Download Academic Writing Cheat Sheet (English) and more Schemes and Mind Maps English in PDF only on Docsity! Useful Phrases for Academic Papers *All rights to the publication of this page and its contents reserved by Wordvice®, a professional English editing company. Common Research Paper Phrases by Section 1. Abstract/Introduction/Literature Review Sections -X is the leading cause of lung cancer in western industrialized countries. -Xs are among the most widely used antiviral medications and… -X is a common disease characterized by… -The issue of X has received considerable critical attention -X is an increasingly important issue in experimental astronomy… -Xs are some of the most potent anti-coagulants that exist… -X is an important component in robotics and plays a key role in Y. -Recent developments in X have increased the need for… -Over the past fifty years there has been a steady increase in… -Traditionally, Xs have employed one type of model that… -In the last five years, there has been increasing public interest in… -Recently, researchers have increased their scrutiny of… -Since the late 1970’s research into X has experienced a boom… -One of the most important breakthroughs of the 1990’s was… -In the past decade, a number of studies have sought to determine… -Previous studies in this area of research have reported… -A considerable volume of literature has been published on X. -Xs were reported in the later models of Y (e.g., Pinot, 1998; Gregory, & Mustafa, 2002). -Jackson (2004: 154) demonstrates that past research into X was… Surveys such as those carried out by Jackson (2004) showed how… -However, these rapid changes are having serious effects… -Regardless of the progress in the area of X, the major problem of Y persists. -Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use. -Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of… -To date there has been no consensus on how… -Some observers have drawn attention to the conflict in… -The controversy regarding confirmation of X has raged unabated for many decades. -Debate continues about the best strategies for the management of… -Little information is understood about X or what key factors… -However, the relationship has not been strongly established … -What is not yet clear is the impact of X on … -Most studies in the field of X have only focused on … -Results of previous studies have proved inconclusive -The main purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of… -There are two central objectives of this study: 1.To investigate… 2. To determine… -The aim of this survey has been to try and ascertain what… -The goal of this study is to investigate the differences between…. -The purpose of this research is to examine the way in which … -The central question in this dissertation examines … -This study aimed to address the following questions: -In particular, this study will examine four main research questions: -A crucial research question of this study was thus whether… -The hypothesis that will be tested is… 2. Methods & Materials Section -This study was investigative and exploratory in nature. -The study was conducted in the form of a series of experiments, with data being gathered via… -This research takes the form of a case study of the… -Using quantitative measures, I attempt to examine the… -Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this study. -A longitudinal study was used to allow a wider sample of… -A qualitative method was avoided to ensure the accuracy of… -However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the use of… -The X approach has a number of useful features, including… -In order to identify the most responsive traits, the subjects were given… -To establish whether there were any mitigating factors… -For the purpose of measuring weight, all subjects stood… -Data for this study were retrospectively collected from… -Prior to undertaking this study, measurements were taken of… -Following this procedure, each sample was put in a… -The resulting compound was manually mixed in a flask so that… -Data analysis was carried out using Qiqqa 4. -Comparisons between the two groups were made using t-tests… -Using X-ray and focusing on X, it was possible to measure… -At intervals of 2 min, 50cc of X was dissolved into Y…. 3. Results Section -To account for these two possibilities… -The correlation between X and Y was tested and found to be… -The first group of analyses examined the effects of… -T-tests were used to determine the connection between… -As Table 4 shows, there is a clear trend of… -From the data in Figure 3.7, is can be seen that… -The differences between X and Y are shown in Table 2. -Data in this chart can be compared with those in Table 3, which… -There was a significant positive correlation between X and Y… -The results, as shown in Figure 25, indicate that… Objective: Establishing the importance of the topic Objective: Establishing the importance of the topic within a given time frame Objective: Giving a synopsis of the literature Objective: Highlighting a problem in the field of study Objective: Highlighting a controversy in the field of study Objective: Highlighting inadequacies of previous studies)] Objective: Stating the purpose of the study)] Objective: Identifying the research question or hypothesis Objective: Giving a synopsis of methods and sources of data Objective: Explaining why a method was used or rejected Objective: Describing the process using sequential words/adverbs Objective: Describing the process using instruments/detailed information Objective: Referring to aim or method of the study Objective: