Attitudes and Characteristics of Science and Applied Behavior Analysis, Exams of Economics Concepts for Engineers

Download Attitudes and Characteristics of Science and Applied Behavior Analysis and more Exams Economics Concepts for Engineers in PDF only on Docsity! ABA Concepts Final Exam Review Study Guide Questions and Answer 2024 Update. What reflects the highest level of scientific understanding, and allows scientists to know that one event causes another event? - Correct answer Control Attitudes of Science: Define, objectively observe, and measure phenomenon - Correct answer Empiricism Attitudes of Science: Choose the most simple explanation for a phenomenon - Correct answer Parsimony Attitudes of Science: Why scientific knowledge evolves and mistakes are discovered - Correct answer Replication Attitudes of Science: When we manipulate an independent variable and measure possible effects on a dependent variable - Correct answer Experimentation Attitudes of Science: Continuously questioning the validity of all scientific knowledge - Correct answer Philosophical Doubt Attitudes of Science: Events are not random - Correct answer Determinism Behavior which is elicited by preceding stimuli and also referred to as a reflex - Correct answer Respondent Behavior B.F. Skinner's history of radical behaviorism ______(did/did not) include private events - Correct answer Did not Characteristics of ABA: Procedures are written in sufficient detail so that others may replicate them - Correct answer Technological Characteristics of ABA: The behavior must be measurable - Correct answer Behavioral Characteristics of ABA: Interventions are derived from basic principles of behavior - Correct answer Conceptual Characteristics of ABA: Focuses on socially significant behaviors that have immediate importance to our clients - Correct answer Applied Characteristics of ABA: Behavior changes last over time and appear in new environments - Correct answer Generality Characteristics of ABA: Noticeable changes are made - Correct answer Effective Characteristics of ABA: Demonstrate experimental control over the occurrence and non- occurence of the behavior - Correct answer Analytic What is the most useful way to describe stimuli, according to behavior analysts? - Correct answer Functionally In operant conditioning, the future frequency of a behavior is determined primarily by what? - Correct answer It's history of consequences What alters the value of a consequence as a reinforcer or punisher? - Correct answer Motivating operation This type of reinforcer and punisher vary from person to person, depending on learning history - Correct answer Conditioned A discriminated operant is a behavior the occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than others. (True/False) - Correct answer True What is the most important principle of Applied Behavior Analysis? - Correct answer Positive Reinforcement Positive reinforcement is defined as the _____________ of a stimulus dependent on a response which ____________ the future probability of that response - Correct answer Addition; increases Positive reinforcement os responsible for the increase of a response if the presentation of the stimulus is given when? - Correct answer Immediately An establishing operation does what to the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer? - Correct answer Increases it An abolishing operation does what to the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer? - Correct answer Decreases it Is temporal relation (timing) or logical connection of a reinforcer more important to the response it follows? - Correct answer Temporal relation When categorizing reinforcers by their formal properties, playing a game of basketball would be considered primarily what? - Correct answer Activity What helps us identify what could be a potential reinforcer? - Correct answer Stimulus preference assessment What is a test that shows is whether something is actually working as a reinforcer? - Correct answer Reinforcer assessment Name examples of unconditioned motivating operations for humans - Correct answer Food, water, pain, oxygen Establishing operations have what type of effect on behavior? - Correct answer Evocative Abolishing operations have what type of effect on behavior? - Correct answer Abative What is the highest test of stimulus equivalence? - Correct answer Transitivity A child says "kitty" when she sees a kitten and not when she sees a puppy. What is this an example of? - Correct answer Stimulus discrimination A child says "kitty" when she sees a kittens that are brown, orange, black, tiny, and large. What is this an example of? - Correct answer Stimulus generalization When stimulus control has been established but the learned response is not emitted - Correct answer Masking When some stimulus has prevented the development of stimulus control in the first place - Correct answer Overshadowing When Lorie is lost in the parking garage, she is more likely to press the red button on her key that sounds her car alarm. Being lost increases the value of the red button, which functions as a what? - Correct answer Transitive CMO Regarding imitation, the imitative behavior does