Attitudes and Characteristics of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Exams of Economics Concepts for Engineers

Download Attitudes and Characteristics of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and more Exams Economics Concepts for Engineers in PDF only on Docsity! ABA Concepts Final Exam Review Study Guide Questions and Answer 2024 Update. 1. What reflects the highest level of scientific understanding, and allows scientists to know that one event causes another event? - Correct answer Control 2. Attitudes of Science: Define, objectively observe, and measure phenomenon - Correct answer Empiricism 3. Attitudes of Science: Choose the most simple explanation for a phenomenon - Correct answer Parsimony 4. Attitudes of Science: Why scientific knowledge evolves and mistakes are discovered - Correct answer Replication 5. Attitudes of Science: When we manipulate an independent variable and measure possible effects on a dependent variable - Correct answer Experimentation 6. Attitudes of Science: Continuously questioning the validity of all scientific knowledge - Correct answer Philosophical Doubt 7. Attitudes of Science: Events are not random - Correct answer Determinism 8. Behavior which is elicited by preceding stimuli and also referred to as a reflex - Correct answer Respondent Behavior 9. B.F. Skinner's history of radical behaviorism ______(did/did not) include private events - Correct answer Did not 10. Characteristics of ABA: Procedures are written in sufficient detail so that others may replicate them - Correct answer Technological 11. Characteristics of ABA: The behavior must be measurable - Correct answer Behavioral 12. Characteristics of ABA: Interventions are derived from basic principles of behavior - Correct answer Conceptual 13. Characteristics of ABA: Focuses on socially significant behaviors that have immediate importance to our clients - Correct answer Applied 14. Characteristics of ABA: Behavior changes last over time and appear in new environments - Correct answer Generality P a g e 1 | 9 15. Characteristics of ABA: Noticeable changes are made - Correct answer Effective 16. Characteristics of ABA: Demonstrate experimental control over the occurrence and non- occurence of the behavior - Correct answer Analytic 17. What is the most useful way to describe stimuli, according to behavior analysts? - Correct answer Functionally 18. In operant conditioning, the future frequency of a behavior is determined primarily by what? - Correct answer It's history of consequences 19. What alters the value of a consequence as a reinforcer or punisher? - Correct answer Motivating operation 20. This type of reinforcer and punisher vary from person to person, depending on learning history - Correct answer Conditioned 21. A discriminated operant is a behavior the occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than others. (True/False) - Correct answer True 22. What is the most important principle of Applied Behavior Analysis? - Correct answer Positive Reinforcement 23. Positive reinforcement is defined as the _____________ of a stimulus dependent on a response which ____________ the future probability of that response - Correct answer Addition; increases 24. Positive reinforcement os responsible for the increase of a response if the presentation of the stimulus is given when? - Correct answer Immediately 25. An establishing operation does what to the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer? - Correct answer Increases it 26. An abolishing operation does what to the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer? - Correct answer Decreases it 27. Is temporal relation (timing) or logical connection of a reinforcer more important to the response it follows? - Correct answer Temporal relation 28. When categorizing reinforcers by their formal properties, playing a game of basketball would be considered primarily what? - Correct answer Activity 29. What helps us identify what could be a potential reinforcer? - Correct answer Stimulus preference assessment P a g e 2 | 9 56. (True/False) Motivating operations are environmental variables that have value-altering and behavior-altering effects - Correct answer True 57. Regarding unconditioned motivating operations (UMO), are both value-altering and behavior-altering effects learned or unlearned? - Correct answer Learned 58. Name examples of unconditioned motivating operations for humans - Correct answer Food, water, pain, oxygen 59. Establishing operations have what type of effect on behavior? - Correct answer Evocative 60. Abolishing operations have what type of effect on behavior? - Correct answer Abative 61. What is the highest test of stimulus equivalence? - Correct answer Transitivity 62. A child says "kitty" when she sees a kitten and not when she sees a puppy. What is this an example of? - Correct answer Stimulus discrimination 63. A child says "kitty" when she sees a kittens that are brown, orange, black, tiny, and large. What is this an example of? - Correct answer Stimulus generalization 64. When stimulus control has been established but the learned response is not emitted - Correct answer Masking 65. When some stimulus has prevented the development of