Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia, Essays (university) of Health sciences

Download Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia and more Essays (university) Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity! : . hhmi| Biointeractive Alzheimer’s Disease: Piecing Together the Evidence Click & Learn Student Worksheet OVERVIEW This worksheet complements the Alzheimer’s Disease: Piecing Together the Evidence Click & Learn. PROCEDURE Follow the instructions below and answer the questions in the spaces provided. All answers can be found in the Click & Learn, but you may also wish to conduct additional research PART 1: What you already know Before you start the Click & Learn, share what you know about Alzheimer’s disease by answering the following questions. 1. What are the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease? - Memory loss, confusion, net being able to plan daily activities, not knowing where you are or why you are there. 2. How is Alzheimer’s disease treated? - lam not sure if there is treatment for Alzheimer's 3. What causes Alzheimer’s disease? - | believe it could be a combination of genetics and maybe lifestyle decisions. Now begin the interactive and answer the following questions as you progress through each section. PART 2: Introduction to Alzheimer’s Disease 1. Watch the video on the slide entitled “Do you know somebody with Alzheimer’s disease?” Then list at least three symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease described in the video. 1. Memory loss 2. Confusion 3. Loss of self 2. Proceed to the next slide entitled “Alzheimer’s causes loss of memory and thinking skills” that shows a diagram of the symptoms and stages of Alzheimer’s disease. a. What does it mean that Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive disease? - Being a progressive disease, this means that the disease will worsen over time and symptoms will become more severe. b. Read the symptoms for mild, moderate, and severe Alzheimer’s disease. Based on the symptoms Greg O’Brien described in the first video, at what stage is his disease? Use evidence to support your reasoning. - Greg O'Brien would be in the mild stage of Alzheimer's Disease. He stated he was using rubbing alcohol in place of mouth wash, sending himself reminders and not remembering. 3. Next, watch the video about how Alzheimer’s differs from normal aging. According to the study referenced in the video, if you are a person who does not appear to have evidence of neurological disease or memory loss at age 70, what is the percent chance that you will develop Alzheimer’s disease? - 30% Proceed to the slide with the graph entitled “Projected Number of People with Alzheimer’s Disease in the United States.” a. Define the term dementia. - Dementia is defined as not being a specific disease but a group of symptoms that affect the ability to think and remember. Many diseases can cause dementia, including Alzheimer's. b. Write a sentence to explain how dementia and Alzheimer’s disease are related. - Dementia is a term used to describe a range of symptoms associated with cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's being one. c. Currently, about how many people in the United States over the age of 65 suffer from Alzheimer’s disease? - One in nine individuals. 5. Click on the graph to switch the image to a second graph entitled “Projected Number of People Over the Age of 65 in the United States.” You can switch back and forth between the graphs by clicking on the image. a. What is projected to happen to the number of people with Alzheimer’s disease and the number of people over age 65 in the United States over the next 40 years? - Itis projected to increase. b. Based on the information provided, can you think of an explanation for the trends identified in the question above? - There is no way to prevent the disease and different lifestyles, this can result in an increase in the number of people affected. 5. Consider the second codon that’s different and complete the table below. Codon in Codon in Amino Acid DNA template strand mRNA APP gene in individuals ee ; TAT ATA Lys without Alzheimer’s disease APP gene in individuals I le with Alzheimer’s disease TAG ACG Does this change in codon represent a silent or a missense mutation? Explain. - Missense mutation, every individual with this particular gene mutation has the disease of Alzheimer's. 6. Consider what you discovered about the types of mutations in questions 4 and 5, How could these types of mutations result in Alzheimer’s disease? - The mutations are after APP with amyolid protein, this would build more plaque faster than usual. 7. Proceed through the rest of the interactive, until you reach the slide with a pedigree. Has Alzheimer’s disease been associated with genes other than APP? Provide evidence from the interactive that supports this claim. - Doctors have found that mutations in presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 can cause autosomal dominant disease. 8. Proceed to the next slide. a. Does Alzheimer’s disease always have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern? Provide evidence that supports this claim. - There is only a 1% of cases of Alzheimer's that is autosomal dominant. This is because the disease is probably caused by combinations of different genes and environmental factors. b. Is Alzheimer’s disease always linked to a mutation in a single gene? Provide evidence that supports this claim. - No, one gene is inherited from each parent, meaning you have two genes linked to a mutation. c. Do doctors always know exactly what causes an individual's Alzheimer’s disease? Provide evidence that supports this claim. - No, one gene is inherited from each parent, meaning you have two genes linked to a mutation. c. Do doctors always know exactly what causes an individual's Alzheimer’s disease? Provide evidence that supports this claim. - They may, only because of genetics and genetic mutation. Without this information, the cause can be unknown. 9. Proceed to the last slide with the notes. If you want to make any changes to your notes at the end of the section, make sure to do so. Take a screen shot after you have added your questions/ideas or write them below. NA Histology 1. Proceed to the slide with the images of the histology (tissues) of a normal brain and a brain with Alzheimer's disease. List two differences that you notice. - Darker circles and fewer neurons. 2. Proceed to the slide with the video. Watch the video and read the information in the following three slides. a. How are plaques related to beta amyloid? - Plaques are abnormal clusters of protein fragments, which are identified as beta amyloid. They build up between the nerve cells. b. How are tangles related to tau? - Tangles are made up of twisted strands of protein inside the neurons. They appear like dark deposits inside a cell body of a dying neuron. The tangles are proteins called tau. c, How are plaques and tangles related to the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease? - Plaques and tangles are related to the symptoms of Alzheimer's because they are both tissues and fragments that contribute to the tissue deteriorating. 3. Proceed to the last slide with the notes. If you want to make any changes to your notes at the end of the section, make sure to do so. Take a screen shot after you have added your questions/ideas or write them below. N/A