Professionalism and Ethics in Policing, Exams of Law

Download Professionalism and Ethics in Policing and more Exams Law in PDF only on Docsity! Academy 58 TCOLE Study Guide Weekly Exam 1 Professionalism - Correct answer Earliest meaning comes from professing the vows of a religious order. Act of professing. Oxford Dictionary - Three learned professions, divinity, law, and medicine. Webster's - Requiring advanced training in some liberal art or science. LEO not typically included in definitions, but LEO's are professionals by every definition of the word. Profess to know better than others in their specialty, not easily acquired. Characteristics of Professionalism - Correct answer Service to others, Assessment of needs, Knowledge obtained through extended pre-service education, Standards set for entry, practice, and ethical conduct, Association to maintain standards, continuing education & lifelong learning Police Legitimacy and Procedural Justice - Correct answer Meaning people have trust and confidence in the police, belief that officers are fair. Treating people with dignity and respect. Making decisions fairly, based on fact, not factors such as race. Giving people a "voice". Acting to encourage community belief they will be treated with goodwill. 4 Pillars of Procedural Justice - Correct answer Fairness & Consistency, Giving Voice to all Parties, Transparency, and Impartiality Fairness & Consistency - Correct answer First pillar of procedural justice. Perception of fairness driven by outcomes and fairness & consistency of the process used to reach those outcomes. Often, the outcome is less important, than the perception of the interaction itself. Giving Voice to all Parties - Correct answer Second pillar of procedural justice. All people want to be heard involving decisions that affect them. Having a voice regardless of actual control of situation helps them feel their opinions matter. Take them serious, and give some consideration to their concerns. Transparancy - Correct answer Third pillar of procedural justice. Transparency means the process in which decisions are made do not rely upon secrecy or deception. When officers are transparent, community members are more likely to accept the outcome, even if it is unfavorable to them. Impartiality - Correct answer Fourth pillar of procedural justice. Impartial and unbiased in decision making. Based on relevant evidence rather than on personal opinion, or guesswork. Americans are used to having instant answers, we want the facts. Misuses of Professionalism - Correct answer Many confuse professionalism with an image of an officer who is cool and aloof, showing no feeling. Used in context of sports as anyone who is paid for their work. Advantages of Professional Policing Model - Correct answer Public better served, Quality of peace officers, Ethical conduct, More effective problem solving, Stronger community support and respect, Stronger role in criminal justice system, More effective innovations, Financial rewards Disadvantages of Professional Policing Model - Correct answer Cost of training, Higher salaries for job, Limited entry into work force from poor because of limited opportunity for education, Moral/Ethical flaws which disqualify applicants • Moral Character - Possessing maturity, courage, and discipline to do what you know is right in situations of strong temptation or peer pressure. Moral Progress - Correct answer depends on willingness to improve consistency of ethical judgement and behavior Ethical Decision Making Model - Correct answer • Is it legal? • Is it permitted by your organization's code of conduct? • How would it be viewed? • Does your personal code of ethics approve? • Is it a true ethical dilemma? Do both choices appear to be right? Ethics in Client Relationships - Correct answer Relationships with people who are clients can be either positive or negative. Differences in priorities and values can complicate these relationships. If officers fail to hold themselves accountable in the same way offenders are, people will believe the officers' position and criminal justice as a whole are unjust. Ethics in Community Relations and Education Programs - Correct answer Peace Officers should maintain highest standards of personal and professional behavior. Serve the entire community, and never represent any particular group (impartiality). Maintain awareness of these goals and constantly work toward them. ••• Awareness is half the battle ••• Working Ethically with Other Criminal Justice Personnel - Correct answer Mutual respect and trust among criminal justice personnel is extremely important in achieving system goals. Objective Behavior - Correct answer Objectivity involves the expression or use of facts without distortion by personal feelings or prejudices (neutrality) Ability to be Objective - Correct answer Neutrality is learned and improved. Become aware of your feelings, prejudices, "blind spots", and other elements of personality, that is a giant step toward becoming objective. Objectivity - Neutrality in Personal Behavior - Correct answer Police officers stand out as representatives of the system even off duty. Standards in which they are judged are often higher than standard citizens even in their personal life. If biases