Family and Consumer Sciences 6-12 Time Management and Consumer Education, Exams of Economics

Download Family and Consumer Sciences 6-12 Time Management and Consumer Education and more Exams Economics in PDF only on Docsity! Family and Consumer Sciences 6-12 Time Management -         Setting goals, planning, scheduling, prioritizing task, make sure you have all equipment Prioritizing Activities -         Most important is completed first. To help achieve goals Goals and decision-making -         A particular purpose that an individaul or irganization wants to achieve in the near or distant future Goal-setting -         Establish time frame, also provides a way to measure overall success Valid goal (is it SMART) -         Specific, measurable, achievable, relevent, time-related. Can not be vague Working effectively toward achieving any given goal -         Unimportant, irrelevent, or secondary goals should be put aside until primary goal is acheived Decision making process -         Identify decision, recognize the benefits, analyze potential drawbacks, then making a choice. Parento Analysis System -         80% benefits from task result from 20% of effort. Cost/benefit analysis strategy -         Compares the cost with the benefit to determine if the benefits of the option outweigh their cost Force field analysis strategy -         Examines all of the factors that affect a particular situation and identifies those factors as either aiding the organization in achieving a goal or ultimately causing the organization to fall short of reaching its specified goal. Grid analysis strategy -         Takes all factors involved with each option, rates each factor, and then gives each factor a weight based on its importance to the overall decision Scenario analysis strategy -         Decision making method whereby individuals or organizations use their experience, knowledge, and intuition to predict what kind of situations may arise. 4 types of resources -         Environmental resource, labor, capital, information resources. Empirical-rational strategy (management) -         Strategy of managing that assumed that people are ultimately interested in their own well being and will more quickly accept changes if they believe that those changes will benefit them (most have enough resources to be effective- most beneficial of all 3) Normative-reeducative strategy (managment) -         States that peer pressure can bring change in an organization (employee and employeer must have a bond for it to work) Power-coercive strategy (management) -         States that people will listen to authority figures and do as they are told (least beneficial) Consumer Rights -         seek to prevent individuals from being taken advantage of in the market place. Examples of these are: Equal Credit Opportunity, Fair Housing Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, Truth in Lending Act. Non-Financial Resources -         examples: if a person does not want to sell their house they can rent a room, mend clothing instead of throwing it away, do home repairs rather than hiring a laborer. Basic rights that consumer laws protect are: -         right to safety, be informed, treated fairly Equal Credit Opportunity Act -         can not deny credit to a consumer based on race, gender, age, marital status, religion, national origin, or skin color Fair Housing Act -         Can not deny housing to a consumer based on race, gender, age, marital status, religion, national origin, or skin color Fair Debt Collection Practices -         Can only call between 8:00 AM-9:00 PM, can sue if they have given them written notice to not contact regarding their debt. Truth in Lending -         organization must disclose the full terms of lending arrangements to the consumer Caveat Emptor -         let the buyer beware Decision process of making a purchase -         1. recognizing a want to fulfill         process of teachings a person about the marketplace and its goods, services, the suppliers, and various considerations associated with searching for goods and services. Heritage -         Is anything inherited from ones ancestors, including traditions, customs, or physical characteristics. 3 things in which families provide in developing and educating family members -         Behavior modeling, Consumer Education, Heritage 5 major roles that are essential to the functioning of a healthy family -         1. provision of necessities (food, shelter, etc), 2. development of education, 3. emotional support, 4. management of the family, 5. satisfaction of the married couple's needs. role -         is a collection of social rights, behaviors, and obligations that is assigned to a particular individual role confusion -         occurs when an individual is uncertain of what role or roles he or she should play in a particular situation. role strain -         occurs when an individual is placed in a situation in which carrying out the duties of a certain role will prevent the individual from fulfilling his or her obligations of another role. The added stability of marriage adds: -         societal, religious, and governmental recognition of the institution of marriage, which creates an expectation that the marriage- and ultimately the family- will remain intact. Primary purpose of family -         is to ensure the survival of the family and to nurture the children Basic Necessities are -         food, clothing, shelter, and play Types of family structures -         Nuclear, Single parent, blended (or stepfamily), extended families Nuclear family -         mother, father, children Extended family -         grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins Family Life Cycle (9 stages) -         1. Bachelor 2. Newly Married 3. Full Nest 1 4. Full Nest 2 5. Full Nest 3 6. Empty Nest a 7. Empty Nest b 8. Solitary Survivors in labor force 9. Solitary survivors retired Bachelor Stage -         young, single, under 40 no kids Newly married -         young, married, no kids, under 