Aldehyde Ketones And Carboxylic Acid, Study notes of Chemistry

Download Aldehyde Ketones And Carboxylic Acid and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Carb. Acid. - - DIGITAL NOTES a Chem rs bry qurd fe 4 o General formula ” CnH,,9 having C20 5p. Aldehyde ketone : Ry. “zo wuoheve pore where H 7 - Q R=alky)\ or Rez H, alkyl, ary! "owyl. COMMON Name - CHO [ey CH,CHO Clty-CO -Clt, Benzalldehyde Acetaldehyde. Acetone. rs) HcH (oy HE-CH - CH= CHO Acetophenone p- a buty vald ehyole EXAMPLE FROM NCERT: poh Pe bt MCT bu 7 Ce Th Aldehydes (Hy bridisakon and georehy) clicho Aectakichye Bihan Ym" = Carbo nyl Carbon ek Isobutyraldehyde 2-Methylpropanal la t C = O ' 5 Sp 2 hybridi ed H,C CHO OW y-Methylcyclohexanecarbaldehyde | 3-Methylcyclohexanecarbaldehyde KK. (20° e Tr 9 on al lel | an ay CH,CH(OCH,)CHO | a-Methoxypropionaldehyde 2-Methoxypropanal Ye 8 ha be CH,CH,CH,CH,CHO | Valeraldehyde Pentanal CH, =CHCHO Acrolein Prop-2-enal “Tt contains 3 o an 4 tf bord. CHO \ 4S CO Phthaldehyde Benzene- | ,2-dicarbaldehyde (Polarity > C= Hig h ly CHO etd in Nakttre 3-Bromobenzenecarbaldehyde or y m-Bromobenzaldehyde 3-Bromobenzaldehyde Re Ss O YN Q nN (€ Nucleoph le Keton *~ centre CH,COCH,CH,CH, | Methyl repropyl ketone Pentan-2-one ‘ C — i rt c — O (CH,),CHCOCH(CH;),| Ditsopropyl ketone 2,4-Dimethylpentan-3-one 7 7 CL a-Methylcyclohexanone 2-Methylcyclohexanone ™ Elecive phile (CH,),C=CHCOCH, | Mesityl oxide 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one ¢ e n ve GH /CHy CHa). Cx—C CHad So > CH, HO a +0. i. ries 0:-0 “2nd 47 Aatalderyde oO o CHy \ cy CH. XK Ne SA c= tc 1) CH, ~3NC C< CH, ‘ch, 3 Fy ee CH Od ofa OR [HE CHa 8 - 2nd cu,/ Acelone. ( By Hydration of alkynes ) CH H,$64- CH . CH it +HOR ><> [2 \ Tautomentm SM CH H950¢ Choy CHzo Cunstable) OL CH, -C=CH +HOH Sot 5 CH, - CE chy . Fautomerio Cy C-CHy (ROSENMUND REDUCTION) i" Acid Chlovide Fa Bale Aldehyde a crn" Ee cere + He RCO +H, PA Bas0s” RCHO + Hee. boil; ng Xylene (Fror gem-Dihalides ) pn CHa CH CH anor OH 4 = / “CH,- L Acetaldehyde Hen Fe: H.C PENG 4 AROH ——> NC LH WC~ SU, TAKE ne Nou C =H, Ee 2 He7 STEPHEN RepuctioN > R-C=N Sn, CH =NH HO", R-CHO [ imine , Aldehyde GC, Ws -CEN sm, _, Cs -CH=NV HO, G Hp- Ha or C (cry), CH CH, AIH ov AIH Cl-Bu, % DIJSOBUTYL ALUMINJUM HYDR(DE | oe = DIBALH R-CN Di@A-K . R-CH=NH WHO, BcHO +N hyde SS CH.-CH,-CN ae CHa CHa CHO Erakp REACTION » H 7 0CrOKW) Gr +crou, cy a Seren, AS GI" Chromium Comelex. Ben2aldehyde (Gatrermpnh KOCH REACTION) (o] tcorHe srw. Altts , (oy Benzoldebyale CF-c farmylation \ (Feievel ceaer REACTION ) CHO Cott, (e] +CH,cOU nly _, (c) + Hel PIC, to) Acylatiov\ (o} + Lo-COW Pry, (c) + HY [Genroyla' lahio PICK, PREPARATION oF KETONES From Acid Chlovide rrem “cig Ht * pere| chloride on tseatment csith dialkyl cad mium gived Ketones. AR-Mg-X +d, By, ACd + @MgrZ, emes QR'-C-U 4+ Rd lel | i A hee, 28K Cd -U, From Nitrifles CMe My Gy + CH CH-C=n Ether, 2N M6 20 CHy- CH, — C x i aon CHy CH, = q Hs Ce He — APPITION OF GRIGNARD REAGENT -OMgx C=O + R-MgX —? te +H0 HT NC 2 On —_—_—— { NR One 4 the best amethod to prepare \* 2% 3°alcohnl, V ADPITION OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE CHCN) fe N CN >C=0 +HtN <= Cm OH Cyanodyd gh Y ADDITION OF SODIUM HYPROGEN SULpHITE -0 SO, H >C=0 + Nakso, == Poe ane ile \ 708 0,Na Loans fey 7o\ Ov. Mech oF NUCLEOPH(LIC ADD. REACTION Nu Nu [| fast hy wo Step 2 / won Tetrahedral intermediate Addition product ad) ALDOL CONDENSATION: coh . ; CHg-C=0 +H-CHCHO seen, CHC -at oro DCH CH te b) Ross ALDOL CONDENSATION: 9 ae ! aul. b ml CH, Huadu di, vo cH CH nH c) BENZOIN