influence decisions in their personal life, its likely to influence their professional decisions. Practicing objectivity in your personal life makes it easier to practice in professional life. Acceptance of Gifts - Correct answer The acceptance of gifts by a public servant could be problematic. ex. Money, Sex, Hotel Accommodations, Guns, Sporting Game Tickets, Liquor, Food etc. Conditions Associated with Gifts - Correct answer • Does it make a difference who offers the gift? • Does it make a difference when the gift is offered? • Does it make a difference why the gift is offered? • Does it make a difference where the gift is offered? Physical Courage - Correct answer State of mind that enables one to face danger with self-possession, confidence, and resolution; bravery; valor. Ex. Facing barricaded, armed subject Moral Courage - Correct answer Courage to take action for moral reasons despite the risk of adverse consequences. Moral courage involves deliberation or careful thought. Ex. Refusing gratuities, refusing to participate in cover-up, refusing to participate in ethnic or gender-based humor or jokes. Offenses Against Public Administration - Correct answer Bribery, Coercion of Public Servant, Improper Influence, Tampering with Witness, Obstruction or Retaliation, Acceptance of Honorarium, Gifts to Public Servants Penal Code Chapter 36 Definitions - Correct answer Custody - Detained or under arrest by a peace officer, or under restraint by a public servant pursuant to an order of a court. Party Official - Person who holds any position or office in a political party, whether by election, appointment, or employment. Benefit - Anything reasonably regarded as pecuniary gain or advantage, including benefit to any other person in whose welfare the beneficiary has a direct and substantial interest. Vote - Cast a ballot in an election regulated by law. Bribery - PC 36.02 - Correct answer Intentionally or knowingly offers, confers, or agrees to confer on another or solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept from another. Any benefit as consideration for recipient's decision, vote or recommendation. Felony of the second degree. Coercion of Public Servant or Voter - PC 36.03 - Correct answer If by means of coercion he: influences or attempts to influence a public servant in a specific exercise of his power or a performance Penal Code Chapter 37 Definitions - Correct answer Court Record - Decree, judgement, order, subpoena, warrant, minutes, or other document issued by a court. Governmental Record - anything belonging to, received by, or kept by government for information, including a court record, license, certificate, permit, seal, title, letter of patent, motor vehicle liability insurance form, official ballot. Statement - Any representation of fact. Perjury - PC 37.02 - Correct answer Make a false statement under oath or swears to the truth of a false statement previously made Class A Misdemeanor Aggravated Perjury - PC 37.03 - Correct answer Commits perjury and the false statement; is made during an official proceeding; and is material. Felony of the third degree. Material - PC 37.04 - Correct answer Statement made regardless of admissibility of the statement under the rules of evidence, if it could have affected the outcome or course of of an official proceeding. False Report to Peace Officer, Federal Special Investigator, Law Enforcement Employee Corrections Officer, or Jailer - Correct answer With intent to deceive, he knowingly makes a false statement that is material to a criminal investigation Class B Misdemeanor Tampering with or Fabricating Physical Evidence - PC 37.09 - Correct answer Alters, destroys, or conceals, any record, document or thing with intent to impair its verity, legibility, or availability as evidence in the investigation Felony of the third degree unless the thing altered, destroyed, or concealed is a human corpse, in which case its a Felony of the second degree. Tampering with Governmental Record - PC 37.10 - Correct answer Knowing makes a false entry in or false alteration of a governmental record; possesses, sells, or offers to sell a record, or a blank record. Class A Misdemeanor unless intent to defraud or harm anther, in which its a state jail felony. Penal Code Chapter 39 Definitions - Correct answer Law Relating to a Public Servant's Office or Employment - law that specifically applies to a person acting in the capacity of a public servant. Misuse - deal with property contrary. to an agreement under which the public servant holds the property Abuse of Official Capacity - PC 39.02 - Correct answer Intent to obtain a benefit or with intent to harm or defraud another: violates a law relating to the public servant's office, or misuses government property, services, personnel, or any other thing of value that belongs to the government. Class A Misdemeanor, Class C Misd up to $100, Class B Misd. up to $750, Class A Misd. up to $2500, State jail felony up to $30,000, Felony of the third degree up to $150,000, felony of the second degree up to $300,000, felony of the first degree over $300,000 Official Oppression - PC 39.03 - Correct answer intentionally subjects another to mistreatment or to arrest, detain, search, seizure, dispossession, assessment, or lien