she had met coleman family were useless, because they meet the failure. It is different from Max and Kate’s feeling, they are happy because the situation is better even if people who had lived for years around them passed away. They must run their live without people who have been loved for years. For Max, her father, John Coleman was the man who could guide her family in happiness and rightness. And for Kate, John and Daniel were royal husband and good son. BIBLIOGRAPHY Boggs, Joseph M. and Petric, Dennis w. The art of watching Films. Edition. Newyork: myfield publishing company, 2000. Boggs, Joseph M. The Art of Watching Films Third Edition. California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1991, pp 53-55 Dianne, Robert. Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama Singapore. Mc Grew fill Companies. 2001, p 1447 Dictionary of Film Terms. The Aesthetic Companion to Film Analysis. New York: Frank E. beaver, 2010 Farkhan, Muhammad, Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra, Jakarta: Cella, 2007 Foresman, Scoot. Literature For Composition San Fransisco Scott Foresman Company, 1988. Gass. William.H. The Concept of The Character in Fiction, Ed. Michael J. Hoffman London: Duke University Press, 1997, p. 272 Gill, Richard. Mastering English Literature. London McMillan Master Series. 1995, p.127 Hunberg, Advanced, oxford learnes dictionary. Uk: Oxford university pres, 2006. James H. Pickering and Jeffry D.Hooper. Concise Companion to Literature New York Mac Milan. Publishing co, inc, 1981 p.28 ff Sutton, Larry M.. Journey: An Introduction To Literature. Boston: Holbrook Press, inc, 1971 p.5 http://en . wikipedia. Org/wiki/fictional character http:// www. wikipedia.com. 10/03/2009 hittp://wikipedia.com. The tree encyclopedia, films Orphan Movie, directed by Jaume Collet-Serra in 2009. 35 Figure | Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 LIST OF PICTURES