Abnormal Behavior Problems - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Psychology

Download Abnormal Behavior Problems - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! ADHD and Learning Disorders Abnormal Behavior Problems Docsity.com Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) • What comes to mind when you hear ADHD? Docsity.com ADHD Prevalence and Course • 4% to 12% • Boys:girls 3:1 to 8:1 • 68% continue in adulthood • Persistence of inattention – Decline in hyperactivity/impulsivity Docsity.com Comorbidity • ODD/CD • Learning Disorders • Depression • Anxiety • Bipolar Disorder Docsity.com Associated Features • Academic failure/underachievement • Peer rejection, low self-esteem • Occupational underachievement – Fired, job change • Disorganized • Smoking, drug use • Car accidents, tickets Docsity.com Treatment of ADHD • Stimulants – 90% response – Helpful with impulsive aggression – Not addictive if used appropriately – MTA • Environmental – Parent Education – Structured environment Docsity.com Over/Under-Diagnosed? • Increase in diagnoses • Disorder du jour • Political decisions • Community-based studies • Treatment adherence Docsity.com Evolutionary Advantage? Better Athletes? • Cognitive deficits • Fidgety, impulsive • Social deficits • Evidence from motor studies Docsity.com Defined • No universally accepted test or battery of tests – Discrepancy between IQ and achievement • “Wait to fail” standard • High reliance on exclusionary criteria for Diagnosis Docsity.com Prevalence • The overall prevalence of LD is estimated to be between 2 and 10% – Approximately 5% of children have identified LD in public schools Docsity.com Figure 1 Percentage of Children Identified as Manifesting the Most Common Disabilities in the Years 1977 through 1993 Percent -- oe. --#.. 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U R A B-U-T. S A 3-L 2 C U! I-L B U-R-S 4-F-R N F-R. I M 2 O-L 4 U. L! U-R O-D-S! N U R S-N-9. F U R B-Z, I-L 1 O-A. M-N-U-L S N-C-Q-R. E S N N-L-S-S. S N-L-S-S-T S N-2-8-F N Y-S. I F D Q-R! D N Docsity.com Decoding • Why was the man’s name? • What did he think of the woman? • What kind of Dr. was he seeing? • What was the woman’s excuse? Docsity.com Comprehension • `Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe: All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. • "Beware the Jabberwock, my son! The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch!" Docsity.com Comprehension • `Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. Docsity.com Comprehension • Why was the Jabberwock killed? • What else was there to beware of? • What kind of tree did he rest by? Docsity.com Diagnosis • What does the discrepancy standard boil down to? – 1-2 standard deviations below mean • Specific Skills assessments • Other contributing factors – Home and school environment, attention Docsity.com Treatment • Remediations – Resolving underlying difficulties • Compensations – Bypass the problem • Keyboarding, changing expectations, strategies Docsity.com Treatment • Sound-Based Strategies – Phonics, Phonemic Awareness, Letter-sound relationships • Remove the “cuh” sound from cart • Whole language – Decoding through context, emphasis is on comprehension and fluency Docsity.com NVLD (Non-verbal Learning Disorder) • Not recognized by DSM • Many have multiple etiological insults rather than developmental conditions • Prevalence approximately 1-10% of LD children • Should this be recognized as a specific disorder? Docsity.com