CONDENSATION : o, abu pti Alek ody - 4a Benzoein. d) CANNIZZ ARO REACTION ; © t(H- cs -H) tNaOH ——> CH,OH + H—-C-ONa. XR Ker cto + Nace —> Or onen © > Conna » [Resonance tn Benzaldehyde | Acetophenone H\ $0: HVA HV. OF HOG HV 429 O-G- 8) v O Benzaldchyde ° meta Atrect’ng NITRATION ro) a AW” m - Nitrobenzaldehyde CHO SULPHONA TION oC) ste Cone 1,80 hg zalde iets sulphon no CHLORINATION “O- a m8 m - Chloro Benzaldehyde 5 Tollens’Test 2 + HO — + 2[Ag(NH,),] OH° R—- C-H Aldehyde diaminesilver(l) hydroxide Water i R-—C—-OH + 2Ag + 4NH, + 2H,O <— Silver Ammonia Water Carboxylic acid Key. CuSO,.5H,O + 2NaOH # KNaC,H,0,.4H,0 — 4 Oo i + 2c + 50Ho — Cupric sulfate Sodium hydroxide Potassium sodium tartrate u (Rochelle salt) A R- Cc —-H H O Ion 7. Aldehyde Cupric (Copper (II) Hydroxide pO-C-C— °° K O cu | + NasO, + HO <4 I o + CuO) + 3HO < Oo-c- c-o° Na: —— é _ 2 2 I ot R 0 1 @ Carboxylate | Cuprous oxide (Copper (I)) Water Fehling’s solution Sodium sulfate Water (Red precipitate) IOpOFORM TEST Give postHve ve sult fox Cthanel avd - CCH, CMe Hl rane) + 3lp + 4Na0H —> ° are + 3Nal t+ 3H,O + CHig (s) A R” ~O Na FROM ACID DERIVATIVES acid dertvative Hrtel¥sis . casboxylic aad. R- CO-) +H, — > ®-COOH + HC CH,-CO-Ch + HO ——> CH, COOH + HO CeO rr 6S R- CO-OR’ PrYrnm~ EFmni sree G | | O | vy VE | ) LAQ 4 Hzot R-C-NH, —==—> CH, COOH + NHy +H,O 2 RCOOH + R’0H. rVOV ITSFLIES © ecu ett, g-YoNH, TOS R- COOH. [From GRIGNARD REAGENTS Carboxylic Acids Are Pre Paved by the achon of arg nard Reagent on C0, followed by hydootysls. O=C=0 +R- Mx Vy, e- + Ho 75 erhes ~oMg K -O Q- C= ou. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ME CARB ACTDS| v PAYSICAL STATE Ali chaotic cayb Acide ubfp 9-C ° C Carboxylic Gc 1 atom: Are tolourtess Liquids. ey > The higher Acids are wax Ake Solids. “~ ODDUR : » The owes carxboxytic acids have ungleg * Highes Caxboxylic Acids ave odguxte sy 6Gou: “| BOLLING POLNT “fox the compounda Gq com parable mol: Mass, the increasing arvdes Of Bo wo. Hydrdtarbons £ Haloalkantes < etners K Aldetwde < Ketones £ Amines & Aloohel { Carboxgktc Reason of highes B-P+ of Car boxykic Actd. Maa, Cy Cavboxytic aud molecules qre more extensive associated Hough intesmolecalas Hydrogen bond ta, (i) The elechon with tin drawing nature oF Carponye Oroup jntreasto ime pHavity of O-H bong whith maken tne H- bon ding shsavyg e¥ Anan ANLcohol. DIMER FORMATION Most of the carboxytic acids exisk as ditmey @ Q ‘ jy the vVapbus phase os in the Qapydite lven t- — Aol en ord Ox R K—¢ NO-H —-- 0% v SOLUBILITY - Altphahe. Carbonic acids having ubto +- Cahryo ave vnisuvie fn wolty im all pyrpoyttoyy due to the dex mation of H- Bond wsith uater- e The Aolubi Lity Delw€QALep calty | Ineveasing n0- Cayborn, Atoms. -fyomal'e carboxylic Qu'ds Aike benzoic aad &s neas ly insoluble vo cold Waker. o As Hudya eaybon increases, solubiQity 4 carboxylic Acid Aecseastes br wWSate,- - CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS VACIPITY OF ALCOHOLS / Rxh Lait Metals 2-COOH) + &Na ———> 2R-CO0Na tH, Sed. Carboxy laf-e, Q- COOH 4+NaOdH —» #-COONa + H,0 Na HCO Test R-COOH +NaHCO, -—? R-COONG +H,0+ C0, Sod. Rydyogen carbonate CNaH(O,) to used asa Chasacteri ste tect fox Carboxylic acids. At) ca wboxybic acids give brisk effervescence q CO, gar Vv EORMATION OF ANHYDRIDE =» RQ. &-du + Horie _wLa, Q-2-5-U_R + Ho o«~ 00-0 2 V ESTERIFICATION _—__H7 R COOH] + RE GH) —— _RC00R’ +H,0 ~ Reacton with PU, PClg and SOcI, : R- Con + PUc —>? ROW + POM, +HA R- fou +SO0U, —? ROU +£0, +Ha BROOK +P, ——> ZBRCOU + HPs. ~ Reaclion Lith Ammonia: R- Opp +e MENH, —S> & CON Amide.