Review of Medical Terminology, Exams of Nursing

Download Review of Medical Terminology and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Test 5 Review: Chapter 5 & 6 Chapter 5: -What does a hematologist do? physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissues -What does a cardiologist do? physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the heart -What is the condition of having an abnormally slow resting heartbeat? Bradycardia -What carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? Pulmonary Arteries -What is systolic pressure? occurs when the ventricles contract, highest pressure (top # in BP reading) -What is diastolic pressure? occurs when the ventricles are relaxed, the lowest pressure (bottom # in BP reading) -What blocks the enzyme action that causes the blood vessels to contract? ACE Inhibitor -What is the most common type of white blood cells? Lymphocytes -What is hemoglobin? the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes -What is ventricular fibrillation and what does it usually cause? (aka v-fib), consists of rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles. Condition is the cause of many sudden cardiac deaths -What is a holter monitor? a portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continuously monitor the heart rates and rhythms over a 24-48 hour period -What term describes a decrease in the number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood? Leukopenia -What medication is administered to control irregularities of the heartbeat? Antiarrhythmic -What is heart failure? occurs most commonly in the elderly, chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump out all the blood that it receives -What is cardiopulmonary resuscitation? (hint:CPR) (CPR), an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression -What is ischemic heart disease? group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart -What is administered a few hours after a heart attack or stroke to dissolve the damaging blood clots? Tissue plasminogen activator -What is a stent? wire-mesh tube that is commonly placed after the artery has been opened. Provides support for the arterial wall -Which type of bacteria forms a chain? Spirochette -What is polyarteritis? a form of vasculitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time -What is the abnormal protrusion of a heart valve? Valvular prolapse -Which condition is known as iron overload disease? Hemochromatosis -What is antiangiogenesis? Form of treatment that disrupts the blood supply to the tumor Chapter 6: -What is a needle breast biopsy? technique in which an x-ray-guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast -Which highly contagious viral respiratory infection is commonly known as the flu? Influenza -Which blood test is most accurate at confirming the presence of HIV? Western blot test -What is secondary lymphedema? caused by damage to lymphatic vessels caused by cancer treatment, surgery, radiation scarring, injuries, or burns -What is a medication used to treat viral infections known as? Antiviral -What are monocytes and what do they do? leukocytes that provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms. -What is a mass of lymphoid tissue located above the heart? Thymus -What is a small, bean shaped structure containing specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens? Lymph nodes -Which type of lymph nodes are located along the sides of the neck? Cervical lymph nodes -What are B cells and what do they do? specialized, produce antibodies, each one makes a special antibody that is capable of destroying a specific antigen -What is natural immunity and what is another term it can be called? aka passive immunity, resistance to a disease present without the administration of an antigen or exposure to the disease, either present at birth or it is passed on from mother to child through breast milk -What are viruses? very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells -What is cancer? class of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues -What is soft tissue sarcoma and what is an example of it? cancers of the muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels. (ex: synovial sarcoma) -What is a breast self-examination? self care procedure for the early detection of breast cancer -What is a radical mastectomy? surgical removal of the entire breast and nipple -What is the use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated called? Brachytherapy -What is West Nile virus and how is it spread? Is a virus that spreads to the spinal cord and brain. Is spread by mosquito bites -What is tolerance? an acquired unresponsiveness to a specific antigen. -What term means bleeding from the lungs? Pneumorrhagia -What is bronchiectasis? permanent dilation of the bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation -What is inhalation? act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward -What is a wedge resection? a surgery in which a small wedge shaped piece of cancerous lung tissue is removed, along with a margin of healthy tissue around the cancer -What is diaphragmatic breathing? aka abdominal breathing, a relaxation technique used to relieve anxiety -What term describes the surgical repair of parts of the nasal septum? Septoplasty -What is hyperbaric oxygen therapy? involves breathing pure oxygen in a special chamber that allow air pressure to be raised up to 3x higher than normal -Which type of pneumonia is contracted during a stay in the hospital when a patient’s defenses are impaired? Hospital-acquired pneumonia (nosocomial) -What is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States? Lung cancer -What is pneumonia? serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids Chapter 8: -What is the fourth part of the colon that joins the rectum? Sigmoid colon -What is halitosis? aka bad breath, unpleasant odor coming from the mouth that can be caused by dental diseases or respiratory/gastric disorders -What is stomatomycosis? disease of the mouth due to fungus -Which structure secretes bile? Liver -What is the last and longest portion of the small intestine? Ileum -What is the diverticulum? a small pouch or sac found in the lining or wall of a tubular organ such as the colon -What is bruxism? involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension or stress -What does an orthodontist do? dental specialist who prevents or corrects malocclusion of the teeth and related facial structures -What is pica? abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substances, such as dirt, paint or clay, that lasts for at least one month -Which term is also known as vomiting? Emesis -What is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? describes the accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little to no alcohol -Which type of hepatitis is transmitted mainly through contamination of food and water with infected fecal matter? Hepatitis A -What term means surgical removal of all or part of the stomach? Gastrectomy -What are antacids? neutralize the acids in the stomach, taken to relieve the discomfort of conditions such as pyrosis -What is a strangulated hernia? occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia, causing ischemia (insufficient oxygen) -What term is also known as a harelip? Cleft lip Otorhinolaryngologist – aka ENT, a physician who specialized in training in the diagnosis/treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck Sinusitis – inflammation of the sinuses Aphonia – loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds Silicosis – caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs and usually occurs after working in jobs including foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, sandblasting Tachypnea – abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually more than 20 breaths per minute Sleep apnea – potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long-enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels Cyanosis – bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by lack of adequate oxygen in the blood Bronchodilator – a medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs Eructation – act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach Melena – the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools