Understanding Personality Disorders: Definitions, Clusters, & Gender Differences, Quizzes of Abnormal Psychology

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TERM 1 Personality DEFINITION 1 Patterns of traits, coping styles, and ways of interactingEmerge in childhoodCrystallize into established patterns later in adulthood TERM 2 State DEFINITION 2 Expression of personality related to specific circumstances or clinical condition TERM 3 Trait DEFINITION 3 Specific and characteristic ways in which someone approaches the world TERM 4 5-Factor Model (Traits) DEFINITION 4 ExtraversionNeuroticismConscientiousnessAgreeablenessOpenness to Experience TERM 5 Defining Personality Disorders DEFINITION 5 Behaviors must be: -Persistent -Pervasive -Pathological TERM 6 Personality Disorder (Men vs. Women) DEFINITION 6 Men are more likely to have: -paranoid, obsessive-compulsive and antisocial PDWomen are more likely to have: -borderline, dependent, and histronic PD TERM 7 Cluster A DEFINITION 7 paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypalseem odd or eccentric"weird" TERM 8 Cluster B DEFINITION 8 -histronic, narcissitic, antisocial and borderline-dramatic, emotional and erratic-"wild" TERM 9 Cluster C DEFINITION 9 -avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive-anxiety and fearfulness-"worried" TERM 10 Cluster A: Paranoid Personality Disorder DEFINITION 10 suspiciousness and distrust of others -> interpersonal difficultieschronically tense and on guardpreoccupied with doubts about loyalty of friendsreluctant to confide in othershold grudges, refuse to forgive, quick to react with angernot usually psychotic TERM 21 Cluster C: Dependency Personality Disorder DEFINITION 21 Extreme need to be taken care ofClinging and submissive behaviorAcute fear of separation/having to be aloneBuild lives around other peopleFail to get appropriately angry with others -> fear of losing supportDifficulty in making everyday decisions -> lack self-confidence TERM 22 Cluster C: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder DEFINITION 22 Highly perfectionistCareful attention to rules, order, schedulesDevoted to work (to the exclusion of leisure activities)Rigid, stubborn, coldNo true obsessions or compulsions as seen in OCD TERM 23 Psychological vulnerabilites of young children DEFINITION 23 Have not yet developed stable sense of identityImmediate threats perceived as disproportionately importantLimited perspectives lead to unrealistic concepts to explain eventsMore dependent on othersLack of experience in dealing with adversity TERM 24 ADHD DEFINITION 24 Types: Inattentiveness Hyperactivity/impulsivity CombinedMost commonly diagnosed in elementary schoolOften comorbid with conduct, mood, anxiety and learning disorders TERM 25 ADHD: Inattention DEFINITION 25 Failure to attend to detailDifficulty attending to tasksDoes not seem to listen when spoken toDoes not follow through on instructionsDifficulty organizing tasks/activitesAvoidance/reluctance to engage in tasks which require mental effortEasily distractedForgetful TERM 26 ADHD: Hyperactivity/ Impulsivity DEFINITION 26 Fidgets/squirmsTalks excessivelyOften leaves seat in classroomRuns/climbs excessively"Driven by a motor"Blurts out answersDifficulty awaiting turnInterrupts or intrudes on others TERM 27 ADHD: Pharmacological Treatment DEFINITION 27 Use of stimulant medication (i.e. Ritalin, Adderall)Side effects: Disruption of growth hormones Emotional problems Insomnia Appetite disturbance TERM 28 ADHD: Psychosocial Treatments DEFINITION 28 Behavioral therapy techniquesBehavioral parent trainingClassroom trainingSocial skills trainingIntensive summercamps TERM 29 Oppositional Defiant Disorder DEFINITION 29 Majority comorbid with ADHDNearly half progress into conduct disorder (CD)Medication alone successfulParent Management training TERM 30 Learning Disorders DEFINITION 30 Reading: DyslexiaMath: DyscalculiaWritten expression: DysgraphiaCompare performance to abilityTreatment: Happens in schools/specialized classes TERM 31 Elimination Disorders DEFINITION 31 Enuresis: Bed/clothing wetting Primary: Never been under control (most common) Secondary: Lost control after a period of being under controlTreatment: Alarms or medicationEncopresis: Passing feces in inappropriate placesTreatment: Enemas & laxatives, behavioral intervention TERM 32 Homosexuality: Causal Factors DEFINITION 32 Genetic 50-60% for females 30% for malesExposure to prenatal hormones (*most empirically supported)Older brother effectEnvironmental influences TERM 33 Paraphilias DEFINITION 33 Intense/persistent interests other than normal sexual interestTwo groups: Anomalous target- nonhuman objects, children Anomalous activity- suffering or humiliating, fire- settingCompulsive quality (4-10 times/day) TERM 34 Anomalous Target Preference DEFINITION 34 Fetishtic disorderNon-living objects or non-genital body parts (ex. underwear, feet)Transvestic disorderReccurent and intense sexual arousal that results from cross- dressingPedophilic disorderReccurent or intense sexual urges & arousing fantasies with prepubescent children TERM 35 Anomalous Activity Preference DEFINITION 35 Exhibitionist disorder: Flashing or masturbating in front of an unsuspecting personFrotteuristic disorder: Rubbing or touching against a non-consenting personVoyeuristic disorder: Seeing and unsuspecting person naked, undressing or engaging in sexual activitySexual masochism disorder: Being humiliated, beaten, bound, or made to sufferSexual sadism disorder: Inflicting pain or humiliation on another