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Aldehydes and Ketmes
eee ‘eR R-SH RHR
carbrun! ald ehyd-e ~ keetme ~
carbon! atthiched R eanhe ervther
at least 1 Ha clroy en atom alk! n~ aryl
Mdehnete Nomenclature
alkane root tal
°
u nN
H- Cu c
On oy +
methanol erhana| a4
CFormaldeludle) Cacebaldelude) pentane
aghest priors Mw humberite 1S quer be the carb oun! carbern
3 g 4 3 2 9 na 'P 3
CHS GHG SA CHy CH CHy Ea yy \ An
4 Cea OW
sChy -bubenal D- 2,3,4-Frka drow butenel
R wath pentane C eryth rose)
carbous| Curhen has priorety over dorble bouds and hudrow| qroups
cycle aldela des rind has + corbaldelsde
6
I er"
o eyclohevanccarba lobe de benrerecarbaldlelr de
Cherraldelyde
* - V M * * " — o r - _ , < - ^ o h ^ > £ > o o A o h 4 * l * a l c o l o l s c c k f e W c ^ a k o k o l * R ° C U 4 . 6 U : » - > O L * 0 + U i) tea. oh I cicUrtJc^e. "j)>ftO_fc p^v-dM CHem 43 he
Nucleoghilre Addition to Car bon ls
uv
eo SRY Ss Nu Ro
Na “cro! z= bg: RCH te
RRS eT FF oe OH
R Rid
od catalysis: g Lo wd Nu
% ae s t “ x ae
Ht, %C=0,-> [ CHOW E> %C-G-H | 5 -O-H
@ da Re os
R ev R 4
Ketones are less reachve than aldelsdes towards nucleophile attack
Reason #1: Sterre factors
-E
Athy Nu
IN Geol Ayo hubrditation change (sp sp?)
. ® @S brings Qroups attached to
carbon l carbon closer
em Nw
Wi EM =o — 0 Together rac? > 109.5°)
(Ry c. => more crowdiig Cor ketme wrth
two alkyl Groups relatwe to
alde de with mealllarus and
Reasesn &)? electrmue tactors iin Hatom "1 P
Alley) groups are more
electrm dma thy relatwe to Hatous
+ R corbaun! carbon has less oa
Bye-e te parti ly poscitve Charge for ketmes
R A relate +o alde hudes
Alcohol Addutecn
yom , LZ .
ROH + Geen He ‘?
* we = i “Sn
h By ~on
hemacetal
S v k : ^ - — ^ p r Jh. prese.nct of excess alcohol . - O - R . ( _ { , + R o R^oH + m ** .A"°R + H0H H R H k e , i * t i a . c e J - a J a c e t - a j I i " H « w > . ( ^ r b o C f i t A i O H aceW q$ Oj^ excess 0T alcct-fcl or Xlu n2^crO«J 0+ Wilftr I^T^ f^/25 or *^~ ^^^d^^ PM* Arc. iwHi'td O H ^ " " ^
