Phonological Process Diagnosis in Speech-Language Pathology, Exams of Advanced Computer Programming

Download Phonological Process Diagnosis in Speech-Language Pathology and more Exams Advanced Computer Programming in PDF only on Docsity! Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 A child comes to your clinic with her mother for articulation and language therapy. The mother tells you that her daughter has Hurler's syndrome. What causes Hurler's syndrome? A. An expanded number of CGG nucleic acid repeats on a specific gene on one of the distal ends of the Y chromosome B. A spontaneous autosomal dominant mutation of FGR2 at 10q25-26 C. Autosomal dominant inheritance and deletion in the region of the long arm of chromosome 15 (15q11-15q13) D. Autosomal recessive deficiency of X-L iduronidase - Answer D. Autosomal recessive deficiency of X-L iduronidaseA 45-year-old woman was complaining of difficulty masticating. She had tonic spasms after irradiation. The physician explained to the speech-language pathologist that this condition is believed to exist secondary to fibrosis of the muscles involved in mastication. This condition is called A 45-year-old woman was complaining of difficulty masticating. She had tonic spasms after irradiation. The physician explained to the speech-language pathologist that this condition is believed to exist secondary to fibrosis of the muscles involved in mastication. This condition is called A. trismus. B. osteoradionecrosis. C. necrosis. D. mucositis - Answer A. trismus. Priscilla, a 15-year-old patient with a diagnosis of velocardiofacial syndrome, is seen in an outpatient facility. A clinician is currently seeing this patient for language and articulation deficits; however, she notices increased coughing and laryngeal pumping as Priscilla was having a snack. Priscilla's mother noted that this was common, but that she did not think that is was an issue. Further evaluation is recommended, but it is possible that Priscilla has: A. Pharyngeal hypotonia B. Nasal regurgitation C. Oral apraxia Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 D. Decreased anterior to posterior transit time - Answer A. Pharyngeal hypotonia A screening test for dementia is: A. Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia (ABCD) B. Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMQ) C. Functional Linguistic Communication Inventory (FLCI) D. Dementia Mood Assessment Scale - Answer B. Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMQ) The parents of a 10-year-old child consult a clinician. The child is short and has intellectual delay, cryptorchidism, and sleeps excessively. He also has a speech delay, hyperphagia, and is obese. The clinician notices that the child has a prominent nasal bridge, high, narrow forehead, thin upper lip, downturned mouth, almond-shaped eyes, and small hands and feet. The parents report that he frequently picks his skin. They report that the genetic counselor informed them that his condition is caused by autosomal dominant inheritance and deletion in the long arm of chromosome 15 (15q11015q13) in some cases. The child has A. Cornelia de Lange syndrome. B. Apert syndrome. C. Prader-Willi syndrome. D. Dandy-Walker syndrome - Answer C. Prader-Willi syndrome. A high school teacher refers a Mandarin-speaking 16-year-old to you for an evaluation. The student and his family came to the United States 2 years ago from China. The teacher says that the student does well academically, but she shares that she has difficulty understanding him when he speaks. When you screen the student, you find some articulation and language differences. Which one of the following would not be predictable based on the student's first language of Mandarin? A. Substitutions of t/th (e.g., tin/thin) B. Epenthesis in words with consonant blends C. Confusions of /r/ and /l/ Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 A. Imaginative, interactional, attribution, overextension B. Interactional, conversational, collaborative, attribution C. Collaborative, imaginative, attribution, conversational D. Heuristic, imaginative, interactional, personal - Answer D. Heuristic, imaginative, interactional, personal Approximately when is the past tense regular -ed mastered by typically developing children? A. 19-28 months B. 24-33 months C. 18-32 months D. 26-48 months - Answer D. 26-48 months It would be considered ethical for a speech-language pathologist to do which of the following? A. Make a reasonable statement of prognosis when the husband of a woman with aphasia asks about his wife's potential for improvement. B. Make a diagnosis through the mail after receiving a letter from a friend in a distant state who is concerned about her son's articulation. C. Allow an unsupervised assistant who is in the certification process to provide clinical services. D. Carry out a physician-recommended program of therapy with a patient who has a head injury, even though the speech-language pathologist disagrees with the physician's recommendation. - Answer A. Make a reasonable statement of prognosis when the husband of a woman with aphasia asks about his wife's potential for improvement. What are the two most prominent air-filled cavities that compose the outer ear and have a resonant frequency to which they respond best? A. Concha B. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Tympanic cavity C. Ear canal D. Ossicles E. Helix F. Anti-helix - Answer A. Concha C. Ear Canal The following resonance disorder is caused when the velopharyngeal mechanism does not close the opening to the nasal passage during the production of non-nasal sounds: A. Hypernasality B. Hyponasality C. Assimilative nasality D. Cul-de-sac resonance - Answer A. Hypernasality What are cartilages that are cone shaped and are located at the posterior of the aryepiglottic folds and are occasionally fused with the arytenoid cartilages? A. Cricoids B. Laminas C. Cuneiforms D. Corniculates - Answer D. Corniculates What is the muscle that exerts the pull that allows the eustachian tube to open during yawning and swallowing? A. Tensor palatini B. Levator palatini C. Tensor tympani D. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Levator veli palatini - Answer A. Tensor palatini There are several aspects involved in studying language. These include using language as a social tool, a learned behavior, and/or a linguistic means of communication. Which of the following defines language as a learned behavior? A. Verbal language that is learned through trial and error B. Verbal language that is learned through imitation C. Verbal language that is learned through social consequence D. Verbal language that is learned through intentions - Answer C. Verbal language that is learned through social consequence Both the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and state governments regulate the practice of speech-language pathology. Clinicians often have to meet different requirements for different professional settings. Among the following choices, which statement is incorrect? A. In many states, it is not essential to get the ASHA certification to work as a clinician in public schools. B. In most states, both the state licensure and ASHA certification are required to work as an SLP in public schools. C. Although widely recognized by employers, the ASHA certifications do not have the legal authority of state licensures. D. A state education department's credential is not the same as the same state's licensure. - Answer B. In most states, both the state licensure and ASHA certification are required to work as an SLP in public schools. Jack is an 8-year-old boy. He attends an evaluation with his mother, who mentions that he is a chronic mouth breather. You mention that it is possible that the root cause of chronic mouth breathing is swelling of the: A. Inferior constrictor of the pharynx B. Trachea C. Nasal conchae D. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 minimally alert. During the early stages of treatment, the speech-language pathologist should focus on: A. Getting Billy to respond to sound, touch, or smell B. Helping Billy understand what day it is C. Finding ways to improve Billy's memory D. Working on Billy's social skills - Answer A. Getting Billy to respond to sound, touch, or smell Imitation is important for the growth of language development in infants. Before assessing an infant with a language disorder, it is important to understand the imitation that occurred between the caregiver and the infant. How long immediately after birth can an infant imitate? A. 3 weeks B. 1 month C. a few hours D. 1 week - Answer C. a few hours Janine, an 83-year-old patient, is attending therapy for memory deficits caused by Alzheimer's disease. Janine's current goal is to use her techniques to recall a three- point plot in a short video. Throughout the video clips, she talks about the plot. What direct intervention is Janine utilizing? A. Multimodal approach B. Self-generated cues C. Spaced retrieval training D. Direct priming - Answer B. Self-generated cues A young child named Kylie was referred to an audiologist's office after she was told that she could not benefit from hearing aids because of her profound hearing loss. Her mother is extremely interested in cochlear implants and wants to know more about them. She said, "I never really thought about cochlear implants until a doctor brought that up as a possibility. I do not know much about them and need to know Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 everything before I even consider this option for Kylie." She then gave the audiologist some information that she found online but she was not sure how accurate this information was. For example, she mentioned to the audiologist that she read that cochlear implants deliver electrical impulses to the auditory nerve, have multiple electrode arrays, have an implanted receiver, and allow the patient to discriminate between speech sounds. When reading about the potential negatives, she got overwhelmed. The audiologist made sure to stress to Kylie's mother that cochlear implants help the user perceive sound; however, she also mentioned that professionals cannot be positive as to what exactly Kylie will be able to perceive. Which of the following statements said by the mother is not true regarding cochlear implants? A. The implant is surgically implanted and delivers electrical impulses directly to the auditory nerve. B. The cochlear implant consists of a microphone, processor, external transmitter, and implanted receiver. C. All contemporary devices make use of multiple electrode arrays. D. Cochlear implants will allow the patient to discriminate between speech sounds. - Answer D. Cochlear implants will allow the patient to discriminate between speech sounds. If a client is having trouble producing diphthongs, it is important to distinguish which vowel is causing the most difficulty. What terminology should a clinician use to distinguish which vowel a client is struggling to produce in a diphthong? A. On-glide; off-glide B. Start; end C. Starter-glide; end-glide D. First-glide; last-glide - Answer A. On-glide; off-glide You are treating a patient who has been diagnosed with early-stage dementia. You decide to use theme-based activities in a small group setting. You explain to the family that there is some evidence that this type of theme-based approach may maintain cognitive function in some patients with dementia. This type of approach is called A. reality orientation (RO). B. