Exploring Personality Theory: Social Learning, Humanistic Approach, and Personality Traits, Exams of Psychology

Download Exploring Personality Theory: Social Learning, Humanistic Approach, and Personality Traits and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! 1 1 Exam Results 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 A B C D E 2 Social Learning / Social Cognitive 3 Reciprocal Determinism Person factors (cognitive) Environmental influences (Situation) Overt Behavior 4 Humanistic Perspective Based in understanding and acceptance of one's own existence and responsibility. Phenomenological reality - one’s conscious understanding of his/her world 5 Abraham Maslow 6 Strengths of Humanistic Theory Focus on the positive. Easily fits in with other perspectives. Face validity 2 7 Weaknesses Lack of concrete treatment approaches. Can’t help people with severe pathology. Inaccurate view of human nature. Difficult to test empirically. Hard to test 8 Biological Approach Cortical arousal and the Ascending reticular system – Introverts versus extroverts. Behavioral approach system (BAS) versus Behavioral inhibition system 9 10 Personality as Adaptation Maybe it’s nothing Advantages of being different – diversity of offspring – occupying alternative niches Family environment – sibling contrast – birth order differences Gender differences 11 Sex Differences in Personality Women are more: – trustworthy – extraverted – anxious – tender-minded/nurturant Men: – more assertive – have slightly higher self-esteem 12 The Origins of Personality Heredity: biological relatives tend to resemble each other more than adoptive relatives or unrelated persons. Unshared environment: aspects of the environment that differ from one person to another 5 25 MMPI Validity Scales 4 scales designed to determine whether respondent is presenting self accurately. – L scale measures whether people are trying too hard to present self in a positive light. “I smile at everyone I meet” (T or F) “I read every editorial every day” (T or F) 26 ©1999 Prentice Hall 27 How to Measure Personality? 1) Objective Tests – Are people accurate? 2) Projective Tests 28 Projective Tests Rorschach Inkblot Test 29 Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Used to measure achievement motivation. Person is asked to tell a story about the “hero” in the picture. – A projective test 30 How to Measure Personality? 1) Objective Tests – Are people accurate? 2) Projective Tests 3) Implicit Personality Tests 6 31 3) Implicit Personality Tests Emotional Stroop Test: – Some words represent possible sources of concern or anxiety. – Pauses will occur on words of “concern” 32 Does personality change over time? 33 Effects of Age “For most of us, by age 30, the character has set in plaster and will never soften again.” -- William James, 1890 After age 30, people are more consistent 34 Consistency of Traits over Time The older a person is, the more consistent his or her personality is over time. Increased consistency as people age can be observed cross-culturally. Anxiety levels appear to be increasing over the past few generations. 35 Predictive Value of Traits