All Combine Lectures - Fundamentals of Physiology | BMS 360, Study notes of Biology

Download All Combine Lectures - Fundamentals of Physiology | BMS 360 and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! 30 March Sensitivity Specificity 1 hormone – 1 receptor Affinity Stickiness Control of Endocrine Activity Physiologic effects of hormones depend largely on their concentration in blood and extracellular fluid Concentration of hormone as seen by target cells is determined by three factors Rate of production Rate of delivery Rate of degradation and elimination Hormone Interactions Synergism – multiple stimuli and more than additive response Permissive – need second hormone to get a full response Antagonism – opposing responses Peptide vs Steroid signaling Synthesis – stored/on demand Solubility – H2O/lipid Receptor – membrane/intracellular Transport – blood/plasma proteins Half life – short/long Duration effect – min or hrs/hrs or days Figure 11.14 – General layout of the endocrine system Hypothalamus → releasing hormone → pituitary gland → tropic hormone → endocrine organ → hormone Negative Feedback Controls Long-loop feedback Short-loop feedback Objectives Understand the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary Know the difference between posterior and anterior innervation/regulation of the pituitary by the hypothalamus Know the relation and function of the releasing hormones, trophic hormones and hormones mentioned in class Understand primary versus secondary pathologies The hypothalamus and pituitary Endocrine feedback, autonomic function higher centers, environmental cues → hypothalamus → pituitary → endocrine glands The Pituitary Gland Anatomy Anterior pituitary is a true endocrine gland of epithelial origin. Posterior pituitary is an extension of the neural tissue. Infundibulum is the stalk that connects the pituitary to the brain.