Alcohol and Phenol notes, Study notes of Chemistry

Download Alcohol and Phenol notes and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Alcoho/s, Pheno/s anol Effers a? Alcohols are “te hyolrong adereiva fives of alpha fic hyolrro- ' carrhons whenrcas phenols arce The. hyotreony herve of crcenes Yn WArch OH group 15 olirrec tly Linkect fo the qreomea We. rein, > R—H —_? R—OH + (4 /kane ) ( Alcohol) —H OH Cprser? ( Alrene) ( Phenol) Ethers are ohfaneef hy subs fitting Q Ayelrieger atom of hydlreocarrhon by ar alhang GhOUp en hy Rep een. H-atom of —0H Jf Mp In alcohe/ by alky/ Greer. ar) _ TH sy oO RH + OR, ROK ( alkane) (Ether) Classifica ton ! \. pesto aloohe/ * Alcohol, van | renveining only one alky| Group 78 calle preimareg alcoho/. 4 CH ‘ a ) Igs— C H CH, —CH —~ CH, OH | HW 2. Seconclan d aleohe/s Alcehels con teinin -fiwe alka! groups arre. calleof eco rial ats sleehot CH,—CH—OH CHa GH~ CH, CHa CH3 OH 3. Tentrony alcohe/, Aleohels containing Ph reee al ky | INUPs ane ralleof fen Pare alcoho!. CHa CH, omen OK ] ‘OH CH; Y. Alkyl ic. alcoho/? In fhese alcohols —OH Orenp is [inkeol to sp? hy breiolis eel carrion nent fo C=C benof, CH, == CH—CH, OH In Cas f @ : : D Unga mme triica/ alkene, She per aololsfior oO waterr Molecule fakes Plerce. accorreling to Marehowon: kolt's rele mt OH CH, CH=cH, Sq 2 ho ~ cn, duc, (Preapene) ( Prropan-2-o1) Ww) > h yolrrohor ra4ory Ontcla tions In fAis mevhoaf alkene vs Firest heateof wih, oiborvane. anol Shen freeateot with warert 19 press of hyctrogen perconvele for jnchrrect gololikion of poo vert In SAis rene fi-Merrrko wont koh molecule fakes place by rule. , follawing An — L 3 CH,—CH = Ch, + 3 (8%) ——9 (CHaCH,C% ) B ( Preopene) ( Tripreopy/ borcane J CH, CH, He O2/ OP (crs 2H, 3 Sg? 3 CHgCH, CHO + BCOH), ( Proje 1-01 ) CHa : s. tf 3 —C= W 2IBH. C3 —C = CH 216M). _, CH,—CH—CH0H Li) 420, /oH7 ( 2. methyl] preopene ° (% methy/ preopan-I-o/ ) ‘C) O _Mercetra Hen - emer cura tien, reachen § In His mefheel alkene js “teoaleof wilh mercuric, acetate I THE-waterr soh,fion, The preoctuet forced is. then put fo recluchior, wilh Natit, to fore) an alcoho/, nm This reeacfior She net aicleli Hor of voaterr ule, takes Place. as pert Marrkavonik off 5 es CH CHh—CH = cn, {ts} Hg _ —cH—CH THE-GO ChH;-Ch, 2 (utene ) OH OCOCH, Hy~ CH, CH CH, —_ ait. CHy~CH;— CH CH. | | OH” OH Hp Oeneny, OH ( Butan-2-0/ ) chs Ha I{cH,coo} Ha —_ = —C—CH CH; CH, — p CH, 2 Naty ? CHy— CH>— © 3 OH ( 2-re thy) buban~ 2-01) 2. feorm 4!ky/ halicles ie When ar alky/ halide is reeflunec! w/t ag ueot KOH selu4or), aleoho/ resulAs , RCM Bre + KOH Cag.) ——> RCH,OM + KBr Chg CH, Bre + KOH( 49.) ——9 CH, CHOP + K/3r¢ ( Ethy|frrornicle ) ( Efbano/ ) When KOH is replacec/ by roeakerr Base. such (G) alcohof 15 phfainect ” heft aS moist Silver onicle , yie lol, Moi 4 | st Nge0 > 0, HOM 4 Ag Br Ch, Bre 4 Aq OH ( Efhano! ) ( Ethy] brromrle ) 3. Aron bskresé heate al with Aqueous alkali, When esherr 9S force atror) hydrolysis fakes place resulting in fbe of alcchol (esfer) CHCOOGMS * ( ethy/acotate) KoH—? CH,COOK + Cob OH (e*Aanol) 1 from Alelehyeles and Ketenes? (a) Catalytic hyotragen offer : Ayoles anot kefones are of catalyst guch as Nr heateof vw/thA Hs When clole or Pe at 473K wn pire ser ce. the form primary an J 6 y wi CHC FP Taya? Hach OW ( Acetakdehyole ) ( Ethane) of seconclany aleohe/ respechy, %. Ono proen 2 ee Alcohols com he obtaned on a large scale by /kene , carr hon mon ona ot (cobalt