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 fast mapping therapy (FMT). C. external stimulation therapy (EST). D. cognitive stimulation therapy (CST). - Answer D. cognitive stimulation therapy (CST). Shirley, a 60-year-old patient, was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of severe oropharyngeal dysphagia. There were no overt signs or symptoms of aspiration at bedside; however, Shirley had weak and decreased laryngeal elevation and excursion during her swallow as per palpation. The clinician noticed a change in Shirley's respiratory status and after consulting with her respiratory therapist, decided to request a videofluoroscopic swallow study. Results indicated residue throughout the oral cavity as well as in the valleculae and pyriform sinuses that was partially cleared using compensatory strategies. The report also indicated inconsistent silent aspiration, a delayed swallow, and severely decreased laryngeal elevation and excursion. The clinician decided to make the patient NPO without PO trials to prevent aspiration until swallow strength and function increased. Which of the following would not be an appropriate treatment for Shirley: A. Thermal stimulation B. Effortful swallow C. Practicing liquid swallow after stimulation D. Mendelsohn maneuver - Answer C. Practicing liquid swallow after stimulation You perform an oral-mechanism examination on a client. You ask him to stick his tongue out. When he is sticking out his tongue, you notice that it deviates toward the left. Since tongue musculature is paired, this means your client probably has a weak: A. Right genioglossus B. Left genioglossus C. Right hyoglossus D. Left hyoglossus - Answer B. Left genioglossus A treatment procedure is selected or rejected based on the level of evidence of the particular technique. What level of evidence is described if a technique has been experimentally evaluated with a control group or single-subject design with control conditions? Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 4 Autopsy - Answer A Alzheimer's disease B Autopsy You are evaluating a 5-year-old boy whose mother has a history of alcohol abuse while she was carrying her son. In your assessment, you would look for specific speech and language problems; in addition, you would look for which of the following positive or negative signs? A. Normal motor and intellectual development, normal play activities, and normal facial and skull features B. Language problems, but no speech problems, coupled with good eye contact and generally compliant behavior C. Lack of gestures, good eye contact, and lack of attachment to new people D. Low birth weight and length, behavior problems, and possible swallowing difficulties - Answer D. Low birth weight and length, behavior problems, and possible swallowing difficulties You are working in an elementary school setting. A classroom teacher comes to you to refer an 8-year-old boy whose voice sounds consistently "hoarse" and "breathy" and gets more severe during recess and lunch. The child does not display symptoms of stridor, aspiration, or pain. As the speech-language pathologist, what should you initially suggest based on the child's symptoms? A. The child should be referred to an otolaryngologist. B. You should perform a complete head and neck evaluation. C. The child should go for a radiologic evaluation. D. The child should try singing to see if there is a difference in the voice. - Answer B. You should perform a complete head and neck evaluation. A 73-year-old patient presents with a language disorder characterized by empty, spontaneous speech and loss of word meanings as well as a perceptual disorder characterized by agnosia, yet he maintains his ability to read aloud and write regular words to dictation orthographically. These symptoms would most likely lead to a diagnosis of: A. Vascular dementia Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 B. Pick disease C. Semantic dementia D. Alzheimer's disease - Answer C. Semantic dementia Dr. G. is a retired college dean who has had a stroke and displays right hemisphere syndrome. In your assessment of him, you can expect to find A. language disorders. B. speech disorders. C. attention and perceptual deficits. D. slow and sluggish responses. - Answer C. attention and perceptual deficits. A high school teacher has referred Ashley to you for assessment. Ashley is 17 years old, and she possibly has a language impairment. When you assess Ashley, which specific problems will you look for as evidence of a language impairment? A. Sentences that are average in length but contain omissions of bound morphemes B. Difficulty using cohesion devices (e.g., therefore, for example) C. Normal ability to maintain a conversation, but some use of non sequiturs D. Normal ability to use figurative language, but difficulty with concrete language - Answer B. Difficulty using cohesion devices (e.g., therefore, for example) What is a pink or white wart-like growth that can be found anywhere in the airway and make a person's voice sound hoarse, breathy, and low pitched? A. Hyperkeratosis B. Leukoplakia C. Hemangioma D. Papilloma - Answer D. Papilloma Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 The Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA) is a quick standardized battery that assesses dysarthria. The task-oriented portion focuses on reflexes, speech and nonspeech activities, and intelligibility. What is not a characteristic of the FDA? A. Relies heavily on patient report B. Does not require training to administer C. Provides a description of deviant speech characteristics associated with each dysarthria type D. Distinguishes patients based on oral findings - Answer C. Provides a description of deviant speech characteristics associated with each dysarthria type A group of clinicians working with voice disorders wish to conduct research in a hospital setting. Many of their clients are hoarse because they work in noisy factories where they shout a great deal during the work week. The clinicians devise a rating scale to evaluate the hoarseness of these clients. The scale looks like this: 1Almost no hoarseness 2Slight hoarseness 3Moderate hoarseness 4Great amount of hoarseness A. a ratio scale. B. a nominal scale. C. an interval scale. D. an ordinal scale. - Answer D. an ordinal scale. A professor is teaching a class anatomy and physiology and mentions that closure of the airway occurs at anatomically different locations and functionally separate levels in the larynx. A student in the class answers that the appropriate choice would be . vallecula. B. pyriform sinus. C. the supraglottic portion of the laryngeal vestibule. D. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 spectrograms. Which of the following characteristics is expressed better in a narrowband spectrogram? A. Short time window B. Good for measuring formant frequencies C. Good for showing and measuring harmonics D. Good for showing changes in articulatory movements - Answer C. Good for showing and measuring harmonics Although differences of opinion exist, some clinicians diagnose stuttering on the basis of the frequency of disfluencies when all forms of disfluencies are counted in a speech sample. If you accept this practice, you would diagnose stuttering if the disfluency rate in a speech sample were A. 10% or more. B. 3.5% or more. C. 15% or more. D. 5% or more - Answer D. 5% or more This disease is a rare, degenerative brain disorder that results in death. Each year, worldwide, it affects 1 person in every 1 million. This disease usually manifests itself later in life. About 70% of patients die within a year. Initially, patients may have visual problems, failing memory, lack of coordination, and behavioral changes. As the disease progresses, patients display myoclonus and may become blind. They finally lose the ability to speak and enter into a coma. The scientific community believes that abnormal forms of normal cellular proteins (prions) cause this disease. The normal prion is called PrPC (C stands for cellular) and the abnormal form (which causes the disease) is called PrPSc (Sc stands for prototypical prion disease- scrapie). When the disease is acquired, the PrPSc comes from outside the body (e.g., contaminated meat). This disease is called: A. Lewy body dementia B. Wernicke-Korsakoff dementia C. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease D. Pick's disease - Answer C. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease The components of an AAC system are crucial to consider during an assessment. When assessing a young child, you evaluate the way the individual will use and interact with the system, including the user interface, selection method, and output. What type of components are being described? A. Primary components B. Secondary components C. Tertiary components D. Global components - Answer B. Secondary components A clinical supervisor is discussing intelligibility with her graduate student clinician. She asks the student, "Which of the following is not a factor that influences intelligibility of an utterance?" A. Frequent abnormality in the clients' speech B. Context in which the communication occurs C. Consistency between the target and its realization D. Loss of phonemic contrasts - Answer C. Consistency between the target and its realizatio All of the following are true with regard to the behavioral theory approach to counseling, except: A. There is a focus on what is observable with an emphasis on environmental, external influences. B. Behavior is thought to be shaped and maintained by immediate consequences. C. Clinicians emphasize the discussion of thoughts and feelings. D. It is believed that positive reinforcement as well as negative reinforcement could cause a behavior to reoccur. - Answer C. Clinicians emphasize the discussion of thoughts and feelings. Which term describes an abnormal increase in the perceived loudness of sound when it is presented with linear increases in intensity? Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 A. Recruitment B. Air conduction C. Rarefaction D. Displacement - Answer A. Recruitment There are many different diseases that affect muscles. Congenital myopathies and muscular dystrophy are muscle diseases that cause __________: A. hypotonia and weakness. B. breathiness and hypernasality. C. Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. D. flaccidity and spasticity. - Answer A. hypotonia and weakness. In the past 20 years, there have been changes to the Medicare statute that affect speech-language pathologists. Under which change was there a 1.5% increase in the Medicare payment schedule for services paid? A. The Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 (BBRA) B. The Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000 (BIPA) C. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) D. The Medicare Percentage Based Payment Act of 1998 - Answer C. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) There are several aspects involved in studying language. These include using language as a social tool, a learned behavior, and/or a linguistic means of communication. Which of the following is not an example of linguistic aspects of learning? A. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 instructions about how to change current speech and non-speech movements to achieve the target sounds. This is an example of A. phonetic derivation. B. phonemic awareness. C. rate control. D. integral practice. - Answer A. phonetic derivation. After an articulation disorder has been diagnosed, the most appropriate sequence of therapy should be: A. Correct Production of the Sound in Specific Contexts B. Earlier Developmental Sounds C. Stimulability D. Sounds that Affect Intelligibility - Answer C. Stimulability A. Correct Production of the Sound in Specific Contexts B. Earlier Developmental Sounds D. Sounds that Affect Intelligibility Sara is reading a story aloud in her class. To make distinctions between similar- sounding words like "I scream" and "ice cream," she uses a combination of suprasegmentals such as intonation and pausing, which mark special distinctions or grammatical divisions in speech. This type of vocal punctuation is also called A. stress. B. prosody. C. pitch. D. juncture. - Answer D. juncture. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 A clinician who works in a skilled nursing facility needs to develop a treatment plan to stimulate the swallowing reflex in a female patient with swallowing disorders. Among the given choices, the procedure that is appropriate for this patient is A. teaching the patient to tilt her head forward to keep the food in the front of her mouth until she is ready to swallow. B. the thermal stimulation method, in which the clinician touches the base of the patient's anterior faucial arches with a laryngeal mirror dipped in ice water for about 10 seconds. C. teaching her to switch between liquid and semi-solid swallows so that the liquid swallows help clear her pharynx to compensate for reduced peristalsis. D. teaching the patient to tilt her head toward the stronger side if she has a unilateral paralysis in lingual function and the pharynx. - Answer B. the thermal stimulation method, in which the clinician touches the base of the patient's anterior faucial arches with a laryngeal mirror dipped in ice water for about 10 seconds. Following an evaluation of Louise, an 85-year-old patient who was admitted to a hospital with NPO status, you determined that she presented with severe pharyngeal phase dysphagia and added her to your caseload. Louise's surgeon contacted you inquiring about her ability to tolerate a diet to assist in his decision regarding the continuation of her feeding tube. The surgeon noted that the type of feeding tube that Louise currently had was intended for more short-term use and he was considering inserting a more permanent non-oral feeding method. Louise was most likely receiving nutrition via the following non-oral feeding method: A. Esophagostomy B. Gastrostomy C. Nasogastric D. Pharyngostomy - Answer C. Nasogastric A speech-language pathologist in a school is working with a child in therapy. The clinician's goal is to have the child use a communication device to express their wants and needs by pointing to the picture of the object during school. What type of goal is this an example of? A. Integrated goal B. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Isolated goal C. Individual goal D. Long-term goal - Answer A. Integrated goal Rhythmic cueing is an appropriate rate approach to use when treating a client with all of the following types of dysarthria, except: A. Hypokinetic B. Hyperkinetic C. Ataxic D. Unilateral upper motor neuron - Answer B. Hyperkinetic Which of the following could be a technique used in therapy when treating a pediatric case of tongue retracting? A. Jaw tapping B. Firm stroking of the tongue starting at the center and moving laterally in quick rhythmic strokes C. Applying firm pressure to the nose and cheeks D. Alternating food consistencies - Answer B. Firm stroking of the tongue starting at the center and moving laterally in quick rhythmic strokes You are treating a 4-year-old boy with specific language impairment (SLI) for intervention. You notice that he omits all grammatical morphemes in his speech. Which one of the following morphemes would you target first in therapy with him? A. Articles a, an, the B. Regular plural -s C. Present progressive -ing D. Regular past tense -ed - Answer C. Present progressive -ing Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 A. The difference between the highest and the lowest scores of the patients to whom the test has been administered B. The lowest and highest 25% of the scores C. The middle 50% of the scores D. The middle 50% of the scores divided by 2 - Answer A. The difference between the highest and the lowest scores of the patients to whom the test has been administered A 9-year-old child was seen for an evaluation because of a major dysfunction in his gastrointestinal tract. The child had short bowel syndrome, resulting in the removal of a major part of the intestines. The gastroenterologist most likely would recommend A. a jejunostomy tube (J-tube). B. a duodenal tube (duo-tube). C. a gastrojejunal tube (GJ-tube). D. total parenteral nutrition (TPN). - Answer D. total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Spectrums include frequencies that need to be attenuated as well as frequencies that are allowed to pass through a filter without being dampened. Which of these is not a type of filter used for spectrums? A. Mid-pass filter B. Low-pass filter C. High-pass filter D. Band-rejection filter - Answer A. Mid-pass filter You are evaluating a 70-year-old client who sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The physician reports indicate appropriate progress and rehabilitation following his injury. He enjoys reading the newspaper; however, he is concerned about his current literacy skills. To assess these skills, all of the following may be appropriate, except: A. Having the patient read familiar print B. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Having the patient write to dictation C. Having the patient complete confrontational naming tasks D. Having the patient copy printed material - Answer C. Having the patient complete confrontational naming tasks Mrs. W. is a 72-year-old patient who has just had a stroke. She has been diagnosed with apraxia of speech, which is often associated with lesions in: A. subcortical structures. B. Wernicke's area. C. Broca's area. D. the occipital area. - Answer C. Broca's area. Depending on the location and size of the cancerous lesion, the tumor may affect which of the following? A. Vocal fold abduction B. Vocal fold closure C. Thyroid tilt D. Epiglottic inversion - Answer B. Vocal fold closure Delia, a 12-year-old articulation client, is experiencing difficulties biting and chewing due to an improper alignment between her upper and lower teeth. During therapy, the misalignment appears to inhibit her ability to make progress. In Delia's case, her lower jaw protrudes forward, which results in her lower teeth overlapping her upper teeth. What type of malocclusion is described? A. Class I Malocclusion B. Class II Malocclusion C. Class III Malocclusion D. Class IV Malocclusion - Answer C. Class III Malocclusion Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Lee, a 42-year-old male, has come to an outpatient center to be evaluated by a speech-language pathologist due to concerns expressed by his wife and children regarding his speech. Upon arriving at the clinic, the clinician notices that Lee's oral and facial structures appear normal at rest. During the evaluation, Lee admits that for the past 5 years, he has noticed moments of random slurred speech during conversation; however, he never wanted to bring up the issue with his family because he was too embarrassed of the occasional drunken sounding speech. He told the clinician, "I just hoped that no one would ever notice." His wife reported that within the past year his conversational speech has been characterized by irregular articulatory breakdowns, reduced rate of speech, and unsteady vowel prolongations. She