Study Guide on American History: Compromise of 1850 to the Civil War - Prof. Wallace Cross, Study notes of World History

Download Study Guide on American History: Compromise of 1850 to the Civil War - Prof. Wallace Cross and more Study notes World History in PDF only on Docsity! History 2: Study Guide 1  Compromise of 1850 – consists of 5 bills 1. California was entered as a free state 2. New Mexico and Utah were each allowed to use popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery. In other words, the people would pick whether the states would be free or slave. 3. The Republic of Texas gave up lands that it claimed in present day New Mexico and received $10 million to pay its debt to Mexico. 4. The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia. 5. The Fugitive Slave Act made any federal official who did not arrest a runaway slave liable to pay a fine. This was the most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850 and caused many abolitionists to increase their efforts against slavery.  Republican Party – first collation of free soilers, northern wigs, & anti-slavery democrats; came about b/c intense dislike of Kansas-Nebraska Act  New England Immigration Aid Society – founder Amos Lawrence  Know Nothings – American Nativists, result of 2 organizations: The Order of Star Spangle Banner & Order of United American People, very secretive, anti-Catholic, anti- immigrant, began in New York  Bleeding Kansas – civil war in Kansas, 1854-1863  John C. Fremont – Republican nomination for presidential campaign of 1856, slogan – “ Free soil, free men, free speech, Fremont,” condemned Ostend Manifesto & Kansas- Nebraska Act, wanted congress to control slavery in territories, wanted railroad to Pacific, bring Kansas in Union as free state  James Buchanan – Democratic nomination for presidential campaign of 1856, support Compromise of 1850, won campaign of 1856  Dred Scott Decision – Roger Taney chief justice for case, 1856 St. Louis courts rules him free man, Mrs. Emerson appeals. 3 reasons: was he a citizen to sue, was he a free man, was 30˚36 min free territory. Court rules slaves are not citizens, living in free state does not make slave free, Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, meant in theory slavery could expand anywhere  John Brown – leader of Pottawatomie Massacre in 1856  Cooper Union Address – gave by Lincoln in 1859, 4 points made: denounced popular sovereignty, examined southern attitudes toward North & Republican, condemned radicals in North, calls for sectional understanding; did not take southern threats lightly, slavery cannot expand, debated slavery in moral view, David Davis was his campaign leader  South Carolina – first state to leave Union  Popular sovereignty – a pre-Civil War doctrine asserting the right of the people living in a newly organized territory to decide by vote of their territorial legislature whether or not slavery would be permitted there  Free soiler – person who doesn’t want to expand slavery  Abolitionist – person who wants to abolish slavery  David Acheson – Missouri senator, proslavery forces in Kansas, governor gave him support  James Henry Lane – leader of the Free State Forces  Stephen Douglas – Northern Democratic candidate in 1860 against Lincoln, the “little giant”, spoke against Lincoln in Peoria, IL  Copperheads –peace Northern Democrats, opposed war  West Virginia – July 20, 1863, 50 counties of West Virginia did not want to accept succession, elected Francis H. Piermont as governor  George B. McClellan – Commander of Union, gets Lee’s copy of battle plan, takes out one column of his army, removed after Battle of Antietam, 1864 candidate against Lincoln  Kansas-Nebraska Act – proposed by Stephen Douglas, 1854, started Republican Party, contained Democratic & Wig Party, caused “Bleeding Kansas” in Lawrence named after Amos Lawrence, bloodiest war, 65k known dead, 300k MIA  David Wilmont – founded of Wimont Proviso  James Barker  Constitutional Union Party – combination on formal Wigs & Know Nothings  John Bell – Constitutional Union Party candidate, favored constitution, the union & the enforcement of law  Doe Face – northern man w/ southern principles  Hinton R. Helper – wrote “Impending crisis of the South & How to meet it,” spokesperson against slavery, southerner from North Carolina  Peculiar Institution – slave system in south  Domestic Institution – slave system in specific state  Wilmont Proviso – attempt by opponents of slavery to prevent its introduction in the territories purchased from Mexico following the Mexican War  Jefferson Davis – Davis resolution – an ironclad guarantee slavery for the territories, resolutions set off an extensive debate in senate over Constitution & political aspects of slavery controversy, widened gap between North & South Democrats, President of Confederacy, his Vice President was Alexander Stevens  Richmond, VA – Confederate capital  Recruiting system- in equable, 3-9 month enlistment, Jan 1863 1st draft occurred, possible to pay $300 to get out of first draft or hire a substitute, ages 18-35, 4 drafts in North which led to NY draft rights, training camp like prisons with guards and who shot people who tried to escape, sides experienced 10% desertion  Sherman’s March – from Atlanta to Savannah, classical example of campaign b/c it destroyed will of white south to resist & made them realize they had to reject succession  3 reason South Carolina gave for secession 1. North’s long attack on slavery