40 Full Nest 1 -         young, married, youngest is under 6 Full Nest 2 -         Young, married, youngest is over 6 Full Nest 3 -         Older, married, dependent kids, youngest is greater than 14 Empty Nest 1 -         older over 40, married, no kids at home, head of house is working Empty Nest 2 -         Older over 40, married, no kids at home, head of house is retired Solitary Survivor 1 -         Older, single, working, over 40 Solitary Survivor 2 -         Older, single, retired, over 40 Piaget's theory of cognitive development -         theorizes that children will learn more effectively if they are allowed to actively adapt to the world around them though play and exploration rather than being taught skills 4 stages of Piagets cognitive development -         Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, formal operational Piaget's first step- Sensorimotor -         0-2 years The infant explores the world through direct sensory and motor contact. Object permanence and separation anxiety develop during this stage Piaget's 2nd step -         2-6 year The child uses symbols (words or images) to represent objects but does not reason logically. The child also has the ability to pretend. During this stage, the child is egocentric Piaget's 3rd Step -         7-12 years The child can thing logically about concrete objects and can thus add and subtract. The child also understands conservation Piagets 4th step -         12-adult. The adolescent can reason abstractly and think in hypothetical terms Maslows Hierarchy of Needs -         Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development -         Nature Vs Nurture -         That all persons traits are genetic and some are environmental (created by surrounding) Genetic VS Environmental Traits -         Most things are genetic... However religion, language, are traits Havighurst's developmental task (6 stages) -         Developmental Tasks of Infancy and Early Childhood: 1. Learning to walk. 2. Learning to take solid foods 3. Learning to talk 4. Learning to control the elimination of body wastes 5. Learning sex differences and sexual modesty 6. Forming concepts and learning language to describe social and physical reality. 7. Getting ready to read Middle Childhood: 1. Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games. 2. Building wholesome attitudes toward oneself as a growing organism 3. Learning to get along with age-mates 4. Learning an appropriate masculine or feminine social role 5. Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing, and calculating 6. Developing concepts necessary for everyday living. 7. Developing conscience, morality, and a scale of values (This organization support family and consumer science educational programs, which strive to improve the overall quality of life for individuals and families by teaching people skills that will enable them to live better lives) New Legislation that is passed -         Teachers should adapt quickly and add new information to curriculum Affective Skill -         how an individual can recognize, understand, and handle emotions and relationships. (how does a person respond to a stimuli) Cognitive Skill -         individuals ability to gather and understand information (retain, comprehend, apply, and evaluate knowledge) Psycho-motor Skill -         individuals ability to coordinate his or her physical movement. (an activity is natural for an individual if the individual can perform it without thinking Anorexia -         already below an unhealthy weight, thinks their weight is unacceptable, attempts to lower food intake. Bulimic -         no sense of control over their eating habits, (vomit or diuretic and binge eat) usually women 12-19 year old Best way to reduce the risk of developing eating disorders or becoming obese is.... -         1. parent interaction more with their children and making sure they are teaching them good eating habits. 2. Build Self esteem Diabetes -         1. disease the prevents the body from producing insulin 2. cells can not use the sugar in the cell to survive 3. sugar builds up in the blood causing hyperglycemia 4. can cause heart, kidney, nerves, and eye failure, high blood pressure, blindness, poor healing of wounds, etc. Type 1 Diabetes VS Type 2 Diabetes -         Type 1 diabetes: Symptoms usually start in childhood or young adulthood. People often seek medical help, because they are seriously ill from sudden symptoms of high blood sugar. Episodes of low blood sugar level (hypoglycemia) are common. It cannot be prevented. Type 2 diabetes: The person may not have symptoms before diagnosis. Usually the disease is discovered in adulthood, but an increasing number of children are being diagnosed with the disease. There are no episodes of low blood sugar level, unless the person is taking insulin or certain diabetes medicines. It can be prevented or delayed with a healthy lifestyle, including maintaining a healthy weight, eating sensibly, and exercising regularly. Hypertension -         Good blood pressure should be 90/50-120/80 anything over 140/90 is considered high. AKA pre-hypertension treated with low sodium, no smoking, excess drinking, Vitamin A -         1. also known as retinol. 2. aids in bone growth, skin health, ability to reproduce 3. deficiency can cause the eyes to deteriorate and may lead to night blindness, also known as nyctalopia. 4. Eat carrots, sweet potato, pumpkin, spinach, beef, pork, eggs, broccoli Vitamin B12 -         1. also known as cyanocobalamin 2. necessary for the production of blood cells and aids in maintaining a healthy nervous system. 