American Heart Association BLS Healthcare Providers Review, Exams of Nursing

Download American Heart Association BLS Healthcare Providers Review and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 American Heart Association BLS Healthcare Providers Review Adult Chain of Survival Correct Answer: 1.Immediate recognition & activation of EMS 2. Early CPR 3. Rapid defibrillation 4. Advanced life support 5. Post-cardiac care Pediatric Chain of Survival Correct Answer: 1. Prevention of cause 2. Early CPR 3. Activation of EMS 4. Advanced life support 5. Post-cardiac care 2010 AHA (American Heart Association) Guideline BLS (Basic Life Support) sequence is .... Correct Answer: 1. "C.A.B." C- chest compressions A - open airway B - Breathing 2. High Quality CPR 4. Removed the step "Look, Listen and Feel" step from assessment and replaced with -check victim for 2 things simultaneously - responsiveness and breathing. High Quality CPR Correct Answer: -Compression rate of at least 100 per minute (100/min) -Compression depth of 1/3 of anterior-posterior diameter of chest. 2" in an adult and 1 1/2 " in an infant -Complete chest recoil & minimizing interruptions & avoid excessive ventilations. AED Correct Answer: Automated External Defibrillator VICTIMS of ALL AGES Correct Answer: Start with "C. A. B."! Compressions, Open Airway and Breathing in that order. BLS consists of 3 main parts: Correct Answer: 1. Chest Compressions 2 2. Airway 3. Breathing & defibrillation Overview of inital ADULT BLS steps: Correct Answer: Step 1: Check scene safety and assess victim for normal or abnormsl breathing - Shout for help. Step 2: Alone rescuer activate the EMS & get the AED if availabel and return to victim. Step 3: Check pulse (take at least 5 seconds and no more that 10 seconds) start compressions. Assessment of scene safety: Correct Answer: 1. Check scene to make sure it is safe for you and the victim. 2. Tap victim's shoulder and shout "Are you okay?" 3. Check breathing. Agonal grasp Correct Answer: -abnormal breathing -may be present in the first minutes of suddent cardiac arrest -gasps may sound like a snort, snore or groan. Pulse check Correct Answer: -adults palpate carotid pulse -should take no longer than 10 seconds Carotid pulse Correct Answer: -locate the trachea using 2-3 fingers -slide 2-3 fingers into groove between trachea and muscle at the side of neck -feel for at least 5 seconds no more than 10 seconds Lone rescuer CPR ratio for all AGES: Correct Answer: 30 compressions to 2 ventilations Chest compresion technique: Correct Answer: 1. Position yourself at victims side 2. Victim is lying faceup on firm surface 3. Place heel of one hand on the center of victim's chest on the lower half of breastbone 4. Put heel of other hand on top of hand on chest and PUSH HARD & FAST 5. Rate 100 compressions per minute 6. Push down 1/3, 2 inches or 5 CM(adult and child) or 1 1/2 inches or 4 CM (infant) depth of chest 7. Allow for chest recoil 8. Minimize interruptions 5 Minimize time between last compression and shock delivery: Correct Answer: the shock is much more likely to be effective if it is less than 10 seconds between last compression and delivery of shock Facts in attaching AED pads: Correct Answer: 1. Hairy chest - either quickly shave the area where pads are placed or place a set on and pull off quickly to remove hair so that a new pad set will stick. 2. Do not use in water. If a victim is lying in water or chest covered in water; move them and dry off chest. 3. Pacemaker - do not place directly over device. 4. Transdermal medication patches - Do not place over med. pads. Remove and wipe the area clean before attaching the AED pad. Infant Correct Answer: from birth to 12 months of age Child Correct Answer: from 1 year to puberty Signs of puberty: Correct Answer: chest and underarm hair on males and breast development in females Key differences between child and adult CPR: Correct Answer: 1. 15 compressions to 2 ventilations for 2-rescuer CPR 2. Commpression depth - 1/3 the depth of the chest. 3. May use 1 or 2 hand chest compressions for very small children. 