that he knows is unlawful; denies or impedes in the exercise or enjoyment of any right, privilege, power, or immunity knowing his conduct is unlawful; or subjects another to sexual harassment. Class A Misdemeanor, except that an offense is a felony of the third degree acted with the intent to impair the accuracy of data reported to the Texas Education Agency Violations of the Civil Rights of Person in Custody; Improper Sexual Activity with Person in Custody or Under Supervision - PC 39.04 - Correct answer Denies or impedes a person in custody in the exercise or enjoyment of any right, privilege, or immunity knowing his conduct is unlawful; or engages in sexual contact, intercourse, or deviate sexual intercourse with an individual in custody. Class A Misdemeanor, Felony of the second degree if the individual is in the custody of the Texas Juvenile Justice Department or placed in a juvenile facility. Failure to Report Death of Prisoner - PC 39.05 - Correct answer Fails to investigate the death, fails to file a report as required, or fails to include the facts known or discovered in the investigation Class B Misdemeanor Misuse of Official Information - PC 39.06 - Correct answer In reliance on information to which the public servant has access the person; acquires or aids another to acquire pecuniary interest in • Relationship created a bond that made the officer feel an ownership of his work area. • American policing went through a "reform" era marked by contributions of such men as August Vollmer, whose goal was to bring professionalism to the police. Emergence of the present federal law enforcement system and the contributions of J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI. Policing from 1950 - 1970s - Correct answer • Technology continued to improve, with computers and communications gradually becoming commonplace. • Automobiles improved response time • Automobile and technology created a fast-paced service style, which further removed peace officers from constant citizen contact. • Professional police model developed with an emphasis on accountability and increased standards. Success measures such as response time, crime stats, and citizen complaints became indicators of police performance. •President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice stated in their opinion police personnel should have two or four years of college. • Evaluation research became a tool for success measurement. • Development of specialized units resulted in the removal of patrol officers from most follow-up activities. • Patrol system became an incident-driven approach in which police officers often became little more than report takers. • Police became controlled by the radio system, as a result, officers were required to answer calls in a larger area, further removing themselves from positive relationship and communication from the community Policing 1980 - Today - Correct answer • Technology continues to improve with computers, mobile devices, and weapons. • Development of community or problem-oriented policing has opened new potential for progressive policing in agencies using both the traditional model and the problem-oriented model. • Implementation of community or problem-oriented policing projects. • Ironically, professionalization of policing has resulted, very often, in emphasis on walking beats and citizen interaction. Evolution of Policing in Texas - Correct answer During Texas' 100 year as a province of Mexico, policing was handled by the Spanish military. This ended when Texas became a free republic after the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836. Texas Rangers - Correct answer Militia group originally formed by Stephen F. Austin to protect settlers from Indian and bandit raids. Later know as the Texas Rangers. Elected County Law Enforcement, Constables - Art. 5, Sec. 18 Texas Constitution - Correct answer In each county 50,000 or more population shall be divided into not less than 4 and no more than 8 precincts. 18,000 or more but less than 50,000 shall be divided into not less than 2 and no more than 8 precincts less than 18,000 shall be designated as a single precinct or, if the Commissioners Court determines that the county needs more than one precinct, shall be divided into no more than 4 precincts In each such precinct there shall be elected 1 Justice of the Peace and one Constable, each of whom shall hold office for 4 years provided the county population is less than 150,000. In any precinct in which there may be a city of 18,000 or more there shall be 2 elected Justices of the Peace, and in a county with a population of 150,000 or more each precinct may contain more than 1 Justice of the Peace court. Elected County Law Enforcement, Sheriffs - Art.5, Sec. 23 Texas Constitution - Correct answer There shall be elected by voters of each county a Sheriff, who shall hold office for 4 years. Municipal Law Enforcement - Type A General-law Municipality 341.001 Local Government Code - Correct answer Type A general-law municipality may establish and regulate a municipal police force. A police officer has: the powers, rights, duties, and jurisdiction granted to or imposed on a peace officer by the Code of Criminal Procedure. Municipal Law Enforcement - Type C General-law