not need to immediately follow the model (True/False) - Correct answer False What is the best evidence of a controlled relation between a model and the imitative behavior? - Correct answer A novel model evokes an imitative response Pre-arranged antecedent stimuli are called what? - Correct answer Planned stimuli Antecedent stimuli that occur in everyday social interaction are called what? - Correct answer Unplanned stimuli What dimensions of behavior can be shaped? - Correct answer Duration, frequency and latency Results of shaping are usually achieved how quickly? - Correct answer Slowly and over time When the topography of a behavior is changed during shaping, we are shaping how? - Correct answer Across response topographies When the topography of a behavior does not change and we are shaping a dimension of a behavior, we are shaping how? - Correct answer Within response topographies Except for the first and last responses of a behavior chain, every response serves as a _______________ _______________ for the previous response, and as a _______________ ______________ for the next response - Correct answer Conditioned reinforcer; discriminative stimulus (True/False) Verbal cues, physical guidance, and models may be added to a shaping procedure to enhance efficiency - Correct answer True How long does it take to learn a chain? - Correct answer It varies by length and complexity (True/False) Some characteristics of behavior chains include that behaviors must occur in a particular sequence and they must occur in close temporal succession - Correct answer True Extinction is a type of punishment because the future rates of behavior decrease when using extinction procedures (True/False) - Correct answer False A procedure in which the teacher reinforces a behavior that cannot possibly occur at the same time as the behavior targeted for reduction - Correct answer Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) What types of behaviors can be placed on extinction? (as in behaviors maintained by this) - Correct answer Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, automatic reinforcement (True/False) Extinction refers to when reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued - Correct answer True A dog is reinforced with praise and petting, but the behavior became annoying. The praise and petting ceased and the behavior stopped. What is this an example of? - Correct answer Extinction A dog receiving a verbal reprimand from day one results in a decrease in the behavior. What is this an example of? - Correct answer Positive punishment Behaviors decrease gradually when using what? - Correct answer Extinction Behaviors decrease quickly when using what? - Correct answer Punishment A procedure in which a teacher reinforcers a desirable alternative to behavior targeted for reduction - Correct answer Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) It can be important to let parents and teachers know that behaviors may get worse before they get better when reinforcement is withheld for a preciously reinforced response - Correct answer Extinction burst A procedure, also known as omission training, that involves delivering reinforcement when a behavior targeted for reduction has not occurred for a specific amount of time - Correct answer Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) What are the three types of antecedent interventions? - Correct answer Functional communication training (FCT), Non-contingent reinforcement (NCR), and high- probability request sequence (True/False) Antecedent interventions involving stimulus control involve changing antecedent events while behavior change strategies based on motivating operations involve changing the availability of reinforcement - Correct answer False Non-contingent reinforcement may be effectively applied with behaviors that have what contingencies of reinforcement? - Correct answer Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, automatic reinforcement High probability request sequence is a behavior change tactic in which a series of easy to follow requests are present rapidly followed by a low probability request (True/False) - Correct answer True Jackson exhibited 3 aggressive behaviors during a 60-minute observation period. Based on this data, which should his initial non-contingent reinforcement interval schedule be? - Correct answer 10-15 minutes (True/False) The first step in functional communication training is to identify the function of the maladaptive behavior using an FBA - Correct answer True (True/False) Functional communication training works by eliminating the establishing operation that was originally evoking the maladaptive behavior - Correct answer False What properties of language refer to topography? - Correct answer Formal properties of language What properties of language refer to the causes of the response? - Correct answer Functional properties of language (True/False) Verbal behavior is behavior that is reinforced through the meditation of another person's behavior - Correct answer True (True/False) Verbal behavior may be non-vocal - Correct answer True Elementary Verbal Operants: Labeling something you see - Correct answer Tact