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Neurotransmission & Neuromodulation: Inhibitory Amino Acids & Receptors - Prof. Douglas N., Study notes of Biology

Colorado State University (CSU)Biology

Prof. Douglas N. Ishii

An overview of neurotransmission and neuromodulation, with a focus on inhibitory amino acids such as gaba and glycine. Topics include the roles of gaba a r and gaba b r, the effects of benzodiazepines, ethanol, and barbiturates, and the functions of neuromodulators like endogenous opioids and neurotransmitters like nitric oxide. Additionally, the document covers somatic sensations, receptors, and the differences between phasic and tonic stimuli.

Typology: Study notes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 02/05/2012

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Download Neurotransmission & Neuromodulation: Inhibitory Amino Acids & Receptors - Prof. Douglas N. and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! 30 January Amino acid neurotransmitters Inhibitory GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) Main inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA A R (ionotropic) Chloride channel Hyperpolarization GABA B R (metabotropic) Coupled to G protein Glycine Taurine GABA Benzendizepines increase frequency channel opening Requires GABA Antiseizure Sedatives Hyperpolarize – further from threshold Ethanol binds to receptor → opens channel (does not require GABA) → ethanol is depressant, inhibits neurons Barbiturates do the same Inhibiting NT, glycine Glycine opens Cl+ channel in motor neuron, hyperpolarizes Tetanus inhibits glycine release – motor neuron fires – uncontrolled contractions Strich nine – rat poison – blocks glycine receptor – convulsions Neuromodulators Endogenous opioids Substance P (involved in pain pathways, particularly in spine) Somatostatin (regulates release of growth hormone) Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) Cholecystokinin Neurotensin Neuropeptide Y Other Neurotransmitters/Neuromodulators Gases Nitric oxide Carbon monoxide Purines Adenosine ATP Somatic Sensations Sensations associated with sensory neurons Mechanoreceptors Touch (light, deep) Pressure

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