ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND, Exams of Nursing

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ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 ORDA is commonly seen in children with a) Absence seizures b) Febrile Seizures c) Focal Seizures d) Benign Rolandic Epilepsy - Correct Answers ✅a) Absence seizures Which activity does NOT typically cause an attenuation of the posterior dominant alpha rhythm in the normal adult? a) Light sleep b) Having the patient solve a math problem with eyes closed c) Having the patient open their eyes d) Relaxed wakefulness with eyes closed - Correct Answers ✅d) Relaxed wakefulness with eyes closed Photoparoxysmal response: a) Sub-harmonic pattern b) EEG response to light with spikes, spike-wave discharge and/or intermittent slow waves. c) EMG artifact time locked with flash frequency ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 d) Occipital pattern linked with flash rate - Correct Answers ✅b) EEG response to light with spikes, spike-wave discharge and/or intermittent slow waves. What type of response to photic stimulation is characterized by generalized spike- and-wave discharges continuing after the last flash? a) Photoelectric b) Photoparoxysmal c) Photic recruiting d) Photomyogenic - Correct Answers ✅b) Photoparoxysmal During hyperventilation, a 9-year-old patient develops generalized 100 - 300 microvolts slowing. If, within thirty seconds post hyperventilation, the record returns to its prehyperventilation state, the reaction would be a) compatible with a seizure disorder. b) a normal response to hyperventilation. c) suggestive of a metabolic disturbance. d) suggestive of a tumor. - Correct Answers ✅b) a normal response to hyperventilation. ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 b) a family history of seizures c) metabolic coma d) syncope - Correct Answers ✅b) a family history of seizures What is a sub harmonic response to photic stimulation? a) Photic driving at half the speed of the flash rate b) An abnormal response to the photic stimulation c) Photic driving at the exact frequency to the flash rate d) Photic driving double the speed of the flash rate - Correct Answers ✅a) Photic driving at half the speed of the flash rate Which of the following procedures can be considered to be a "non-standard" activation: a) Sleep b) Listening to music c) Eyes open/closed d) Photic stimulation - Correct Answers ✅b) Listening to music ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 An EEG obtained during sleep is of most value in which condition? a) Vascular diseases b) Space occupying lesions c) Psychiatric disturbances d) Complex partial seizures - Correct Answers ✅d) Complex partial seizures Which of the following would be considered an abnormal EEG presentation to photic stimulation? a) Photoparoxysmal b) Photoelectric c) Photomyogenic d) Photic driving - Correct Answers ✅a) Photoparoxysmal A 7 year old female presents with spells of "spacing out" reported by teachers at her school. Of the following, which activation procedure is of most importance in assisting with diagnosis? a) Sleep deprivation b) Hyperventilation c) Sleep ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 d) Photic stimulation - Correct Answers ✅b) Hyperventilation Atypical Photic Response a) Photomyogenic Driving b) Photic Driving c) Harmonic Driving d) Delta Driving - Correct Answers ✅d) Delta Driving Photic stimulation should be performed a) During sleep b) With light 24" away from patient c) During hyperventilation d) While awake - Correct Answers ✅d) While awake An asymmetric photic driving response right greater than left is: a) A common finding b) Seen only in Absence seizures c) Indicative of severe cerebral dysfunction ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 What could be the cause for a build-up of slowing several minutes after the hyperventilation has been completed? a) CVD b) Moyamoya disease c) Focal lesion d) Patient continues to hyperventilate - Correct Answers ✅b) Moyamoya disease Photic light should be how far from a patient's eyes? a) 12 inches b) 3 inches c) 6 inches d) 24 inches - Correct Answers ✅a) 12 inches What is the first thing that should be done when trying to eliminate 60 Hz artifact? a) Change the HHF settings b) Hide channels with artifact c) Turn on notch filters ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 d) Attempting to eliminate the technical issues - Correct Answers ✅d) Attempting to eliminate the technical issues Regarding eye movement artifacts, which of the following is true? a) Vertical eye movements are seen maximally at FP1 and FP2, while horizontal eye movements are recorded best at F7 and F8. b) The eyeball acts as a dipole, with a negative pole anteriorly near the cornea, and a relative positivity posteriorly near the retina. c) Placement