can bonyl) hen an alley an a pacing a myn Pree. of cate ly anel hyelreegen overt A of press UE Ww at high Jom pered huee an ef as an initial pr . enation yielols proma"g alcohol. He/ Nis CHa F coth, [cocco) CHC cHO CHgCH,CHO- : ee) (_Preepy/ aleohe ( Ethene) 15 forrme on hydreeg ( propionalele Propere hes! reopercFes + = embercs ale Ce volatile (guicls lourc/e $s (a) Lowerr ™E while hyg here ones are solicls, Merhy/ alechol 8 4 nerve Posen ano! ff causes blinclness. Ethy/ aleohe/ causes central nervous Sys hey - saab: Lower alcohols a re comple teh so . wore wy, pre mise b/ j oferr, The solubility decreases cP oe 2 with aye Ir) mo/secular mas olepnessant achor on She. 3. Boiling poids’ sca ferre. The alcohols boil at ferirehy highe fem pe Shot 1” $s comparreot to avy) alcohol, a larcge. number of mole J fo cach ofherr by ipferemo lecular hyelrragen ponoling. The degree of hyolrragen benoling in lsomer?c alcohols has » the oreelert 3 rp >2r3 Hence. fhe ofecreas ng, ore ys h : Pr» 2>3° / Properties of Aleoho/. clerr of bonting poms Chemica I. Reacfions invelving ROM benef Prssrony (a) Wwirh alkal; meral é : ACH OH 4 2Na—— & CH,ONex + Hy (Me fhane/) (Scofiem me tho nicole) 3 (CHy) cHOM +A ——al(ck,)cno] ar +d H 3 (Jsepreopyy/ ( Muri njpuwy alcohol) Tsoproponiels ) eo) Action with Alkali metal hyctreicles ; Boy form metal alkonicle anol Hyelreger, GHOH 4 NaH GH,ONa + AL, ( Pano!) (Soclium eth onicte ) (C) Action with Greignentel’s neagent, Theg roact with Gnignorralt reeegent to alkanes, R-OH +R'Mo ¥ > R-Ht Ma (OR) K (Alcohol) ( Gretgnarel ( Alkane) reagent) Co He OH + CH M9 Bar (etbanel ) (Mety/ magne star reoricte ) Fore 5 Cg + Mg (0G He) Bar (me Phare) (ct) With Oreganrc aciols ! ( Eskertifica Kon ) When of) alcohol rs heakecl with ot carbonyls ALT acief jn preeSenee of conc Hp SC, forem an csverr, 3 is of rover sihle pirocess known as £sferiBreahon Thi RCOOH + HOR! tes RCOOR +Hed ( Combowylte oe NW Ateohol J ( Ester) CH, COOH 4+ HOGH. === CH, COOMGH, FDO ( Mestre acid }( Etbanel J (chysacehh J , ; OS e Onidlation of aleohols? ~ etn oF alcohols: l, Pretrniting alcohol,’ ON onclaben with monietising ages us acicli Prec chreomare, it gee recclily oun Vseof ve aldehydes. The aldehyole , forrmed gets Fre fhert ovnicliseo! fo carrbouy lic acicl, C CH, CHOH + [0] Kale 5 cH, cH0 fel» CH, COOH H,S 0, 2% 2 Hf [ Acetaldehyets) Hp SO, 3] Getic acid }y C Efhy/ alcoho! ) 4 lf the onicla Horn 45 carreiecf ous hy, parsing, the Vapour s of alcoho/ everr coppery SurenINg 5 heeateel to 4FS— SISK the reaction stops at alAebrjole stoge , Cy 4+ —§— ¢H,cH +H CH3CH2,0H W?o— SISK H,CHO > (Ef4anel! ) ( Acefalelehyols 2. Seconcla alcoho/? on oniclor fon wor 1 h Crt, Cy /Hp 50, or Seconclaryy glcoho/ get cuioliseof 0 Kind, [te 50, ke fone.® Cts O CH3— c—oH +0] hae cy-dch, + HO H (Acofone ) Flisopre opylaleohol ) © Gets: olebyelnagentar St When vapours of qlcche/ passes over heateof Copper at 300°C | pe alcoho/ yrelel alelehyoles secdinoland aleohols give ketones cmof ferrficirey alcoho] clecompose to a) lkenes. P oo a 0 } CH, 0H 9 pedo +H, (Me thane/) ( Fercmna /ole hyote) 8 4s cHy-U-H +Hy ( eons 1) 8008 | Acetalelehyete) O CHa ll } u CH —c—CH3 —CH—OH 9 3 CHa ate (besten) (se preepy! aleoho i) 3, Recluchon: when hea rect with cone. HL ined reef P hes phorus alcohols get rtectucec/ Jo the corenesponoling alkan RF. a ROH +L Rel? RI ae RH +P, alcohol) FA keane ) Reof P > HD Ms Cp HOH 4H? 40 >C HZ Tl PP? CoH #2, ( Ethano/) ( Ethene) Phenols (D Pre parca Hon: ]. freon Ben zene. sulphonic. acicté gulphonak is fuseol coi 4 panes soofim benzene soclium phenonicla, Soclrum hyolreenicle at 6973-623K , 1S forrmeel, Ths 7 acjcbFicahen gives phene!. 