expressed concerns for her husband's ability to communicate with others who are unaware of his deficits. Lee complained that he is unable to coordinate his breathing with speaking, and often bites his cheek or tongue when speaking. This creates discomfort and frustration for him, but his wife reported that when Lee slows down his speech, he usually improves his intelligibility. According to his family, Lee often seems discouraged that his speech will never improve and he will suffer from the deficits for the rest of his life. During the evaluation, the clinician notices that his wife and three children provide a strong support system for Lee. The first thing the clinician should do when initially evaluating Lee's speech is to: A. ensure that Lee possesses some form of functional communication. B. use strengthening exercises to address weakness. C. teach Lee facial relaxation techniques to use at home. D. educate Lee on the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment strategy. - Answer A. ensure that Lee possesses some form of functional communication. Based on Lee's reported deficits, he most likely presents with what motor speech disorder? A. Flaccid dysarthria B. Ataxic dysarthria C. Spastic dysarthria D. Apraxia of speech - Answer B. Ataxic dysarthria A study designed to evaluate a treatment procedure for hoarseness of voice recruited all subjects who had witnessed a football game the previous day. The treatment, conducted over the following 2 weeks and offered to all subjects, resulted Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 choanal atresia. D. cyanosis. - Answer A. dysphagia lusoria. Stuttering often occurs most commonly on all of the following situations, except: A. Content words B. The first sound or syllable of a word C. Function words D. Longer words - Answer C. Function words What does the cover-body theory of phonation state? A. The superficial layer and much of the intermediate layer of the lamina propria vibrate as a "cover" on a relatively stationary "body" that is made up of the remainder of the intermediate layer, the deep layer, and the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle. B. The epithelium, the superficial layer of the lamina propria, and much of the intermediate layer of the lamina propria vibrate as a "cover" on a relatively stationary "body" that is made up of the remainder of the intermediate layer and the deep layer. C. The epithelium, the superficial layer of the lamina propria, and much of the intermediate layer of the lamina propria vibrate as a "cover" on a relatively stationary "body" that is made up of the remainder of the intermediate layer, the deep layer, and the TA muscle. D. The epithelium, the deep layer of the lamina propria, and much of the superficial layer of the lamina propria vibrate as a "cover" on a relatively stationary "body" that is made up of the remainder of the superficial layer, the deep layer, and the TA muscle. - Answer C. The epithelium, the superficial layer of the lamina propria, and much of the intermediate layer of the lamina propria vibrate as a "cover" on a relatively stationary "body" that is made up of the remainder of the intermediate layer, the deep layer, and the TA muscle. Which of the following is not a major characteristic of hyperkinesias? A. Spasm B. Hemiballism Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 C. Dystonia D. Bradykinesia - Answer D. Bradykinesia A 72-year-old patient was diagnosed with apraxia of speech post CVA. The clinician instructed the patient to "watch and listen to me" and then "say it with me." The aim of the treatment approach was to use simultaneous practice to bring to consciousness the look and sound of the target speech output. This is an example of A. metrical pacing. B. metronomic pacing. C. articulatory cueing. D. integral practice. - Answer D. integral practice. A child from Culber City transfers to Central City, and his file indicates that he has been receiving speech-language services in Culber City. Some pages of the report from the speech-language pathologist in Culber City are missing. However, the first page indicates that this child has Moebius syndrome. He also has a history of frequent hospitalizations. What can the Central City clinician probably expect to find? A. This child has syndactyly, cranial synostosis, resulting in smaller anterior-posterior skull diameter, high forehead, an arched and grooved hard palate, class III malocclusion, and possible cleft of the hard palate. B. This child has delayed language and an articulation disorder, as well as bilabial paresis and weak tongue control for lateralization, elevation, depression, and protrusion, a mask-like face, a history of feeding problems in infancy, and unilateral or bilateral paralysis of the abductors of the eye. C. This child has a small maxillary structure, sphenoethmoidal synchondroses, ocular hypertelorism, facial asymmetry including a tall forehead, and brachycephaly. D. This child has low muscle tone, a history of early feeding difficulties, initial failure to thrive, obesity after the first year, and underdeveloped genitals. - Answer B. This child has delayed language and an articulation disorder, as well as bilabial paresis and weak tongue control for lateralization, elevation, depression, and protrusion, a mask-like face, a history of feeding problems in infancy, and unilateral or bilateral paralysis of the abductors of the eye. Stuttering is more likely Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 A. on the third and fourth words in a sentence. B. when the client speaks in monologue with no audience. C. when the client produces words that are more frequently used in the language. D. on words that begin with consonants. - Answer D. on words that begin with consonants. An important part of treating patients with traumatic brain injuries is providing support, reassurance, information, and direction to family members. Which is most important in the middle and later stages of recovery? A. Support B. Reassurance C. Information D. Direction - Answer D. Direction In the mand-model method of teaching language skills to children, the clinician does which of the following? A. Prompts an elaboration of a verbal response, and requires the child to imitate B. Asks questions like "Tell me what you want" and models or prompts the correct response if necessary C. Adds comments to the child's production, with no response requirement D. Repeatedly and consecutively models a particular structure but does not require the child to imitate it - Answer B. Asks questions like "Tell me what you want" and models or prompts the correct response if necessary A semi-vowel that can be categorized as a voiced bilabial glide that is + anterior and + continuant is the A. /w/. B. /j/. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 uninterested in eating." The nursing staff indicates that he eats minimally during breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Reportedly, the patient seems to be unable to produce intelligible speech, and the certified nursing assistants are unable to understand him. Sydney's wife indicated that prior to his hospitalization he was an outgoing person and coached high school football. As previously stated, Sydney has trouble swallowing. During the modified barium swallowing study, the clinician also noted that he has a delay in the pharyngeal stage of swallowing. The clinician observed that he had a 5-second delay before the pharyngeal swallow was triggered. The clinician noted in the chart that the average duration of a normal pharyngeal swallow is A. 1 second. B. 2 seconds. C. 3 seconds. D. 4 seconds. - Answer A. 1 second. You are performing a diagnostic evaluation on Belle, a 4-year-old girl, who was brought to the clinic by her mother due to concerns about her daughter's speech. During the evaluation, you note that Belle often produces /t/ instead of /k/ in the initial position of words. She also produced /w/ for /l/ in the word, leaf, and /d/ for /dÊ'/ in the word jump. Which of the following is an active phonological process that is not appropriate for Belle's age and should be addressed during therapy? A. Gliding B. Final consonant deletion C. Stopping /dÊ'/ D. Fronting - Answer D. Fronting Jaxon, a 78-year-old male, recently experienced a cerebrovascular accident leading to damage of the border areas between the tissues that are supplied by the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. His speech is nonfluent, although his repetition of words and sentences is preserved. All other aspects of Jaxon's language are severely impaired. Jaxon most likely presents with: A. Global aphasia B. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Transcortical motor aphasia C. Transcortical sensory aphasia D. Mixed transcortical aphasia - Answer D. Mixed transcortical aphasia A 49-year-old patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident and suffered damage to the cerebellum or brainstem vestibular nuclei. He was experiencing problems with articulation and prosody. He also exhibited slurred speech and discoordination of sounds. His direction, force, and timing of movements were affected. The physician diagnosed him with: A. Hyperkinetic dysarthria B. Ataxic dysarthria C. Flaccid dysarthria D. Spastic dysarthria - Answer B. Ataxic dysarthria Select the statement that is true of conduction aphasia. A. It is caused by widespread lesions in the entire perisylvian region. B. It is characterized by good syntax, prosody, and articulation. C. Its lesion sites are more definitive than for other types of aphasia. D. Speech associated with it is as fluent as it is in Wernicke's aphasia - Answer B. It is characterized by good syntax, prosody, and articulation. An opera singer complains that she is unable to maintain adequate breath support to produce her optimal voice. You want to measure the singer's lung volume to check for adequate breath support for optimal voice. You will need to measure ___________, which is the volume of air that the singer can exhale after a maximal inhalation. A. tidal volume B. vital capacity C. total lung capacity D. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 residual air - Answer B. vital capacity The impedance meter can measure a simple reflex response of the muscles attached to the stapes bone. This reflex is called the A. stapes reflex. B. tympanic reflex. C. basilar membrane reflex. D. acoustic reflex. - Answer D. acoustic reflex. Using a likelihood ratio can be helpful when discussing test results with family members. If the test yields a positive result and the likelihood ratio for a positive result it 6.5, what does this mean? A. The client is six and a half times more likely to have a certain disorder than a client whose test is negative. B. The client is three and a half times more likely to have a to have a certain disorder than a client whose test is negative. C. The client is six and a half times less likely to have a certain disorder than a client whose test is negative. D. The client is three and a half times more likely to have a certain disorder than a client whose test is negative. - Answer A. The client is six and a half times more likely to have a certain disorder than a client whose test is negative. A researcher places surface electrodes on both sides of a patient's thyroid cartilage and passes a high-frequency electric current between the electrodes. The patient is asked to phonate while the electric current is applied to the electrodes. This procedure is called A. videostroboscopy. B. electroglottography. C. electromyography. D. laryngoscopy. - Answer B. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Before a surgeon performs a glossectomy, she informs the patient that the cranial nerves that innervate the tongue muscles will probably be damaged. Which of the following cranial nerves that innervate the tongue muscles will be affected by the operation? A. Cranial nerve X, vagus nerve B. Cranial nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve C. Cranial nerve XII, hypoglossal nerve D. Cranial nerve VII, facial nerve - Answer C. Cranial nerve XII, hypoglossal nerve Injuries in which the skull is fractured or perforated and the meninges are torn are called what? A. Penetrating head injury B. Exposed head injury C. Closed head injury D. Nonpenetrating head injury - Answer A. Penetrating head injury Disorders of the oral phase of a swallow are mainly due to A. an anterior, as opposed to a posterior, tongue movement. B. slippage of food into anterior and lateral sulcus. C. a reduced range of lateral mandibular movement. D. a difficulty in holding the bolus - Answer A. an anterior, as opposed to a posterior, tongue movement. In general, which two linguistic and communicative functions appear to be preserved with age? A. Word fluency skills B. Highly overlearned language functions like greetings Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 C. Reading accuracy D. Passive vocabulary/word recognition - Answer B. Highly overlearned language functions like greetings D. Passive vocabulary/word recognition Which of the following is true about myopathies? A. Myopathies have an affinity for lower motor neuron (LMN) cell bodies. B. Myopathies reflects mutations in genes that influence the suppression of tumors. C. Myopathies are not associated with sensory deficits or central nervous system (CNS) pathology. D. Myopathies are a group of disorders that involves regeneration of the stretch reflex. - Answer C. Myopathies are not associated with sensory deficits or central nervous system (CNS) pathology. This is an inherited degenerative disease that is associated with spasticity, lower motor neuron weakness, and difficulty coordinating voluntary motor movements: A. Multiple sclerosis B. Shy-Drager syndrome C. Progressive supranuclear palsy D. Freidrich's ataxia - Answer D. Freidrich's ataxia This theory identifies the process of therapy as an explanation of the process of language in order to achieve a desired function of language. Additionally, the theory defines aphasia as a series of processing deficits that can be specific to different modalities. Which theory is this? A. Schuell's (1964) stimulation approach B. Localization: Boston school C. Neurolinguistics D. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Cognitive neuropsychological - Answer D. Cognitive neuropsychological Though speech-language pathologists are less likely to be subject to liability claims, clinicians can still be held accountable for clinical actions and client-care judgments. What is the best way to avoid liability claims when existing medical conditions are involved? A. Clinicians should consult with a trusted colleague or supervisor regarding a patient's existing medical condition to guarantee that the correct decision is being made. B. Clinicians should complete the required course work regarding medical speech- language pathology. C. Clinicians should keep up-to-date records of the most recent and relevant medical information so that the information can be used to make better decisions. D. Clinicians should discuss possible surgical options with a patient to improve function and then recommend surgery. - Answer C. Clinicians should keep up-to-date records of the most recent and relevant medical information so that the information can be used to make better decisions. Which of the following is not true about the fringe vocabulary set of an augmentative and alternative communication device? A. It includes words that occur frequently in typical speech. B. It typically includes nouns. C. It includes vocabulary specific to the individual. D. It may include names of people or places. - Answer A. It includes words that occur frequently in typical speech What are the two steps of developing contrastive stress? A. Maintaining a single prosodic element and prosodic integration of two words into a one-tone unit B. Maintaining a single prosodic element and prosodic integration of two words into a two-tone unit C. Prosodic integration of two words into a one-tone unit and maintaining a single prosodic element D. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Many specialists believe that the comprehensiveness of the subcortical structures result in the best recovery for: A. Anomic aphasia B. Wernicke's aphasia C. Broca's aphasia D. Global aphasia - Answer C. Broca's aphasia What are the developmental domains that IDEA Part C requires regarding an early intervention evaluation? A. Cognitive, communication, and physical development B. Social-emotional, communication, physical, adaptive skills, and cognitive development C. Physical, communication, cognitive, and social-emotional development D. Communication, physical, adaptive skills, and cognitive development - Answer B. Social-emotional, communication, physical, adaptive skills, and cognitive development A clinician is working with a child in therapy. The goal of the clinician is to have the child use an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device and match objects on a table to pictures on the device during a structured activity in a quiet setting. This is an example of which of the following goals? A. Integrated goal B. Isolated goal C. Individual goal D. Long-term goal - Answer B. Isolated goal A 4-year-old-child, Abby, is referred by her pediatrician to a multidisciplinary clinic where speech-language pathologists and audiologists work with a variety of other health care professionals. The pediatrician is concerned because Abby has had many middle ear infections and several sets of pressure equalizing (PE) tubes. At her preschool, the teacher says that she "tunes out" and has difficulty following Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 directions. Her mother says that, at home, Abby always requests that music and TV be turned up louder. Thus, the pediatrician wants her to have a thorough evaluation of her hearing. If Abby has difficulty with homophonous pairs, she would have trouble distinguishing between words like A. bat-mat B. trash-cash C. horn-corn D. show-row - Answer A. bat-mat In selecting the fluency-shaping technique, clinicians should consider that it A. often leads to relapse of stuttering. B. is known to promote long-term maintenance of fluency. C. does not induce unnatural prosodic features. D. is the most effective treatment available for preschoolers - Answer A. often leads to relapse of stuttering. If an African American adult patient in a hospital setting says, "I been had the measles when I was a kid," this is an example of A. circumlocution. B. semantic paraphasia. C. a perfective construction. D. the use of an additional auxiliary. - Answer C. a perfective construction. A patient displays persistent aphonia in the absence of any organic cause. The clinician decides to implement behavioral therapy. The following techniques are characteristic of behavioral therapy to treat aphonia, except: A. Masking B. Progressive relaxation leading to reduction in muscle tension Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 C. Chant-talk method D. Yawn-sigh approach - Answer C. Chant-talk method This consonant is modeled as a tube with a very severe constriction, the air exiting the constriction is turbulent, zeros or antiformants can be found in the spectrum, and because of the turbulence, there is no periodicity unless accompanied by voicing. These characteristics describe which types of consonants? A. Stops B. Fricatives C. Affricates D. Nasals - Answer B. Fricatives Parkinson's disease is called a movement disorder because of the tremors and the slowing and stiffening that occur. The cells used to make dopamine are impaired in those with Parkinson's. Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily responsible for controlling movement, emotional responses, and the ability to feel pleasure and pain? A. Acetylcholine B. Norepinephrine C. Dopamine D. Endorphin - Answer C. Dopamine Which of the following statements regarding dental deviations is false? A. Skeletal malocclusion involves deviations in the shape and dimensions of the mandible and maxilla. B. Dental malocclusion involves deviations in the positioning of individual teeth. C. In class I malocclusion, the arches themselves are generally aligned properly, but some individual teeth are misaligned. D. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Establish a positive relationship before collecting a sample. D. Consider the client's age and background to avoid asking questions that could be considered demeaning. - Answer A. Strive for a long sample in one environment where the client is most comfortable. A person with otosclerosis often has an audiogram reflecting Carhart's notch,which is A. a specific loss at 2,000 Hz, as indicated by air-conduction testing. B. a specific loss at 4,000 Hz, as indicated by both air- and bone-conduction testing. C. a specific loss at 2,000 Hz, as indicated by bone-conduction testing. D. specific losses at both 2,000 and 4,000 Hz, as indicated by bone-conduction testing. - Answer C. a specific loss at 2,000 Hz, as indicated by bone-conduction testing. An eighth grade English teacher refers Caitlyn, a girl who is having difficulty with language skills. The teacher reports that Caitlyn has a low vocabulary, syntactic problems, and difficulty with words with multiple meanings. You decide to evaluate Caitlyn through giving her increasing amounts of targeted, individual and small group support within the classroom setting before a special education referral is made. Caitlyn's progress is monitored, and there is increasingly intense and differentiated instruction. You are using which assessment model? A. evaluative informal assessment B. criterion-referenced assessment C. response to intervention D. portfolio assessment - Answer C. response to intervention You are assessing a 60-year-old woman for a possible diagnosis of aphasia. You are interested finding out the specific type of aphasia that the woman is experiencing. You notice that she has marked buccofacial apraxia. This condition alone might suggest which type of aphasia that the woman has? A. Wernicke's aphasia B. Anomic aphasia C. Transcortical sensory aphasia Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 D. Broca's aphasia - Answer D. Broca's aphasia A 60-year-old patient fell and hit his head on a bathtub, sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI). You have physician orders to evaluate his responsiveness and communication. When you screen this patient, he is generally unresponsive to verbal or tactile stimuli. The following assessments may be an appropriate choice for a full evaluation of this patient, except: A. The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test B. The Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Function C. The Glasgow Coma Scale D. The Disability Rating Scale - Answer A. The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test There are several different types of cancerous cells that may result in laryngeal cancer. What is the most common type of laryngeal cancer that develops in flat, scale-like cells lining the pharynx? A. Squamous cell carcinoma B. Spindle cell carcinoma C. Adenocarcinoma D. Lymphoepithelioma - Answer A. Squamous cell carcinoma A patient complains that her voice is soft, hoarse, low pitched, and breathy. After conducting an endoscopic evaluation, the laryngologist concludes that the patient has benign growths of thick, whitish patches on the surface membrane of the mucosa. The laryngologist asks his resident to diagnose the problem. The resident identifies the problem as A. hyperkeratosis. B. leukoplakia. C. hemangioma. D. a granuloma. - Answer B. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 leukoplakia. A clinician at a trauma center receives a referral of a 19-year-old college student, Peter, who was involved in a motorcycle accident. He recently received his motorcycle license. His parents stated, "He is a carefree young man who has always believed he was invincible." The medical chart indicates that Peter was riding his bike at high speeds and was not wearing a helmet when he crashed into a stationary delivery truck. The paramedic report indicates that he was thrown from his bike and went head first into the delivery truck. He was unconscious when he entered the hospital and was rushed to the emergency room. He suffered several fractures. His right leg is in a cast, and he has injuries to several parts of his body. The medical chart also indicates that he has a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and suffers many symptoms of TBI. Emergency surgery was performed to repair hematomas that were a result of the accident. While the speech-language pathologist is conducting a TBI assessment on Peter, the attending physician asks her student intern whether she knows which test is used to identify the motor, verbal, and eye opening response. The student intern promptly responds that it's the A. Traumatic Brain Injury Scale. B. TBI Checklist Scale. C. Glasgow Coma Scale. D. Ranchos Los Amigos Scale. - Answer C. Glasgow Coma Scale. Inflammatory myopathies are the largest group of acquired causes of skeletal muscle weakness and include all of the following except: A. Polymyositis (PM) B. Dermatomyositis (DM) C. Inclusion body myositis (IBM) D. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) - Answer D. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) A researcher wishes to assess the efficacy of the new Riverton method of training children to say /r/ accurately. He decides to use a single-subject design because he has a private practice where he serves a number of children who have w/r substitutions. The researcher needs to keep several concepts in mind as he begins his research. Which one of the following concepts is false? Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 People with which of the following genetic disorders are at the highest risk for developing Alzheimer's disease? A. Turner syndrome B. Sickle-cell disease C. Down syndrome D. Williams syndrome - Answer C. Down syndrome A professor is teaching a class the anatomy of the hearing mechanism. She asks her students, "What structure houses the sensory apparatus for hearing and resides between the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani?" A. Organ of Corti B. Stapedius C. Tensor tympani D. Cochlear duct - Answer D. Cochlear duct The concept of adequate construct validity means that A. several judges have agreed that a test has been constructed appropriately and measures what it purports to measure. B. test items have been judged to be relevant for measuring what the test purports to measure. C. the test accurately predicts future performance on a related task. D. test scores are consistent with theoretical concepts or expectations. - Answer D. test scores are consistent with theoretical concepts or expectations. A patient underwent a partial laryngectomy as a form of management for laryngeal cancer. You are explaining to a graduate student clinician that the area surrounding the larynx, including the pharyngoesophageal junction, right and left pyriform sinuses, lateral and posterior hypopharyngeal walls, and the post-cricoid region, is known as the: Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 A. Hypopharynx B. Supraglottis C. Subglottis D. Pharynx - Answer A. Hypopharynx In comparison with non-cleft peers, children with unrepaired cleft palates differ in which aspect of their consonant inventories in both manner and placement? More __________ Less _________ 1 Stops 2 Nasals 3 Glottals 4 Alveolars - Answer More Nasals Less Alveolars The theory that asserts that each child is born with an innate language acquisition device (LAD) is the A. nativist theory of Chomsky. B. cognitive theory of Piaget. C. behavioral theory of Skinner. D. social interactionist theory of Vygotsky - Answer A. nativist theory of Chomsky. A type of research in which independent variables have occurred in the past and the investigator tries to find potential causes of the dependent variables is called what? A. Efficacy research B. Ex post facto research C. Case study research D. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Survey research - Answer B. Ex post facto research Sound is defined as vibrations or disturbances of molecules in a medium. This means that A. the sound waves actually travel from point A to point B. B. sound waves are always audible; otherwise, we could not study them. C. a rigid medium can be as good as a flexible medium in transmitting sound. D. sound waves are disturbances in adjacent molecules within a medium. - Answer D. sound waves are disturbances in adjacent molecules within a medium. According to Brown's stages, what is the last morpheme to be acquired by a typical child? A. Prepositions B. Regular third-person -s C. Uncontractible auxiliary D. Contractible auxiliary - Answer D. Contractible auxiliary The process during which communicative behavior from the first language is carried over into the second language is called interference or transfer. Select all areas in which language transfer can occur: A. Syntax B. Morphology C. Pragmatics D. Phonology E. Semantics - Answer A. Syntax B. Morphology C. Pragmatics Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 A constriction in the oral cavity near a volume velocity maximum C. A constriction in the pharynx D. A constriction in the oral cavity near a pressure minimum - Answer C. A constriction in the pharynx Linguavelars are produced by A. raising the tip of the tongue to make contact with the alveolar ridge. B. the tongue coming in contact with the hard palate. C. the back of the tongue rising to contact the velum. D. the tongue making contact with the upper teeth. - Answer C. the back of the tongue rising to contact the velum. A 32-year-old patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident. He is a ventilator- dependent patient with a tracheostomy tube in place. Because the ventilator controls the respiratory cycle, the patient cannot lengthen exhalations; however, the physician recommends trial therapy for tolerance for swallowing. In preparing for feeding and swallowing, which of the following is recommended? A. Have the patient sit in the bed at a 120-degree angle before occluding the patient's tracheostomy. B. It is preferable to present food to the patient at the end of the exhalation phase of the respiratory cycle. C. It is preferable to present food to the patient at the beginning of the exhalation phase of the respiratory cycle. D. It is too dangerous to present food. Immediately recommend NPO - Answer C. It is preferable to present food to the patient at the beginning of the exhalation phase of the respiratory cycle. When apraxia of speech is characterized by limited vocalizations, there are some techniques that may be successful during speech therapy. Which of the following is not a technique that can elicit vocalizations in patients with apraxia who are mute? A. Singing B. Automatic speech tasks C. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Pushing on the abdomen D. Self-learning - Answer D. Self-learning In the following stage of stuttering modification therapy, clients are asked to confront the disorder, review core behaviors, raise the threshold of fixations and oscillations, and judge listener reactions: A. Modification B. Stabilization C. Desensitization D. Identification - Answer C. Desensitization All of the following could be techniques used in therapy when treating a pediatric case of tongue retracting except? A. Alter feeding position, try head slightly flexed with close chin-down position. B. Begin at the middle of the upper lip and tap to the corner of the mouth; repeat on the other side. C. Alter feeding utensil; try a longer nipple. D. Apply rhythmic tapping under base of chin. - Answer B. Begin at the middle of the upper lip and tap to the corner of the mouth; repeat on the other side. Recognition is very important in caregiver-infant attachment because it is the ability of two individuals to attend to and recognize each other's presence, as distinguished from that of others. Before therapy begins, it is important to recognize an infant's signals for recognition. Infants signal recognition through all of the following except: A. Sucking B. Crying C. Calmness D. Fixation - Answer D. Fixation Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 As a speech-language pathologist, which of the following is not something you would treat if your client is diagnosed with cerebral palsy? A. Treatment of language disorders B. Treatment of articulation and phonological disorders C. Managing non-associated attentional problems D. Managing associated sensory problems - Answer C. Managing non-associated attentional problems You refer a patient to an audiologist because you suspect that the patient might have a hearing loss. You ask the audiologist to inform you about the patient's threshold of hearing for selected frequencies. In response to your request, the audiologist will A. tell you the intensity at which tones are faintly heard at least 75% of the time they are presented in a pure-tone hearing test. B. inform you of the intensity level at which tones are faintly heard at least 25% of the time in a speech reception threshold test. C. inform you of the intensity level at which tones are faintly heard at least 50% of the time in a masked speech reception threshold test. D. tell you that the threshold of hearing is the quietest sound a human can detect. - Answer D. tell you that the threshold of hearing is the quietest sound a human can detect. Dylan, a 3-year-old, comes to your office for an evaluation. You review normative data to determine whether Dylan is developing within normal limits. All of the following statements are reasons you should not over-rely on developmental norms except: A. Norms do not accurately tell us how well a child's sounds are developing. B. A norm is only an average age at which a behavior occurs and refers to a hypothetical child. C. True norms are collected from and apply to a normal, randomly selected sample— these samples rarely exist in the real world. D. Different norms are rarely in agreement with each other due to factors such as where or when the study was conducted. - Answer A. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Bite block C. Tongue depressor D. Endoscopic evaluation - Answer B. Bite block Which of the following is not true about the Rancho Los Amigos Scale of Cognitive Levels (RLAS) and the Rancho Los Amigos Scale-Revised (RLAS-R)? A. They were designed to include a more comprehensive estimate of the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of patients with traumatic brain injuries. B. They measure patients with brain injuries according to their arousal, responsiveness, restlessness, attention, memory, executive ability, and levels of independence. C. The length of time that a patient remains at each level of the RLAS is related to the eventual outcome of the patient's recovery. D. The five highest levels of the RLAS are more sensitive to language impairments than the five lowest levels. - Answer C. The length of time that a patient remains at each level of the RLAS is related to the eventual outcome of the patient's recovery. A screening test for hearing that uses a vibrating tuning fork (which is placed on the middle of the forehead) to detect unilateral conductive hearing loss and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss is called the A. chi-squared test. B. Mann-Whitney U test. C. Weber test. D. Wilcoxon signed-rank test - Answer C. Weber test. Priscilla, a 15-year-old patient with a diagnosis of velocardiofacial syndrome, is seen in an outpatient facility. A clinician is currently seeing this patient for language and articulation deficits; however, she notices increased coughing and laryngeal pumping as Priscilla was having a snack. Priscilla's mother noted that this was common, but that she did not think that is was an issue. Further evaluation is recommended, but it is possible that Priscilla has: A. Pharyngeal hypotonia Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 B. Nasal regurgitation C. Oral apraxia D. Decreased anterior to posterior transit time - Answer A. Pharyngeal hypotonia You receive a phone call and a report from the otolaryngologist that Allison will indeed need phonosurgery for the presence of bilateral vocal fold polyps (the right polyp is larger than the left). The otolaryngologist wants you to obtain quantitative measurements of Allison's voice before phonosurgery; he wants to use these baseline measures as a comparison with measures taken after phonosurgery to evaluate whether the phonosurgery was successful. To obtain these quantitative measurements, you will probably use A. esophageal manometry. B. indirect laryngoscopy. C. a sound spectrograph. D. a Nasometer - Answer C. a sound spectrograph. Individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) need to be able to select icons on a device. What type of selection technique involves activating a switch to make a selection while the device sequentially presents each option? A. Direct selection B. Scanning C. Encoding D. Fingerspelling - Answer B. Scanning Choose that statement that best explains the difference between the valleculae and the pyriform sinus. A. The pyriform sinus is the space between the thyroid cartilage and aryepiglottic membrane and the valleculae is the space between the tongue and epiglottis. B. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 The pyriform sinus is the space between the tongue and epiglottis and the valleculae is the space between the thyroid cartilage and aryepiglottic membrane. C. The pyriform sinus is the space between the two ventricular folds and the valleculae is the space between the two thryoarytenoid muscles. D. The pyriform sinus is the space between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage and the valleculae is the space between the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage. - Answer A. The pyriform sinus is the space between the thyroid cartilage and aryepiglottic membrane and the valleculae is the space between the tongue and epiglottis. A client who stutters mentions to his speech-language pathologist that his social life is limited. He states, "No one will talk to me because I stutter." This is an example of the common defense mechanism known as A. displacement. B. projection. C. repression. D. rationalization. - Answer D. rationalization. Communication deficits are common in TBI. Which disorder occurs in one third of the TBI population? A. Aphasia B. Apraxia C. Dysarthria D. Dementia - Answer C. Dysarthria With regard to human communication, which of the following viewpoints is a rule- based system of language codes for expressing and understanding thoughts, feelings, and ideas? A. Behavioral B. Analytical C. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Introduce compensatory articulatory positioning where appropriate. Anne is a 65-year-old client diagnosed with spastic dysarthria who was just added to your caseload at the skilled nursing where you work. Before visiting Anne for therapy, you look through her medical chart in order to familiarize yourself with her deficits and current goals. In her chart, it states that she physically suffers from spastic paralysis, limited range of movement, and slowness of movement. Many notes describe Anne's speech as extremely strained and slow. The past clinician states, "During articulation therapy, Anne struggles with range of movement, tongue strength, and speech rate." You also read that Anne's major speech problems include imprecisely produced consonants, reduced stress, and hypernasality. Furthermore, you read that it is highly recommended by Anne's previous clinician that you first work to increase Anne's vocal loudness to control the extent of hypernasality during therapy sessions. Based on Anne's deficits, what is the expected cause of her diagnosis? A. Unilateral damage to an upper motor neuron B. Unilateral damage to a lower motor neuron C. Bilateral damage to an upper motor neuron D. Bilateral damage to a lower motor neuron - Answer C. Bilateral damage to an upper motor neuron Variations in vocal frequency, or frequency perturbation, are known as A. jitter. B. shimmer. C. amplitude perturbation. D. fundamental frequency variation. - Answer A. jitter. John has cerebral palsy that has resulted in a motor speech disorder caused by central nervous system damage. This damage has caused him to have weakness and incoordination of the muscles of speech. His speech is classified as A. paraphasic. B. dysarthric. C. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 apraxic. D. aphasic. - Answer B. dysarthric. When completing a language evaluation, it is important for a speech-language pathologist to understand the basic elements of language. The five components of language include semantics, syntax, morphology, pragmatics, and phonology. Which component of language refers to the rules governing grammatical constellation of language units? A. Phonologic B. Morphologic C. Syntactic D. Semantic - Answer C. Syntactic Peter has suffered a cerebrovascular accident (CVA); the neurologist reports lesions in the third convolution of the left cerebral hemisphere. Based on this, you conclude that the damaged area is A. the occipital lobe. B. the basal ganglia. C. Wernicke's area. D. Broca's area. - Answer D. Broca's area. A child is referred to a hospital-based clinician for assessment and treatment. In the child's chart, it is stated that the child has a syndrome caused by spontaneous autosomal dominant mutations. The gene and the locus of this syndrome is FGR2 at 10q25-26. The child has midfacial hypoplasia, an arched and grooved hard palate, and mild mental retardation. What does the child have? A. Trisomy 13 B. Angelman syndrome C. Apert syndrome D. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Turner syndrome - Answer C. Apert syndrome According to the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory, vibration of the vocal folds depends on which four of the following factors? 1 Airflow 2 Muscle action of the tensor tympani 3 Elasticity 4 Heightened noise 5 Muscle action 6 Sound pressure level 7 Pressure - Answer 1 Airflow 3 Elasticity 5 Muscle action 7 Pressure Marisa's mother takes her to the emergency room because she notices a foul- smelling discharge coming from Marisa's ear. The doctor examines Marisa's ear and sees that her tympanic membrane is permanently ruptured. The doctor explains to Marisa's mother that he will need to repair the tympanic membrane by using which of the following surgical procedures? - Answer A. Myringoplasty B. Myringotomy C. Middle ear fusion D. Microtia How do most professionals generally categorize cerebral palsy? A. Prenatal, perinatal, postnatal Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 Increased range of movement B. Decreased range of movement C. Variable range of movement D. No change in range of movement - Answer B. Decreased range of movement Speech is a dynamic process requiring precisely coordinated articulatory movements for the sequencing of sounds to ultimately produce words. What is common among children with cerebral palsy? A. Apraxia B. Flaccidity C. Speech impairment D. Hyponasality - Answer C. Speech impairment Which of the following are subcortical degenerative dementias A. Alzheimer's disease B. Wilson's disease C. Parkinson's disease D. Progressive supranuclear palsy - Answer B. Wilson's disease C. Parkinson's disease D. Progressive supranuclear palsy You are taking a language sample from an 8-year-old child. One of his utterances is "I will go to school tomorrow if I am not sick." This is an example of a A. compound sentence with an independent and a dependent clause. B. complex sentence with an independent and a dependent clause. C. complex sentence with two independent clauses. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 D. complex sentence with two dependent clauses. - Answer B. complex sentence with an independent and a dependent clause. Yasmina, a 68-year-old patient, presented with a weak vocal intensity, weak cough/throat clear, and aspiration as per a videofluoroscopic swallow study results. She is making minimal progress in therapy. Following your request, her physician ordered an ENT consult that indicated paresis of her left vocal fold, causing the inability for her vocal folds to meet at midline and resultant poor airway protection. This was reported to her physician, who decided that medical intervention was necessary. Which of the following medical treatment procedures would likely be recommended for Yasmina? A. Cricopharyngeal myotomy B. Collagen injection into the vocal folds C. Pharyngostomy D. Gastrostomy - Answer B. Collagen injection into the vocal folds When you evaluated Victoria, a 6-year-old client, you had difficulties distinguishing the contribution of different articulators as she spoke. You decide that during treatment, you should utilize a bite block. This device would stabilize which articulator(s) so that all others can be further evaluated and exercised? A. Tongue B. Maxilla C. Mandible D. Teeth - Answer C. Mandible Which of the following is a homophonous pair? A. carat-carrot B. let-wet C. most-host D. she-be - Answer A. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 carat-carrot When treating a patient with tongue thrust and articulation errors, some clinician believe that modifying __________________ should be treated before articulation errors. A. Nasal regurgitation B. Velum placement C. Sound segmentation D. Tongue position and lip closure - Answer D. Tongue position and lip closure You are watching an experienced clinician conduct swallowing therapy for a 68-year- old woman with dysphagia. You note that the clinician teaches the patient to tilt the head forward while swallowing, switches between liquid and semisolid swallows, and applies gentle pressure on one side of the thyroid cartilage during the swallow. This kind of treatment is appropriate for the disorders of which of the following phases? A. The oral preparatory phase B. The oral phase C. The pharyngeal phase D. The esophageal phase - Answer C. The pharyngeal phase A speech-language pathologist in a rehabilitation setting is treating an adult. The goal of the clinician is to have the adult use a communication device to make sentences with the correct use of various basic grammatical concepts when describing a set of pictures. This is an example of which of the following goals? A. Long-term goal B. Unrealistic goal C. Isolated goal D. Integrated goal - Answer C. Isolated goal Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 had a ratio of .87. B. had a ratio of .91. C. had a ratio of 1.4. D. had a ratio of 1.0. - Answer A. had a ratio of .87. When screening in a school setting, what is one of the most important steps in the identification process of a language disorder A. Obtaining information from the teacher on how the language impairment affects academic performance B. Seeing how the child interacts with peers C. Identifying the specific language disorder D. Observing pragmatic behaviors during the screening - Answer A. Obtaining information from the teacher on how the language impairment affects academic performance Which type of laryngectomy physically separates the gastrointestinal tract from the respiratory tract? A. Partial laryngectomy B. Total laryngectomy C. Horizontal laryngectomy D. Subglottic laryngectomy - Answer B. Total laryngectomy Hearing loss that occurs when the middle ear and the inner ear are not functioning properly is known as A. sensorineural hearing loss. B. middle ear hearing loss. C. mixed hearing loss. D. conductive hearing loss. - Answer C. Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 mixed hearing loss. Clyde, a 72-year-old man with Parkinson's disease has a reduced range of movement of his upper limbs due to rigidity. How will his reduced range of movement affect the size of the selection display of an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device? A. The size of the selection display will need to be increased. B. The size of the selection display will need to be reduced. C. The size of the selection display will stay the same. D. The size of the selection display will not be impacted because this individual does not qualify for AAC. - Answer B. The size of the selection display will need to be reduced. The Visi-Pitch is one of the most popular instruments used to measure pitch. If a clinician uses the Visi-Pitch, which of the following results can be obtained? A. Frequency range, optimal pitch, and habitual pitch B. Frequency range, nasality, and resonance C. Optimal pitch, nasality, and resonance D. Frequency range, habitual pitch, and resonance - Answer A. Frequency range, optimal pitch, and habitual pitch The Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile (WNSSP) was designed to do what? A. Compensate for some of the deficiencies of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) B. Assess cognitive function and to monitor changes in a patient with a brain injury who is severely impaired and slow to recover C. Determine levels of consciousness of a patient D. Assess how responsive a patient is - Answer B. Assess cognitive function and to monitor changes in a patient with a brain injury who is severely impaired and slow to recover A'dab, a 4-year-old, was referred to you by her teacher, Mrs. Kocher. The teacher comments that A'dab has limited vocabulary, has difficulty during transition of activities, and struggles to interact with her peers. Mrs. Kocher also notes that Advanced Review Practice Questions SLP Exam Perfectly Solved 2023 A'dab's art skills surpass all students in the class. She mentions that A'dab displays certain abilities that exceed the average, especially her ability to memorize. You performed a preliminary screening and noticed several communication deficits; however, you noticed that A'dab could calculate very fast, had good musical ability, and was very adept at map making. During the parent interview, A'dab's mother, Aabidah, mentions that she is worried about A'dab's ability to make friends because at home, "she does not ever talk about other kids in her class, and she tends to isolate herself with her toys during play dates." Aabidah indicated that A'dab is like a human calendar. The neurodevelopmental specialist diagnoses A'dab with? A. Down syndrome B. Savant syndrome C. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder D. Obsessive compulsive disorder - Answer B. Savant syndrome If the hyoid bone is partially or completely removed secondary to cancer, which would be the most damaged? A. Laryngeal suspension and elevation B. False vocal fold constriction C. Thyroid tilt D. Epiglottic inversion - Answer A. Laryngeal suspension and elevation The ability of a child to modify her understanding of a changing environment often becomes evident during early language development. The ability of a child to exhibit assimilation and accommodation when presented with a new environment are features of: A. Equilibrium B. Imitation C. Organization D. Adaptation - Answer D.