Highlighting data in a table, graph, or chart Objective: Giving positive/negative results Useful Phrases for Academic Papers *All rights to the publication of this page and its contents reserved by Wordvice®, a professional English editing company. -Post hoc analysis indicated that the two groups were… -There was no significant increase of X associated with… -No significant reduction in X was found compared with placebo. -None of the differences measured were statistically significant. -Only trace amounts of X were found to be present in… -Interestingly, X was shown to have… -Surprisingly, there was no correlation found between X and Y. -The most striking observation to emerge from the data analysis was… -The most striking finding of this experiment was… -Forty-six individuals returned the questionnaires… -Respondents were asked to indicate whether… -In response to the question “____?” 53 percent indicated that… -The majority of those who responded to this item said that… -Just under half of the participants expressed the belief that… -Together these results provide crucial insights into… -In summary, these results indicate that… -The results in this chapter point to…The next chapter therefore moves on to discuss… -Overall, these results imply that… 4. Discussion Section -As mentioned in the review of literature, there are many studies that… -One initial objective was to determine what kind of… -It was hypothesized that participants dealing with Alzheimer’s would… -In the review of the literature, little to no data was found to connect… -A strong relationship between X and Y was reported in the literature. -Surprisingly, X was found to have no additional DNA markers in the… -This finding was unexpected and suggests that there is… -Contrary to expectations, this study located no significant differences between… -One unanticipated finding was that X was… -These results match those mentioned in earlier studies of X…. -This finding further supports the argument that X is… -These findings corroborate the ideas of Jackson and Coll (2011), who maintained that…. -However, the findings of the current study are not consistent with previous research. -This result has not previously been described in similar studies. -These findings differ from Ronald’s 1994 estimate of X, but are broadly consistent with earlier studies. -There are several possible explanations for such a result. -Another possible explanation for this might be… -These differences can be explained in part by the colors of X and Y. -It seems likely that these results are in fact due to… -This discrepancy could be attributed to… -There are two likely causes for the differences between X and Y -Therefore, it is possible/probable/likely that X and Y are… -Hence, it could be hypothesized that… -This finding, while preliminary, suggests that X is an agent of… -The value of X suggests that a link may exist between… -These results help us to understand how X and Y are connected. -These results provide wider support for the hypothesis that… -One of the larger issues emerging from these findings is… -An implication of these findings is the potential for… -There is abundant space for further progress in analyzing… -At present, several questions remain unanswered. -A further study with more focus on X should be done to investigate… -Further studies of X that account for these variables need to be undertaken. 5. Conclusion (End of Discussion Section) -This study set out to determine that X had implications on… -In this investigation, the goal was to assess the efficacy of… -This paper argued that X was important in determining Y. -Further studies of X that account for these variables need to be undertaken. - Google Correlate: Uses web search activity data to find queries with a similar pattern to a target data series. (https://www. google.com/trends/correlate) -Wolfram Alpha: Computational knowledge engine that answers factual queries directly by computing the answer from externally sourced "curated data.” (https://www.wolframalpha.com/) -Virtual LRC.com: A Google alternative safe search engine for students offering information and reference sites: art, social sciences, social issues, social problems, history, biography, magazines, newspapers, encyclopedias, science, math, chemistry, biology, and dictionaries. (http://www.virtuallrc.com/arts/search/search.pl?Mode=Tips) -AcademicIndex.net: A scholarly search engine and web directory for college students. (http://www.academicindex.net/) -Digital Library of the Commons Repository: Provides free and open access full-text articles, papers, and dissertations. This site contains an author-submission portal; an Image Database; the Comprehensive Bibliography of the Commons; a Keyword Thesaurus, and links to relevant reference sources on the study of the commons. (https://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/) Additional Information and Resources (Editing, Journal Submissions, Academic Writing) www.wordvice.com/blog Objective: Reporting interesting or surprising results Objective: Reporting results from interviews, surveys, and questionnaires Objective: Summarizing and transitioning to new sections Objective: Referencing literature or research aim/question Objective: Stating unexpected outcomes Objective: Referencing previous literature that supports/undermines hypothesis Objective: Giving an explanation for the results Objective: Suggesting a general hypothesis Objective: Discussing wider implications Objective: Suggesting future work Objective: Restating the aims of the study)] Suggested Online Journal Search Tools and Resources