of infraorbital eye leads is of little or no clinical utility in differentiating eye movements from cortical activity. d) With lateral conjugate eye movements the negativity is seen in the direction of the eye movement. - Correct Answers ✅a) Vertical eye movements are seen maximally at FP1 and FP2, while horizontal eye movements are recorded best at F7 and F8. What is the name of artifact that appears as a prominent R wave with positivity over the left posterior quadrant of the head and can resemble spikes? a) Respiration artifact b) Chewing artifact c) Lateral eye movement artifact ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 d) ECG artifact - Correct Answers ✅d) ECG artifact Glossokinetic artifact a) Biological b) Mechanical c) External d) Instrumental - Correct Answers ✅a) Biological Glossokinetic a) Eye Movement b) Tongue Movement c) Chewing d) Head movement - Correct Answers ✅b) Tongue Movement An EEG shows eye blink and muscle artifact. What is the likely state of the patient? a) Awake b) Drowsy c) REM ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 If 60 Hz artifact is present in two channels of an EEG tracing, the first step in troubleshooting should be to a) change high frequency filter to 15 Hz. b) switch to another power outlet. c) turn on 60 Hz filter. d) check electrode impedance. - Correct Answers ✅d) check electrode impedance. NON-PHYSIOLOGIC ARTIFACT a) EMG b) EOG c) Electrode d) Glossokinetic - Correct Answers ✅c) Electrode What should be the first reaction to 60 hertz artifact in one electrode? a) Turn on the 60 hz filter. b) Utilize the high filter. c) Change the montage. ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 d) Check electrode impedance. - Correct Answers ✅d) Check electrode impedance. 60 hertz filter a) Low Filter b) Notch Filter c) Muscle Filter d) Rapid Roll-off Filter - Correct Answers ✅b) Notch Filter If a patient starts to have a seizure during photic stimulation, the technologist should a) turn off EEG instrument. b) decrease stimulation rate. c) turn off photic stimulator. d) increase sensitivity. - Correct Answers ✅c) turn off photic stimulator. A patient has generalized tonic-clonic seizure during EEG recording. If one electrode is pulled off, which of the following is the primary responsibility of the EEG technologist? ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 a) Stop the recording and protect the patient from injury b) Stop the recording and fix the electrode c) Fix the electrode and then attend to the patient d) Protect the patient from injury and keep EEG running - Correct Answers ✅d) Protect the patient from injury and keep EEG running What is the most common frequency of sleep spindles? a) 10 Hz b) 5 Hz c) 12 Hz d) 14 Hz - Correct Answers ✅d) 14 Hz REM onset occurs a) 30 minutes after sleep onset. b) after age 17. c) 90 minutes after sleep onset. d) between n2 and n3. - Correct Answers ✅c) 90 minutes after sleep onset. ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 VERTEX WAVES a) Occipital b) Frontal c) Temporal d) Central - Correct Answers ✅d) Central Which of the following is characteristic of active sleep in a neonate? a) Regular respirations b) Absence of eye movements c) Frequent movements d) Trace alternant - Correct Answers ✅c) Frequent movements Sharp waves located at the vertex first indicate what state? a) Stage 2 Sleep b) REM c) Awake d) Stage 1 Sleep - Correct Answers ✅d) Stage 1 Sleep ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 NREM Stage 1 (N1) sleep is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: a) sleep spindles b) dropout of alpha rhythm c) slow rolling eye movements d) vertex waves - Correct Answers ✅a) sleep spindles HYPNAGOGIC HYPERSYNCHRONY a) is rarely present in 3 month old infants b) can be present during arousal state transitions, both prior to sleep and onset and following arousal c) is increasingly rare above the age of 5 d) in frequently associated with minimal brain dysfunction - Correct Answers ✅b) can be present during arousal state transitions, both prior to sleep and onset and following arousal EEG signs of normal drowsiness [NREM Stage 1 (N1) sleep] include all of the following except: a) alpha activity moves anteriorly ABRET - Activation Procedures, Effects on an EEG, & Sleep Stages Categories QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 b) bursts of generalized theta activity c) increased beta activity d) left anterior temporal delta activity - Correct Answers ✅d) left anterior temporal delta activity What waveform is seen in stage 2 sleep and during arousals, and contains 3 components: sharp, slow and fast? a) Vertex wave b) Spindles c) BETS d) K Complex - Correct Answers ✅d) K Complex The EEG finding during REM sleep: a) V-waves b) Spindles c) POSTS d) Saw tooth waves - Correct Answers ✅d) Saw tooth waves