Municipality 341.002 Local Government Code - Correct answer Type C general-law municipality may appoint police officers that the governing body consider necessary and may define the duties of the officers. Philosophical Differences Between Community Based and Traditional Policing - Correct answer • Traditional Model is Incident Driven (reactive) • Community Based is Pro-Active and Co-Active • New role is more complex; Law Enforcer, Planner, Problem Solver, Community Organizer Who do we work for? - Correct answer The peace officer works for and serves the citizens of the community in which he is employed. Duty to protect and serve their community even to the point of placing their life at risk. Procedural Justice - Correct answer Legitimacy of the police is directly linked to public judgements about the fairness of the process. If the public judges that the police exercise their authority using fair procedures then the public will likely view the police as legitimate. Legitimacy - Correct answer Whether something is lawful, legal, or recognized by law. Police Legitimacy - Correct answer Community's view of whether police have acted legally and lawfully (perception) Four Principals of Procedural Justice - Correct answer 1. Give people a voice (listen) 2. Neutrality (be fair) 3. Respectful treatment (be respectful) /dignity 4. Trustworthiness comes from fair and transparent process (explain the reason for the decision or action) Aspects of Procedural Justice & Police Legitimacy Policing Model - Correct answer • Community/Individual Involvement - Give others a voice, people want to be heard and understood. The subject's perception is what's important. • Core Goals are Emphasized - Maintaining social order, preventing crime, ensuring constitutional rights, protecting and serving the public, etc. • Legitimacy is Increased - community's view and perception of the police. Procedural justice and legitimacy are greater officer safety, a lower level of resistance, acceptance of police decision, less use of "threats of force" for control. Values of Providing Quality Police Customer Service - Correct answer Quality driven police agency and its employees must consider themselves as a business venture in which a high degree of value is placed on quality customer service. Most desirable outcome of this concept is a well served community, and the agency is highly professional, respected service-oriented organization. Rewards of Providing Quality Police Customer Service - Correct answer Building of pride within the agency and community. Strong loyal support of the community day to day, and especially in times of critical need. Why look at police subculture? - Correct answer • To better understand the behavior of others and to allow for informed choices about one's own behavior • To understand public perceptions of police • To discover ways to change the organization's culture • Police bureaucracy and organizational structure shapes and molds young officers • Applicants are not attracted by authoritarian roles or deep- seated power needs • Authoritarianism is cultivated by police culture Characteristics of the Police Subculture - Correct answer • Curiosity and suspiciousness • Solidarity - taking care of one another • Secrecy - protection from hostile environment • Political and social conservatism • Cynicism - Hobbesian view of social work • Social isolation • Authoritarian approach to control, conformity • Support during difficult/stressful time Subculture Social Problems - Correct answer • Stress (cyclic - continuous reinforcement) • Commitment to community values and needs become secondary. • Cynicism and alienation • Dirty Harry problem: good ends, but through dirty means. History of Crime Stoppers - Correct answer • Albuquerque, NM 1976 Det. Greg MacAleese - Robbery case 6 weeks old - Fear & Apathy - lack of leads & public involvement - Avenue for citizens to report anonymously • 1978 First Crime Stoppers organization in Texas, El Paso • Crime Line, We Tip, Safe City • Abilene Founded Crime Stoppers in 1981 • Non-Profit Campus Crime Stoppers - Correct answer • Gives students an avenue to report crimes and violations • 2 Types of Programs -Umbrella (Part of existing Crime Stoppers program) -Independent Program (ISD sets up own program) • Monetary Rewards • Student Boards • Teacher Advisors • Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight as discussed with your doctor • Limit sunlight exposure or wear sunscreen • Get immunizations • Get regular medical check-ups and self exams Law Enforcement Fitness Status - Correct answer Officers are usually hired at or above average fitness, but the (field officer) is generally below average in fitness levels. Principals of an Exercise Program - Correct answer • Progressive Overload • Regularity & Recovery • Specificity • Balance F.I.T.T - Correct answer Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type Components of an Exercise Program - Correct answer Warm Up 5-10 Min Work Out 20-30 Min Cool Down 5-10 Min Heat Indexes - Correct answer • 80-90 Fatigue Possible with prolonged exposure • 90-104 Heat Stress possible with prolonged exposure • 105-129 Heat Stress likely. Heat Stroke possible with prolonged exposure • 130+ Heatstroke highly likely with continued