Understanding Ions & Ionic Bonding: Electron Config., Structure, & Bonding, Exercises of Chemistry

Download Understanding Ions & Ionic Bonding: Electron Config., Structure, & Bonding and more Exercises Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! 1 More on Ions Achieving Noble Gas Electron Configuration An ion forms when an atom • loses electrons (OIL, oxidation) or gains electrons (RIG, reduction) to achieve noble gas electron configuration Recognize the appearance of Bohr’s Model after an atom loses or gains electrons to form ions and/or how two atom share their electrons covalently to achieve noble gas electron configuration. Record into your notes 2 Atomic Number: 11 Name: Symbol: mass # 23 # p ______ # n ______ # e ______ Electronic Configuration: Physical Properties: Chemical Properties: Lewis Dot: Atomic Number: 17 Name: Symbol: mass # 35 # p ______ # n ______ # e ______ Electronic Configuration: Physical Properties: Chemical Properties: Lewis Dot: Atomic Number: 12 Name: Symbol: mass # 24 # p ______ # n ______ # e ______ Electronic Configuration: Physical Properties: Chemical Properties: Lewis Dot: Atomic Number: 8 Name: Symbol: mass # 16 # p ______ # n ______ # e ______ Electronic Configuration: Physical Properties: Chemical Properties: Lewis Dot: • • • • sodium-23 ion Na11 23 1+ metal cation positive ion 1+ charge combines w/ anions 11 12 10 • •• • • • •• •• [Na]1+ magnesium-24 ion Mg12 24 2+ metal cation positive ion 2+ charge combines w/ anions 12 12 10 • •• • • • •• •• [Mg]2+ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s0 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s0 Ionic Structure More protons than electrons More protons than electrons Supplemental packet page 50 Atomic Number: 11 Name: Symbol: mass # 23 # p ______ # n ______ # e ______ Electronic Configuration: Physical Properties: Chemical Properties: Lewis Dot: Atomic Number: 17 Name: Symbol: mass # 35 # p ______ # n ______ # e ______ Electronic Configuration: Physical Properties: Chemical Properties: Lewis Dot: Atomic Number: 12 Name: Symbol: mass # 24 # p ______ # n ______ # e ______ Electronic Configuration: Physical Properties: Chemical Properties: Lewis Dot: Atomic Number: 8 Name: Symbol: mass # 16 # p ______ # n ______ # e ______ Electronic Configuration: Physical Properties: Chemical Properties: Lewis Dot: • • • • sodium-23 ion Na11 23 1+ metal cation positive ion 1+ charge combines w/ anions 11 12 10 • •• • • • •• •• [Na]1+ magnesium-24 ion Mg12 24 2+ metal cation positive ion 2+ charge combines w/ anions 12 12 10 • •• • • • •• •• [Mg]2+ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s0 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 Ionic Structure chloride-35 ion Cl17 35 1- nonmetal anion negative ion 1- charge combines w/ cations17 18 18 • •• • • • •• •• oxygen-16 ion O8 16 2- nonmetal anion negative ion 2- charge combines w/ cations 8 8 10 • •• • • • •• •• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s0 • • • • • •• • •• • • • • Cl••[ ]1- •• • • • • O ••[ ]2- More protons than electrons More protons than electrons More electrons than protons More electrons than protons Supplemental packet page 50 5 Chapter 5 - Introduction to Chemical Bonding [Na]1+ •• • • • • Cl••[ ]1- •• • • • • O ••[ ]2- [Mg]2+ Ions isoelectronic (“same electronic configuration”) with noble gases [Ne] [Ne] [Ne] [Ar] Electrostatic attractions Opposites attract Electrostatic repulsions Like charges repel 6 [Na]1+ •• • • • • Cl••[ ]1- •• • • • • O ••[ ]2- [Mg]2+ •• • • • • Cl••[ ]1-•• • • • • Cl••[ ]1- [Mg]2+ 1.Opposites attract (cation attracts an anion) 2.Brought together by electrostatics 3.Ions coming together to balance charge Ionic Bonding (transferring electrons to achieve noble gas electron configuration) magnesium chloride sodium chloride magnesium oxide Looking ahead to Chapter 6 1. Opposites attract (cation attracts an anion) 2. Brought together by electrostatics 3. Ions coming together to balance charge Ionic Bonding (transferring electrons to achieve noble gas electron configuration) 1. Bonding for FONCl BrISCH nonmetals 2. Brought together by sharing of electrons 3. Achieving an OCTET of valence electrons Covalent Bonding (sharing electrons to achieve noble gas electron configuration) versus Chapter 5 - Ionic Bonding 7 • • •• •• • •• • • • 9F8O • • • • • •• •• • • • 7N6C • • • • • •• •• • • 5B CH4 methane gas NH3 ammonia gas H2O water HF hydrogen fluoride • • • • • •• • • • 10Ne nonmetals bond to hydrogen to achieve noble gas e- configuration of the noble gas in their period (row) molecules of nonmetals hydrides •H • H •H • H •H •H • H •H •H •H 1H • H Addition of hydrogen Achieving an OCTET valence Covalent Bonding (sharing electrons to achieve noble gas electron configuration) Please note the addition of the red colored valence (outermost) electron by the in coming hydrogen atom which will be shared by both atoms. Looking ahead to Chapter 6 Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrical forces between oppositely charged ions (e.g., Na+, Cl –). These forces are referred to as ionic bonds . Typically, ionic compounds (ionic salts) have relative high melting points (mp NaCl = 801 °C).and exist physically as solids at room temperature. It takes a lot of energy to break an ionic bond. Can you give additional examples of ionic compounds? Molecular compounds . Two or more atoms may combine with one another to form an uncharged molecule. The atoms involved are unusually those of nonmetallic elements. Within the molecule, atoms are held to one another by strong forces called covalent bonds. diatomic molecules - there are seven diatomic molecules that behave as discrete units. The physical states for these molecules at room temperature are variable. molecules with multiple bonding patterns Summary Cl Cl O ON N F F Br Br I I H H solid liquid gas gas gas gasgas H Si H H H H P H H C H H H H H S H N H H H O H H F H H Cl Is there a relationship between ion charge and the number of bonds an element will make? If so, describe the relationship. Li Be B C N O F How many atoms will each element bond to in order to be stable? Indicate the number of bonds that each element will make. What is the favorite charge of these elements as ions? Indicate charge. Is there a relationship between the type of element that likes to have positive charge? a negative charge? Li Be B C N O F ion charge: number of bonds: •• •• •• Supplemental packet page 64 molecules of nonmetals hydrides •• •••• •• •••• •• •• •• 4- 3- 2- 1-1+ 2+ 3+ 4 3 2 11 2 3 [Na]1+ • • • • • • Cl • •[ ]1- Ionic substances