4. If you did not witness the arrest and are alone, provide 2 minutes of CPR for a child before leaving to activate the EMS. 5. If the arrest is suddent and witnessed, leave the child to activate the EMS and get the AED. Child CPR facts: Correct Answer: -many infants and children are thought to develop repiratory arrest and bradycardia before they develop cardiac arrest -if such children receive prompt CPR before development of cardiac arrest they have a high survival rate -for this reason a lone rescuer finds an unresponsive child who is not breathing or only grasping should provide 5 cycles of CPR (about 2 minutes) before activating EMS. Child pulse check: Correct Answer: carotid or femorat artery 6 Femoral artery Correct Answer: Pulse site located in the inner thigh, midway between the hipbone and the pubic bone and just below the crease where the leg meets the abdomen. Why breaths are important for infants and children? Correct Answer: In contrast, infants and children who develop cardiac arrest often have respiratory failure or shock that reduces the oxygen content in the blood even before the onset of arrest. Thus chest compressions alone are not effective for delivering oxygen to the heart and brain as the combination of compressions plus breaths. Key differences for infant CPR: Correct Answer: 1. Location of pulse check - brachial artery in infants. 2. 2 fingers for single rescuer and 2 thumb-encircling hands for 2-rescuer. 3. Compression depth 1/3 of chest = 1 1/2 " 4. 2-rescuer ration = 15:2 5. Activate the EMS system same as with children. If you did not witness the arrest and are alone, provide 2 minutes of CPR for a child before leaving to activate the EMS. If the arrest is suddent and witnessed, leave the child to activate the EMS and get the AED. Brachial artery Correct Answer: pulse site - on the inside of the upper arm, between the infant's elbow and shoulder 2 Finger chest compression techinique: Correct Answer: 1. Place infant on firm surface. 2. Place 2 fingers in the center of the infant's chest just below the nipple line. Do not press on the bottom of the breastbone. 3. Push hard and fast. 1/3 chest depth; rate 100/min 4. Allow complete chest recoil. 5. Minimize interruptions Caution in infants: Correct Answer: Keep head in neutral position - if you tilt an infant's head beyond the neutral position airway may be blocked. 2-Thumb Encircling hands chest compression technique: Correct Answer: 1. Place both thumbs side by side in the center of the infant's chest on the lower half of the breastbone. The thumbs may overlap in small infants. 2. Encircle the infant's chest and support the infant's back with the fingers of both hands. 7 3. Whith your hands ensircling the chest, use both thumbs to depress the breastbone approximately 1/3 depth. 4. Deliver compressions in a smooth fashion at a rate of 100'/min. 5. Allow for chest recoil. AED children and infants: Correct Answer: Use a child pad and child system for children. A manual defibrillator is preferred for an infant or an AED equipped with a pediatric dose attenuator is perferred. Advanced airway Correct Answer: -endotrachal intubation (tube placed in trachea) -laryngeal mask airway (tube placed in larynx) -supraglottic Ratio rate with an advanced airway: Correct Answer: -compression rate of at least 100/min. without pauses for breaths -breaths are given every 6-8 seconds (8-10 breaths per minute) without any attempting to deliver breaths between compressions Mouth to Mouth breathing without pocket mask: Correct Answer: -hold the victim's airway open with head tilt-chin lift -pinch nose closed with your thumb and index finger -take a regular breath and seal your lips around the victim's mouth creating a tight airtight seal -give 1 breath -watch to make sure the chest rise as you give the breath -if the chest does not rise; reposition the head and try again -make 2 attempts and return to chest compressions Rescue breathing Correct Answer: For ADULT, CHILD, INFANT: -pulse but is not breathing -administer breaths -continue to check pulse every 2 minutes Rescue breathing for an adult Correct Answer: give 1 breath every 5-6 seconds (about 10-12 breaths per minute) Rescue breathing for a child and infant Correct Answer: give 1 breath every 3-5 seconds ( about 12-20 breaths per minute)