exposure Relationship Between Nutrition and Performance - Correct answer Compare nutrition to fuel for a vehicle. An adequate amount of the right kinds of fuel is key to performance, disease prevention and wellness. Essential Dietary Components - Correct answer Fuel Nutrients -Carbs -Fats -Proteins Non Fuel Nutrients -Vitamins -Minerals -Water Carbohydrates - Correct answer Starches, sugars, and fiber and are important for health and performance because its used for: -energy, the body's preferred source of energy -burning fat efficiently -main energy source for the brain -fiber helps the digestive system (2) Types of Carbohydrates - Correct answer Simple -sweets, soft drinks, white flour, ice cream, cake -"empty calories" because they are low on nutrients - blood sugar spikes quickly and drops back so energy is not long lasting - reducing intake is better nutritional/performance choice Complex -potatoes, whole grains, beans, fruits, vegetables -full of vitamins, minerals, and fiber -energy is provided slowly and gradually -increasing intake is better nutritional/performance choice Carb needs 55-60% (70% for athletes) of total daily calories Protein - Correct answer Made up of amino acids, "building blocks" of the body because it is used for building, maintaining, and repairing tissue. Can be used as emergency energy if carbs are not available for fuel. Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, beans, soy beans. 12-15% of daily calorie needs Fat - Correct answer The most concentrated and essentially endless source of calories which are necessary for nerve functioning, storing fat soluble vitamins, insulation and protection for body organs. Butter, cream, oils, cheese, and baked goods. No more than 30% of total calorie needs Saturated Fats - Correct answer Tend to be solid at room temp. Mostly come from animal sources such as whole milk, cheese, butter, beef and pork. Oils such as palm, coconut, and palm kernel oil Unsaturated Fats - Correct answer Tend to be liquid at room temp. Corn, soy safflower olive and canola oil, avocados and nuts Non Fuel Nutrients - Correct answer o Vitamins o Minerals o Water Vitamins are organic substances essential for metabolism, growth and development. Minerals are inorganic substance also needed in very small quantities. Water - Correct answer The most important mineral! Absolutely necessary for life and needed for all body processes. 80/20 Rule - Correct answer Eat healthy 80% of the time but allow some "treats" 20% of the time and you're more likely to stick with a plan. Stressors in Work Itself - Correct answer • Rigors of shift work, especially rotating shifts, which result in alterations to body rhythms and officer's personal life • Frequent exposure to life's hardships • Boredom, interrupted by the need for sudden action • Fear and dangers of the job • Constant responsibility for protecting other people • Fragmented nature of the job, which rarely allows for following a case through to conclusion • Work overload • Crisis driven & therefore unpredictable which can be hard on families because of last minute changes • Daily routine of family life can seem mundane compared to the brief periods of excitement on the job. • When our job becomes common place the excitement is gone. Cynicism, drugs, or alcohol may set in to fill the gap of the adrenaline rush once experienced. Stressors Confronting the Individual Officer - Correct answer • Fears regarding job competence, individual success, and safety • Necessity to conform, inclusion of the occupational subculture. • Necessity to take a second job or to further education • Altered social status in the community due to attitude changes toward a person because he or she is an officer • The officer's life is under public scrutiny and a higher expectation of behavior often referred to as "fish bowl living" • Work stress comes home, home stress goes to work. Family members can become targets for stress produced at work & vice versa. Law Enforcement Personalities & Characteristics - Correct answer make a good safe officer but can often wreak havoc hypervigilance--- state of hyper alertness emotional control can result in the inability to emotionally engage at home sensation seeker over-protective of family over immersion in job Stressors related to the law enforcement career - Correct answer • begin career optimistic, enthusiastic, and idealistic • new experiences and relationships forged under challenges • non law enforcement friendships may fade • frequent exposure to negative views of the world Hypervigilance and the Biological Rollercoaster - Correct answer Hypervigilance is the elevated alertness of surroundings required of law enforcement officers for survival. When off duty, the other side of the rollercoaster occurs and may experience extreme fatigue, detachment, isolation, reduction in sensory input, emotional withdrawal as well as withdrawal from activities. Three basic approaches to stress management - Correct answer 1) Avoid 2) Alter 3) Adapt / Accept - Psychological, Physical, Social, Spiritual, Changing Perspective, Unrealistic Expectations/ Self Affirmations Relaxation Techniques - Correct answer - Visualization - Guided Imagery - Unguided Imagery - Thought Stopping / Blocking / Focusing - "Tactical Breathing" or deep breathing - Progressive Muscular Relaxation Effects of Stress on Performance "Inverted U Principle" - Correct answer Fine Motor skills deteriorate first at heart rates of about 115 Optimal Survival & Combat Performance from 115-145 bpm Complex Motor skills deteriorate such as ground fighting, begin to deteriorate as well as changes in vision at heart rates over 145 Heart rates above 175 officers may experience auditory changes, loss of peripheral vision, and depth perception, increases in reaction time, and declining ability to process information above 200, an officer may exhibit irrational behavior such as repetitive nonproductive activities. Five Phases of Traumatic Incident Exposure - Correct answer Denial Phase Anger Phase Bargaining Phase Depression Phase Acceptance Phase How to Cope with Critical Incident - Correct answer Assist with Basic Needs First Consequences of Steroid Abuse - Correct answer • Used in law enforcement to get and edge on the "bad guy" • Steroid use can cause severe physical and psychological changes • symptoms of steroid use -mood swings -acne -voice lowering -increases in facial hair and body hair -above normal muscle gains Texas Commission on Law Enforcement (TCOLE) Mission Statement - Correct answer As a regulatory State agency, is to establish an enforce standards to ensure that the people of Texas are served by highly trained and ethical law enforcement, corrections, and telecommunications personnel. History of TCOLE - Correct answer State Agency created by an act of 59th Legislature - Senate Bill 236, Effective August 30, 1965 The commission will continue until 2021 - House Bill 3389 passed in the 81st Legislature TCOLE L-1 Form - Correct answer * For Newly Commissioned Texas Peace Officers * Statement of Appointment TCOLE L-2 Form - Correct answer * Medically fit to become a Commissioned Texas Peace Officer * Declaration of the lack of any drug dependency or illegal drug use. TCOLE L-3 Form - Correct answer * Declaration that your psychologically fit to become a Commissioned Texas Peace Officer * Declaration of psychological and emotional health TCOLE L-5 Form - Correct answer * Form when leaving any police agency, good or bad * Separation of Licensee Report Honorably, General or Dishonorable Discharge TCOLE L-5R Form - Correct answer * L-5 (return) form, returns all prior history of law enforcement jobs * Must complete for current licensee's employment history when seeking employment with another LE agency. TCOLE Forms Needed for New License - Correct answer • L-1 / L1-T • F5R • L-2 (drug screen/medical exam) • L-3 (psychological evaluation) • CCH (criminal history) • DPS/FBI Fingerprint Return • Proof of Citizenship • Proof of Education - HS Diploma or GED • Military Discharge • Personal History Statement • Certified Copy of Court Disposition • For peace officers only - current record of firearms qualification (once per calendar year) Does NOT apply to 1st appointment of BPOC graduates. TCOLE Forms Needed for 180 Days or Less Break in Service - Correct answer • L-1 / L1-T • F5R • CCH (criminal history) • Military Discharge • Personal History Statement • Certified Copy of Court Disposition • For peace officers only - current record of firearms qualification (once per calendar year) TCOLE Forms Needed for More Than 180 Days Break in Service - Correct answer • L-1 / L1-T • F5R • L-2 (drug screen/medical exam) • L-3 (psychological evaluation) • CCH (criminal history) • DPS/FBI Fingerprint Return • Military Discharge • Personal History Statement • Certified Copy of Court Disposition • For peace officers only - current record of firearms qualification (once per calendar year) Contesting an Employment Termination Report - TCOLE 217.8 - Correct answer Person subject of an employment termination report is entitled to file a petition contesting information contained within. Must be filed no later than 30th day after receipt of report of separation. Legislatively Required Continuing Education for Licensees - TCOLE 218.3 - Correct answer • Each training unit (2 years) a Who is prejudice? - Correct answer Prejudice is a universal ill. All have some kind of prejudice. Functions of Prejudice - Correct answer Ethnocentrism Stereotype and Categorical Treatment Scapegoat Projection Authoritarian Personality Societal Strain (fear and insecurity) Stereotype and Categorical Treatment - Correct answer affords a convenient grouping for people of whom one is not knowledgeable. Lumping or grouping such people together under a popular stereotyped description saves time and thought and provides a convenient grouping. Scapegoat - Correct answer provides a convenient group or person to blame when things go wrong in one's personal life or in the community. Projection - Correct answer provides an outlet for projecting one's tensions and frustrations onto other people Authoritarian Personality - Correct answer symbolizes one's affiliation with a more dominant group. Societal Strain (fear and insecurity) - Correct answer leads to justification for various types of discrimination that are considered to be of advantage to the dominant group. (4) Basic Feelings or Attitudes Harbored by Most Prejudiced Persons - Correct answer • Feeling of Superiority • Others are strange