03Na oNa + snaot Stee Ay (0) + Nap50,% Hed (Socleum bencone ( soofiu™ sulphonase ) pheneniok) oNa " ‘ol 4+ HCl > (0) 4 Nact ( phenel ) a Laborca tory methoot ! Benzene catonrum chloricle is slowly cololeof fo the het oli [ue solution of HCl, This on cooling gives phenol crystals. NENC]I (0) Hon HA» (O] a merwer ( pene ne oliazoniuy chloreicte ) OH C ‘ hemca/ Prepemhes: I, Ac iol tc, Navare t = Phenols ane ne cocakh poli: Bh oe Rd weil aned Bey Foem so HW gn uO) +4 Nach: > [ol +t HO ( Sooliem phenoniels ) ( Phenet } Jo fhe stabsly The aciobc na tare of phere! TS of te, of Phenonicle Pon fy resonance: o—o- (Phenol J phenon ice 700) en [seco 4 resonance} 2. Ache roth One olush} When ge phenol 1s heateel wilh Zinc clusé foremect, beneene 75 OH (pheno! ) ( hencenc) 3.AcHo . *) wip Ammonig ? 11) On hearin ¢ ws my 7 i TP. ifA, a ONT, a 300 a) p SEN CL of anhyolreors En Cl, _aniline 78 Fore of me 0} 4 NHg > (oy + leo (Phenol J ( Aniline) 1, AcHern wi KL Alky/ haljcle* Seeliury gsalk of phene/ reacts wi FA, alha/ 10clicle. to Forem phergl erherr, ONa OCH, + CH — 9 LO] + Nok (soolium : (Anise! ) bh henonsote) a Action wih MNerhano/ Phene/ roach with methane| fe Foren aniso/ OCH, (Gy econ Be (2) 20 (Phenol) ( Anisol) 6. Action with Aeiel Chloricle onel Aciel anhyotriele Ar with Aci Chlorriole i presen eg pheno! reeac of pyreolne. ore OTA aciof anhyolricte te ferrem ester oH cOCHs, +CH3COCL _fy a HCY ™ ( Phenol ) ( Pheng/ caacotate) OH OCOCH, .CHgCOOCOCH 5 7 + CH,CUOM ( Prenot) ( Phen! erected) 7. Action with Pes voi th PC/ to Tere phenyl chlor, Pheno/ rooac t oH cy (0) 4 Pll” 4 pod, + HA (pene! } (Chioreoher®* ne) lordole; nole. In pitesence of Benzoyl Ch #4, benzoyl ch lore her] hen roare. . Achim with Phenol reacts wr aguecus Naot fo form p ou OcoG He S. Alkylation ! / POT) (73) D oe naeche wits alky/ halicles a) prresence of 7s ca Cle of Unk d : , ydreews AlCl, 40 gre criesol. Thos prrecesas Eriede (- CraFt al Bey [en Aron, ou OH : gr CH3 hyol new O = ol + tH! + CHCl ~ “AiCI, > Lo ( p-creesol) CH (Phe nol) ( p-creerol) 6. Ko/be’s Reachon! Soolium salt of Phe no! on heating. with Co, ize et UIC of g-%arm feacl fo / at YOOK unclert co 4 of phenolhc acral. This 4 of soolium sel wes fp fore mation | sa/? orn achelificamyen J henolic acs Sof pra 0@coo Ney Sense Searcy mdr Geet vw) (Sali eylic. aco acp pheno niole_) forma tion of Aspirein W hen salieg lic aciel 18 rrefiuneed with cone. Hes0, ano acefic anhydride ye ge aspirin. H cOCH; COOH cooly (salreqlic acie ) (A on Reimerr Tiemann Reaction: Pheno/ when freeatec with Chloreo fore in The. pre sence. of Agquects alkali at 340K Gives on hyelreons aldehyde. as phe main prreetuct. OH CHCl, or" 0 Na cdkey) Z (Phenol J OH ANCHO 0 ( o- hyehrous hen caleloh) If carbon fefrachlorivole is empleyeel m place of chloreoforem, salieg lve acicl is foremeo, Achorn with Pthalc anhyobreiele } CD Phenol reacts wilh Prhale anhyobreicle in preesencal of conc. sufphurtic aciof te ferem phenelphtha len ( Phenol ptha/ein ) (_useel as achel- hase molicarort) Owodlaton ! chenel when ewpercol fe air of heateol with cprearmie ceil, iF gets onrelveeel jo pink coleurerof bentaguinone . compounel P- OH A 0, com) QO 7 + H20 ort Ce On, i | ( phenol) ( erbenzoauinens)