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Household Allocation of Time in Labor Economics, Study notes of Market economy

This document from ec340 labor economics course at boston college discusses the theory and illustration of a household's time budget, where time is allocated among reserve, leisure, market hours, and home production. The household maximizes utility by choosing goods and leisure based on market wages and home production costs.

Typology: Study notes

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Uploaded on 08/30/2009

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Download Household Allocation of Time in Labor Economics and more Study notes Market economy in PDF only on Docsity! EC340 Labor Economics Woods College of Advancing Studies, Boston College 4.18 A Theory and Figure for Household Allocation of Time Professor Ware Page 51 Edited: 23-Mar-04 Printed: 14-Feb-07 EC340 Handout d 4.18 Allocation of Time: Households also allocate their Time per Day to production of goods and services at home, designated Home Production, using capital and labor services supplied by members of the household. The householdโ€™s Time Budget is โ€ฆ (1) Time (T) = Reserve + Leisure Demand + Market Hours + Home Production 24 = 8 + L + M + H โ€ฆ where, as before, the household reserves a fixed number of hours per day (here, 8 hours) for โ€œpure leisure activities;โ€ but it now allocates the remaining time among (a) hours used for home production, designated H, such as rearing children, preparing meals, or mowing a lawn, plus (b) hours offered to labor market activities, designated M, at a fixed (real) unit wage of w per hour, plus (c) hours of additional leisure, L. Home Production is represented by an ordinary production of the form, Home = Home(K,H), in which the marginal productivity of capital services, K, supplied by the household and labor hours allocated to home production, H, are positive but (eventually) diminishing. Market work is an alternative to home production and, therefore, a household would allocate time to market work only if the marginal product of (leisure) time converted to market work (MPMT = w) is greater than the marginal product of (leisure) time used in home production (MPHT ). Here is an illustration of utility maximizing choices for a representative household choosing Goods (purchased in markets with nonearned income, Nonearn, and/or Wage Earnings, w*M, or produced at home) and Leisure. This household incurs Work Costs, WC (either WC1 or WC2), that are paid from wage earnings. Goods (H) โ”‚ (I) Max: U = U(Goods,L) (O) Goods = Nonearn + Home(K,H) + w*M - WC โ”‚ (M) Time (T) = Reserve[8] + L + H + M = 24 (F) (J) โ”‚ โ”‚ (N) U(Goods,L)=62 โ”‚ ~ โ”‚ โ”‚ U(Goods,L)=44 โ”‚ โ†“WC2 โ†“WC1 โ”‚ (K) โˆ†Goods โˆ†Home โˆ†Earn โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€” = Max(โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€” , โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”) Rw Rw โˆ†T โˆ†H โˆ†M (G) (WC=0) โ”‚ Rw โ”‚ Hours Allocation (P) (Z) Constraint U-Max L Home Market LF (1) C-D-E-F (No Work) N L 1 >0 H 1 >0 M 1 =0 No (2) C-D-E-K-H (WC=0) J L 2 >0 H 2 >0 M 2 (H 2 โ€“L 2 )>0 Yes (3) C-D-E-K-G-I (WC1>0) M} L 3 >0 H 3 >0 M 3 (H 3 โ€“L 3 )>0 Yes Nonearn (E) (D) โ”‚ N L 1 >0 H 1 >0 M 1 =0 No (4) C-D-E-K-P-O (WC2>0) N L 4 >0 H 4 >0 M 4 =0 No โ”‚ โ”€ โ”€ (A) โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€Mโ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€Jโ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ Nโ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€Kโ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ E โ”€ โ”€ โ”€ [8]โ”€ โ”€ (C) (1a) โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’L 1 (No Market Work) 16 Leisureโ†’ (1b) H 1 โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ†0 H โ†Home (2a) โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ L 2 (No Work Costs) 16 Leisureโ†’ (2b) โ†“ H 2 โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ†0 H โ†Home (2c) โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ M 2 (H 2 โ€“L 2 ) โ† โ† โ† โ†“ 0 M Market (3a) โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’L 3 (WC 1 >0) (โ€œReservation WC 1 โ€ ) 16 Leisureโ†’ (3b) โ†“ H 3 โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† 0 H โ†Home (3c) โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ M 3 (H 3 โ€“L 3 )โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ†“ 0 M Market (4a) โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’ โ†’L 4 (WC 2 >0) 16 Leisureโ†’ (4b) H 4 โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ† โ†0 H โ†Home
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