Alcohol Use, Misuse and Abuse in Personal Health - Health | HEAL 110, Study notes of Personal Health

Download Alcohol Use, Misuse and Abuse in Personal Health - Health | HEAL 110 and more Study notes Personal Health in PDF only on Docsity! ©2008 Cengage Higher Education An Invitation to Health Prepared by: Andrew Owusu Ph.D. Chapter 12: Alcohol Use, Misuse, and Abuse Chapter 12 Objectives Define a standard drink. Describe the factors affecting a drinker’s response to alcohol consumption. Describe symptoms of alcohol poisoning and state what you should do if someone exhibits any of the symptoms. Describe the impact of alcohol misuse among college students, and define binge drinking. Who Should Not Drink? Anyone under age 21 Individuals of any age who cannot restrict their drinking to moderate levels. This is a special concern for recovering alcoholics, problem drinkers, and people whose family members have alcohol problems. Women who may become pregnant or who are pregnant. A safe level of alcohol intake has not been established for women at any time during pregnancy, including the first few weeks. Major birth defects, including fetal alcohol syndrome, can be caused by heavy drinking by the pregnant mother. Other fetal alcohol effects may occur at lower levels. Individuals who plan to drive, operate machinery, or take part in other activities that require attention, skill, or coordina- tion. Most people retain some alcohol in the blood for up to 2 to 3 hours after a single drink. Individuals taking prescription or over-the-counter medications that can interact with alcohol. Alcohol alters the effectiveness or toxicity of many medica- tions, and some medications may increase blood alcohol levels. If you take medica- tions, ask your health care provider for advice about alcohol intake. © 2007 Thomson Higher Education Why People Drink Most Common Reason = To Relax Inherited Susceptibility Childhood Traumas Depression Relationship Issues Psychological Factors Self-Medication Social Ease Role Models Advertising The Alcohol Content of Different Drinks Proof With distilled spirits, alcohol content is expressed in terms of proof, a number that is twice the percentage of alcohol: 100-proof bourbon is 50 percent alcohol. Who Does Heavy Episodic Drinking on Campus? 80 Sex 70 67 ME Female yy) Male Percentage No a PS ol ao o o o o o —_ o None 1-2 times 3 or more times ©2007 Thomsen Higher Educatior Why Do Students Binge Drink? Recreational Drinking at a Young Age Low Price of Alcohol Parental Acceptance of Drinking Peer Pressure and Drinking Games Residing with Binge Drinkers Easy Access to Alcohol Binge Drinking Men: 5+ alcoholic drinks Women: 4+ alcoholic drinks Changing Drinking Patterns on Campus College Alcohol Policies • Social and environmental approaches to change • Student involvement • Development of alternatives to drinking • Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) • Campus-based AA, Al-Anon, Adult Children of Alcoholics, Boost Alcohol Consciousness Concerning the Health of University Students (BACCHUS) Understanding Blood Alcohol Concentrations Blood-Alcohol Concentration (BAC) • The amount of alcohol in the blood, expressed as a percentage • Measured from breath or urine samples. • Used to determine whether a driver is legally drunk. BAC Levels • 0.08 percentThe legal limit. • The BAC that a 150-pound man would have after consuming about three mixed drinks within an hour. • 0.20 percentthe individual may pass out. • 0.30 percentthe individual may go into coma. • 0.40 percentthe individual may die. co Approximate blood alcohol percentage Body weight in pounds Drinks | 100 | 120 | 140 | 160 | 180 | 200 | 220 | 240 0 00 | .00 | .0O | .00 | .0O0 | .00 | .00 | .00 | Only safe driving limit 1 04} 038 |} 03 | 02 | .02 | 02 | .02 | .02 | Impairment begins 2 am) .06 (05 | (05>) (04 || 704") 203) .03 3 | 49 09/08") .07 | 06 | 06 | .05 | 05 | Driving skills significantly affected 4 TOM Crome OCm mes OF | OG . i Possible criminal 5 19 16 ae. oe. mala 09 09 .08 penalties 6 prey || te) || || ee [Nake || eile | 1) || 2188) 7 | lie am ee fre 0 eat 0 Jee C2 | ea 8 30 | .25 | 21 | .19 | 17 | .15 | .14 | .13 | Legally intoxicated 9 34 | 28 | 24 | .21 19 | .17 | .15 | .14 | Criminal penalties 10 POO coil meee ee eS te [ere ll rel Zim (lees Subtract .01% for each 40 minutes of drinking One drink is 1.25 oz. of 80 proof liquor, 12 oz. of beer, or 5 oz. of table wine. Alcohol Impairment Chart © 2006 Wadsworth - Thomson Fig.12-4_.pg..351,  Approximate blood alcohol percentage Drinks | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 | Only safe driving limit 1 05 | .05 | .04 | 03 |] .03 | 03 | .02 | .02 | .02 | Impairment begins 2 | 10] .09 |} .08 | .O7 006 | .05 | 05 |} .04 | .04 Driving skills 3 415 | .14 | 41 | 10 | .09 | 08 | .O7 | .06 | .06 | Significantly affected 4 | 20 | .18 | 15 | 13 | 41 | .10 | .09 | .08 | .08 | Possible criminal 5 | 251.23] 19] 16| 14 | 1a | 14 | 10 | 09 | Penatties 6 | EO 2 |Site ON reed fe oll eere a ened Ler 22 al sk 7 (SS ynl eae ee a ie 20 [irs eed |e lo . Legally intoxicated 40086 7.80 |260|7.26 20) sale |S a : | Criminal