and different • Proprietary Claims • Fear Feeling of Superiority - Correct answer Self-assured feeling on the part of certain individuals that they are superior or better than others, which is frequently expressed in inappropriate jokes and disparaging remarks directed to those regarded as inferiors Proprietary Claims - Correct answer as a member of the group, the individual believes he is entitled to exclusive or prior rights in a certain area. Fear - Correct answer basic to prejudice, excites the emotions to the point of overshadowing rational judgment. Belief that someone is trying to intrude and threaten things that belong to us. Forms and Targets of Prejudice - Correct answer • Racial • Ethnic • Gender • National origin • Political affiliation • Authority figures (e.g., police, government, teachers, parents) • Sexual orientation • Differently abled • Religious • Age • Economic/occupational • Weight • Physically challenged • Individual personal preferences (e.g., family feuds; antagonism between work departments like Vice and Patrol) Concepts about Human Relations - Correct answer • Everyone is entitled to equal rights and dignities. • The right to be free implies the right to be different. • Try to understand people different from us • All people share common needs: - social needs - health - employment - shelter - food - positive self-image Basic Needs everyone shares - Correct answer • social needs • health • employment • shelter • food • positive self-image Functions of Discrimination - Correct answer • Tends to reinforce prejudice concerning the group's alleged inferiority • Discrimination by any group limits the other groups' effectiveness in business, education, political office, etc. • Affords an avenue to economic exploitation of the group being discriminated against Not Allowing Personal Prejudice to Affect Professional Behavior - Correct answer Role of the peace officer includes enforcing laws in an impartial manner and support the concepts that all persons, including criminal justice personnel, are equally subject to the law and will be treated equally by it. Impartial Enforcement of the Law - Correct answer No person be treated unfairly, unjustly, or with bias or prejudice. No person be given treatment that is more favorable by the law. Law must be impartial whether the law is confronting a citizen, or standing between two citizens who are confronting each other. A. race of individual B. whether a search was conducted, and if consent was given C. whether race was know prior to initiating stop D. whether physical force resulting in bodily injury during the stop E. location of stop F. reason for stop Reports Required for Motor Vehicle Stops - CCP 2.133 - Correct answer A peace officer who stops a motor vehicle shall report information including: 1. physical description of person operating vehicle including: A. gender B. race 2. reason for stop 3. whether a search was conducted, and if consent was given 4. whether contraband or evidence was discovered 5. reason for the search A. if contraband was in plain view B. probable cause or reasonable suspicion for search C. if search was performed as a result of towing 6. whether an arrest was made as result of stop or search 7. approximate location of stop 8. whether ticket, verbal or written warning was issued 9. whether officer used physical force that resulted in bodily injury Liability - CCP 2.136 - Correct answer Peace officer is not liable for damages arising from an act relating to the collection or reporting of information Proficiency Certificates Intermediate - OC 1701.402 - Correct answer The commission shall issue certificates based on training, education, and experience Intermediate Proficiency Certificate Courses: Asset Forfeiture, Racial Profiling, Identity Theft, De-escalation & Crisis Intervention techniques for persons with mental impairments, investigative topics, civil rights, racial sensitivity, and cultural diversity, trafficking of persons, missing and exploited persons, missing and exploited children, canine encounter, Texas Crime Information Center's child safety check alert list, de- escalation techniques. Definition of Race - TC 543.202 - Correct answer 1. Alaska Native or American Indian 2. Asian or Pacific Islander 3. Black 4. White 5. Hispanic or Latino Whren v. US (1996) - Correct answer Vehicle Searches: traffic violation acceptable as pretext for further investigation As long as police have a valid reason to make a stop, the officer's "true" motives are irrelevant Terry v. Ohio (1968) - Correct answer Upheld the police practice of "stop and frisk" when an officer suspects a crime is about to be committed Pennsylvania v. Mimms (1977) - Correct answer decision holding that a police officer ordering a person out of a car following a traffic stop and conducting a pat-down to check for weapons did not violate the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Maryland v. Wilson (1997) - Correct answer During traffic stops, officers may order passengers as well as the driver to exit the vehicle (for officer and public safety), even if there is no basis for suspicion that the passengers engaged in any wrongdoing Graham v. State (1998) - Correct answer Cannot detain someone for a long time after they have been