stimulus control in the first place - Correct answer Overshadowing 66. When Lorie is lost in the parking garage, she is more likely to press the red button on her key that sounds her car alarm. Being lost increases the value of the red button, which functions as a what? - Correct answer Transitive CMO 67. Regarding imitation, the imitative behavior does not need to immediately follow the model (True/False) - Correct answer False 68. What is the best evidence of a controlled relation between a model and the imitative behavior? - Correct answer A novel model evokes an imitative response 69. Pre-arranged antecedent stimuli are called what? - Correct answer Planned stimuli 70. Antecedent stimuli that occur in everyday social interaction are called what? - Correct answer Unplanned stimuli P a g e 5 | 9 71. What dimensions of behavior can be shaped? - Correct answer Duration, frequency and latency 72. Results of shaping are usually achieved how quickly? - Correct answer Slowly and over time 73. When the topography of a behavior is changed during shaping, we are shaping how? - Correct answer Across response topographies 74. When the topography of a behavior does not change and we are shaping a dimension of a behavior, we are shaping how? - Correct answer Within response topographies 75. Except for the first and last responses of a behavior chain, every response serves as a _______________ _______________ for the previous response, and as a _______________ ______________ for the next response - Correct answer Conditioned reinforcer; discriminative stimulus 76. (True/False) Verbal cues, physical guidance, and models may be added to a shaping procedure to enhance efficiency - Correct answer True 77. How long does it take to learn a chain? - Correct answer It varies by length and complexity 78. (True/False) Some characteristics of behavior chains include that behaviors must occur in a particular sequence and they must occur in close temporal succession - Correct answer True 79. Extinction is a type of punishment because the future rates of behavior decrease when using extinction procedures (True/False) - Correct answer False 80. A procedure in which the teacher reinforces a behavior that cannot possibly occur at the same time as the behavior targeted for reduction - Correct answer Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) 81. What types of behaviors can be placed on extinction? (as in behaviors maintained by this) - Correct answer Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, automatic reinforcement 82. (True/False) Extinction refers to when reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued - Correct answer True 83. A dog is reinforced with praise and petting, but the behavior became annoying. The praise and petting ceased and the behavior stopped. What is this an example of? - Correct answer Extinction P a g e 6 | 9 84. A dog receiving a verbal reprimand from day one results in a decrease in the behavior. What is this an example of? - Correct answer Positive punishment 85. Behaviors decrease gradually when using what? - Correct answer Extinction 86. Behaviors decrease quickly when using what? - Correct answer Punishment 87. A procedure in which a teacher reinforcers a desirable alternative to behavior targeted for reduction - Correct answer Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) 88. It can be important to let parents and teachers know that behaviors may get worse before they get better when reinforcement is withheld for a preciously reinforced response - Correct answer Extinction burst 89. A procedure, also known as omission training, that involves delivering reinforcement when a behavior targeted for reduction has not occurred for a specific amount of time - Correct answer Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) 90. What are the three types of antecedent interventions? - Correct answer Functional communication training (FCT), Non-contingent reinforcement (NCR), and high- probability request sequence 91. (True/False) Antecedent interventions involving stimulus control involve changing antecedent events while behavior change strategies based on motivating operations involve changing the availability of reinforcement - Correct answer False 92. Non-contingent reinforcement may be effectively applied with behaviors that have what contingencies of reinforcement? - Correct answer Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, automatic reinforcement 93. High probability request sequence is a behavior change tactic in which a series of easy to follow requests are present rapidly followed by a low probability request (True/False) - Correct answer True 94. Jackson exhibited 3 aggressive behaviors during a 60-minute observation period. Based on this data, which should his initial non-contingent reinforcement interval schedule be? - Correct answer 10-15 minutes 95. (True/False) The first step in functional communication training is to identify the function of the maladaptive behavior using an FBA - Correct answer True 96. (True/False) Functional communication training works by eliminating the establishing operation that was originally evoking the maladaptive behavior - Correct answer False P a g e 7 | 9