penalties Subtract .01% for each 40 minutes of drinking One drink is 1.25 oz. of 80 proof liquor, 12 oz. of beer, or 5 oz. of table wine. Alcohol Intoxication Definition: • Maladaptive behavioral, psychological, and physiologic changes that occur as a result of substance abuse. Signs: • Slurred speech, poor coordination, unsteady gait, abnormal eye movement, impaired attention or memory, stupor, or coma. Medical Risks: • Falls, hypothermia in cold climates, and increased risk of infections. What should do with someone Intoxicated? • MONITOR the person • Check BREATHING • Do not force person to walk or move around • Do not allow person to drive or ride • Do not give the person food, liquid, medicines or drugs to sober them up • Do not give the person a cold shower Alcohol Poisoning Definition: • Excessive alcohol consumption that can depress nerves that control involuntary actions, such as breathing and gag reflex. Signs: • Mental confusion, vomiting, seizures, slow breathing, irregular breathing and hypothermia. Potential Complications: • Cardiac arrest, permanent brain damage, or death. The Impact Of Alcohol Some Interesting Facts • A alcohol in a typical drink reaches the bloodstream in 15 minutes and rises to peak concentration in about 1 hour. • Alcohol only leaves the body after metabolism by the liver. • Light alcohol intake is associated with lower mortality than abstinence, but mortality rates increase with the amount of alcohol consumed. • Alcohol is a diuretic and lowers body temperature. • Alcohol has 7 calories per gram and stimulates the appetite. Recommendations to Reduce Alcohol Abuse on College Campuses 1. Increased enforcement on drinking age laws 2. Tougher laws on drinking and driving 3. Reduce density of alcohol outlets (particularly within one mile radius) 4. Increased price and taxes 5. Responsible beverage service policies at commercial settings (elminate last call, no sales of pitchers, strict ID checks) 6. Formation of campus and community coalition Fig. 12-5 p. 354 Immune system • Lowers resistance to disease Liver • Damages and eventually destroys liver cells • Displaces important nutrients,resulting in malnutrition Reproductive system • In women, menstrual cycles become irregular; pregnant women have an increased risk of bearing children with birth defects • In men, hormone levels may be altered; impotence may occur Brain • Damages and eventually destroys brain cells • Impairs memory • Dulls senses • Impairs physical coordination Heart • Weakens heart muscle • May raise blood pressure • Causes irregular heartbeat Stomach and intestines • Causes bleeding and inflammation • May trigger cancer The Effects of Alcohol Abuse On The Body Defining Alcohol Problems Alcohol Dependence Development of a strong craving for alcohol due to the pleasurable feelings or relief of stress or anxiety produced by drinking. 3 or 4 of following symptoms over 12 months Tolerance Withdrawal Drink to avoid Consume large amounts of alcohol Persistent desire to cut back Great deal time spent with activities involve drinking Give up other activities to drink Continue to drink even if exacerbates other health issue Defining Alcohol Problems Alcoholism A chronic, progressive, potentially fatal disease characterized by impaired control of drinking, a preoccupation with alcohol, continued use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distorted thinking, most notably denial. Tips to Stay in Control of Drinking: • Keep a diary to be aware quantity and frequency • Pace yourself order water with drink • Stay busy • Low alcohol-alternatives • Alcohol Free Days • Start with non-alcohol drink especially if thirsty (already dehydrated) • Use standard drinks easier to measure • Drink slowly • Avoid salty snacks make you thirsty • Order one drink at time and finish before ordering next • Be assertive • Pay attention to your drink • Abstain 48 hours s/p heavy episode of drinking allow for recovery • Be a responsible host, friend, etc. Medical Complications of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Liver Disease Cardiovascular Disease Cancer Vitamin Deficiencies Digestive Problems Accidents & Injuries Higher Mortality Brain Damage Normal Liver Cirrhosis 2nd leading cause of alcohol related death Leading cause death Alcoholism Treatments • Detoxification • Delirium tremens (DTs) • Medications • Antianxiety and antidepressive drugs. • Disulfiram (Antabuse) • Inpatient and Residential Treatment • Outpatient Treatment • Alcoholics Anonymous • Secular Organizations for Sobriety • Individual Psychotherapy • Women for Sobriety Average age of entry to AA Is 30. If Someone Close to You Drinks Too Much Try to remain calm, unemotional, and factually honest in speaking about the drinker’s behavior. Discuss the situation with someone you trust. Never cover up or make excuses for the drinker, or shield him or her from the consequences of drinking. Refuse to ride with the drinker if he or she is driving while intoxicated. Encourage new interests and participate in leisure- time activities that the drinker enjoys. Try to accept setbacks and relapses calmly.