released to wait for a k-9 to do a free air sniff. Pryor v. State (1998) - Correct answer Holding "that, unless continued detention can be justified by what occurs during the brief period of time . . . motorist who is subjected to a ` Whren stop' for a minor traffic violation cannot be detained at the scene of the stop longer than it takes — or reasonably should take — to issue a citation. . . ." Ferris v. State (1999) - Correct answer must notify them they are free to leave, but can ask them out of the vehicle and continue to question on their own free will. New York v. Belton (1981) - Correct answer When a police officer has made a lawful custodial arrest of the occupant of an automobile, the officer may, as a contemporaneous incident of that arrest, search the passenger compartment of that automobile. The police may also examine the contents of any containers found within the passenger compartment, for if the passenger compartment is within reach of the arrestee, so also will containers in it be within his reach. Such a container may, of course, be searched whether it is open or closed, since the justification for the search is not that the arrestee has no privacy interest in the container, but that the lawful custodial arrest justifies the infringement of any privacy interest the arrestee may have. Logical & Social Arguments Against Racial Profiling - Correct answer There are appropriate reasons for unusual traffic stops (suspicious behavior, the officer's intuition, MO's, etc.) but police work must stop short of cultural stereotyping and racism. Risks for suicide completion A.I.D. L.I.F.E - Correct answer Ask Intervene Don't Keep it a secret Locate help Inform Supervisor Find Someone to stay with the person Expedite- Get Help ASAP (4) Types of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) - Correct answer • CAD - Coronary Artery Disease • Cerebrovascular Disease • CHF - Chronic Heart Failure • Peripheral Vascular Disease 5 Step Process of Getting Fit Forever - Correct answer • Medical Screening • Fitness & Nutrition Assessment • Goal Setting • Draw a map • Adherence Barriers of a Healthy Lifestyle - Correct answer • Time • Knowledge • Facilities • Fatigue Fitness Progress Facts - Correct answer • 12 weeks of regular cardio exercise for significant gains • 8 weeks for strength gains • 8 weeks for flexibility gains • 12 - 16 weeks for body composition changes (6) Essential Nutrients - Correct answer • Fuel - carbs - protein - fat • Non-Fuel - vitamins - minerals - water Protein Pairing - Correct answer Complete Proteins - Ready to eat Incomplete Proteins - Single and ready to mingle Fuel Balance - Correct answer Carbs: 55-60% Fat: 15-30% Protein: 10-15% Dietary Guidelines - Correct answer • Aim for healthy weight & balance calories with energy needs • Balance calories between the amount you eat and burn • Moderately active people between 30 & 50 the recommended calorie intake for women is 2000, and 2400-2600 for men. Healthy Opinions - Correct answer • Eat until 80% full • 80/20 Rule - follow a diet 80% of the time and "cheat" 20% of the time • Make small changes / no on & off diets • Shop the perimeter of the store (meat, veggies, stay away from cereal and baked goods) • pay attention to why you are eating • use positive affirmations When was TCOLE Created? - Correct answer 1965 A - Correct answer Adam B - Correct answer Boy C - Correct answer Charles D - Correct answer David E - Correct answer Edward F - Correct answer Frank G - Correct answer George H - Correct answer Henry I - Correct answer Ida J - Correct answer John K - Correct answer King L - Correct answer Lincoln M - Correct answer Mary N - Correct answer Nora O - Correct answer Ocean P - Correct answer Paul Q - Correct answer Queen 10-32 - Correct answer Subject with a gun 10-33 - Correct answer Emergency 10-34 - Correct answer Gang Activity 10-35 - Correct answer No units available 10-37 - Correct answer Suspicious Vehicle / Person 10-41 - Correct answer Start Duty 10-42 - Correct answer End Duty 10-45 - Correct answer Animal Carcass 10-46 - Correct answer Assist Motorist 10-50 - Correct answer Vehicle Accident 10-51 - Correct answer Need Wrecker 10-52 - Correct answer Need Ambulance 10-55 - Correct answer Intoxicated Driver 10-56 - Correct answer Intoxicated Pedestrian 10-57 - Correct answer Hit and Run 10-58 - Correct answer Direct Traffic 10-59 - Correct answer Convoy / Escort 10-60 - Correct answer In the Area 10-64 - Correct answer Request Back, Not 10-18 (quickly) 10-74 - Correct answer Negative 10-75 - Correct answer Out in Traffic 10-76 - Correct answer Enroute 10-77 - Correct answer ETA 10-78 - Correct answer Need Assistance, 10-18 (quickly) 10-80 - Correct answer Chase 10-81 - Correct answer Intoxilizer operator 10-82 - Correct answer Suicide or Attempt 10-84 - Correct answer Subject within Earshot 10-87 - Correct answer Paperwork 10-90 - Correct answer Alarm 10-91 - Correct answer Transfer Subject 10-95 - Correct answer Subject in Custody 10-96 - Correct answer Mental Subject 10-99 - Correct answer Warrant in Hand 10-100 - Correct answer Request to Eat 10-101 - Correct answer Enroute to Eat 10-108 - Correct answer Obtain all Info 10-200 - Correct answer Assignment Complete 10-69 - Correct answer Message Received