3. Deficiency: megaloblastic anemia, condition in which red blood cells have less hemoglobin and can not function 4. symptoms numbness, tingling, and difficulty with muscle control 5. Eat meat, dairy, cheese, and yogurt Vitamin C -         1. called asorbic acid 2. protects health of skin, bones, teeth, cartilage, and blood vessels, production of collagen 3. Deficiency: scurvy, liver spots, 4. Eat fruits and citrus, broccoli, potato, spinach, liver, and milk Vitamin E -         1. called tocopherol 2. maintain proper brain function and eye health 3. deficiency: cancer, cataracts, heart disease, Parkinson or Alzheimer 4. Eat peanuts, hazelnuts, coconut, corn, asparagus, carrot, tomato, fish Iron -         1. aids in proper functioning of virtually all the muscles and organs. 2. Deficiency: anemia (body cant produce hemoglobin) 4 Eat grains, seeds, broccoli, green beans, green leafy greens, meat 5. women require more iron than men due to menstration Fiber -         1. help bowel movement, lower cholesterol, prevent obesity, lower risk of cancer 2. Deficiency: constipation, 3. eat whole grains and fruit protein -         1. important to produce amino acids 2. can cause reduced brain function, intellectual disabilities, weakening of immune system. kwashiorkor: weightloss, thinning hair, swelling of the organs, and weakness of the immune system 3. Eat meat, diary, nuts, beans RDA -         recommended dietary allowance: what nutrients and minerals required to stay healthy RDI -         recommends dietary allowance based on gender and age RDV -         recommended daily value: nutritional value on food labels low activity vs high activity individuals -         low- does not exercise regularly less than 30 minutes any given day High- 30-60 minutes 4-5 days a week Required calorie intake -         children 1000-1500 teens 1600-2200 adult 2000-2400 after age of 30 calorie intake decreases and require more vitamin A, C, E, Iron, and fiber next is age 50 which requires more calcium Cholesterol -         1. is a lipid, a fat that helps produce both new cells and bile 2. to much can lead to heart and circulatory problems: atherosclerosis- clogged arteries - heart attack and stroke 3. reduce risk: stay away from foods that have high concentrations of saturate fats: processed food, and animal products. Eat oatmeal and fruit and veg, fish, and rice well constructed hem -         flat hangs smoothly sits parallel to the floor no loose threads pressed and concealed as much as possible appropriate width and length Proper Fitting -         1. comfortable and movement is free 2. neckline and waistline sit properly 3. garment lies flat 4. garments should have smooth appearance 5. no folds or wrinkles basic parts that compromise a garment design -         1. color 2. shape (lays flat) 3. form (depth that the garment has) 4. texture (how it feels to touch) 5 principles that are used in the construction of a garment to make its design more appealing -         balance: right and left sides a proportioned emphasis: garment part that draw attention proportion: size, shape, color rhythm: look at one part of a garment that leads to another(A SENSE OF FLOW) unity: garment looks appropriate after design is complete. washing of a garment -         machine washable-normal washing home launder- wash by hand not washer and dryer no chlorine or bleach cold wash washing techniques -         1. no spin- removed from washer to avoid damage 2. delicate vs permanent press: delicate fabrics vs heavier fabrics 3. wash separately- should not be washed with another garment 4. hand wash 5. dry clean only 6. tumble dry- low heat removing a stain -         1. check label 2. remove as soon as possible 3. clean cloth with cold water 4. blot stain 5. start outside and work your way in fibers -         -thin filaments similar to thread. -these are formed by forcing chemicals through small holes called spinnerets -used for construction of yard, thread, fabric yarn -         collection of long lengths of tightly spun fibers that are used in the production of fabric thread -         collection of long, thin lengths of fibers that are used for sewing two fabrics together fabric -         material constructed by weaving or knitting yard together to form a type of cloth Acetate fibers -         synthetic soft, smooth, dry, weak, lustrous, and heat sensitive satines and taffetas to give shiny, lustrous look Acrylic fibers -         synthetic soft, lightweight, resilient, and heat-sensitive usually a replacement for wool less expensive cotton fibers -         strong, soft, light sensitive, elastic, breathable, absorb and retain water effectively usually a blend when it is cotton usually blended with rayon or polyester heat resistant most likely to shrink flax and other natural fibers -         soft, breathable, strong, but lack elasticity that cotton has. Usually is the construction of linen soft heat resistant and most likely to shrink Nylon fibers -         synthetic fibers smooth, strong, lightweight, elastic, and lustrous cheaper alternative to silk inexpensive, strong, and extremely light weight melt with hight temps polyester -         synthetic strong, lightweight, resilient, and resistant to many of the harsh conditions: mildew, sunlight, weather, and moths ramie -         natural same characteristics as cotton soft, smooth, strong, resistant to moths, and retain water well velvet is usually made of this silk -         natural extremely soft, strong, and lustrous absorb and retain water resistant to mildew, molds, and moths chiffon, organza, taffeta wool fibers -         natural coarse, strong, resilient, and can retain water used in flannel, helps retain heat cashmere can be soft Prenatal -         First Trimester 1. egg attaches to uterus, gender determined 2. all major parts formed, heart is beating 3. bones/muscles are growing, genitals are formed Second Trimester 4. 5. mom can feel baby move 6. baby listens to conversations, sound startles baby Third Trimester 7. recognizes voices, responds to pain 8. lungs are maturing 9. head is facing down Womens age VS child development -         In analyses that controlled for demographics and clinical confounders, we found that complications with the highest odds among women, 11-18 years of age, compared to 25-29 year old women, included preterm delivery, chorioamnionitis, endometritis, and mild preeclampsia.