AN ANALYSIS OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN WARM BODIES ..., Exams of Literature

Download AN ANALYSIS OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN WARM BODIES ... and more Exams Literature in PDF only on Docsity! Jurnal Ilmu Budaya Vol. 2, No. 4, Oktober 2018 e-ISSN 2549-7715 Hal: 412-425 412 AN ANALYSIS OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN WARM BODIES FILM USING JUNG THEORY OF ARCHETYPES Syarifah Rizakiah, Surya Sili, Singgih Daru Kuncara Department English Literature, Faculty of Cultural Studies Mulawarman University Pos-el: syarifahrizakiah@yahoo.co.id ABSTRACT The collective unconscious concept of Jungian critic contains archetypes that are unique part in the theory of human personality. The archetypes can be found in R and Julie character in Warm Bodies film. The purpose of this study is to find out some archetypes based on Jungian critics that related to both character. Analytical psychology theory by Carl G Jung was used as the main theory to find out the archetypes that related to both character. This study is categorized as literary criticism since this study is emphasized on the analysis of literary work. The primary data of this study are collected from Jonathan Levine’s Warm Bodies film. The result of this study is showed there were six archetypes found in the film. They were persona, shadow, anima, animus, hero, and self-archetypes. Keywords: Jungian psychoanalysis, archetypes, Warm Bodies film ABSTRAK Konsep kumpulan bawah sadar dari kritik Jung mengandung pola dasar yang merupakan bagian yang unik dari teori kepribadian manusia. Pola dasar ini dapat di temukan di dalam karakter R dan Julie dalam film Warm Bodies. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menemukan beberapa pola dasar bedasarkan dari kritik jung yang terkait dengan kedua karakter. Psikologi analisis teori dari Carl G Jung digunakan sebagai teori utama untuk menemukan pola dasar yang terkait dengan kedua karakter. Penelitian ini di kategorikan sebagai kritik sastra sejak penelitian ini menekankan pada Analisa dari kerja sastra. Data utama dari penelitian ini di kumpulkan dari film Jonathan levine Warm Bodies. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada 6 pola dasar yang ditemukan di dalam film. 6 pola dasar itu adalah persona, shadow, anima, animus, hero, dan pola dasar self. Kata kunci : psikoanalisis Jung, pola dasar, film Warm Bodies. A. INTRODUCTION Literature is a kind of art, usually written, which has some special characteristic such as originality, artistry, beautiful content and expression. Literature is believed to have some benefits for the readers. From literature, the readers can understand the culture of other country and it increases the knowledge of the readers. Literature has many genres. Each of them has their own characteristic they share common element, such as character, theme, and setting. Film is one of the literary works because it is an art which is made by combination of moving picture. In this study, the researcher analyzes a film which is adapted from a novel. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya Vol. 2, No. 4, Oktober 2018 e-ISSN 2549-7715 Hal: 412-425 413 The film has the same title as the novel entitled Warm Bodies. This film was directed and written by Jonathan Levine, and starred by Nicholas Hoult as R, and Teresa Palmer as Julie. The researcher chose this film because this film provided a different theme from the ordinary zombie film like Walking Dead and Zombieland. The difference came from placing the zombie as the main character or the protagonist. While the other zombies-themed films placed the zombies as the antagonist. This film can be classified as a romantic horror story. This is called romantic story because there is a love story between two persons, a zombie and a human, and also called as a horror story because politically charged and contain nature versus materialism and rural versus urban themes that allow viewers to experience repressed political and social discontent. This film focuses on the character R and Julie. R in this story has showing a human character in zombie character. This is became the researcher’s reason to analyze this film. R as a zombie spends his time wandering around airport. He as a zombie is craving for human flesh especially the brains, because from the brains he can feel “alive” with memories kept in human brains. He met Julie when Julie became a volunteer to take a medicine. To save Julie from other zombies, he spreads his zombie blood to her; it made her has a same scent with the zombies. The researcher chose R’s and Julie’s character because they had a strange chemistry between human and zombie. Besides, the strange power of love which was bloomed between the two main characters can transform a frightening creature like zombies into human. Based on the background above, the researcher has two questions. The questions are: 1). What kinds of archetype are found in R’s & Julie’s characters based on Jung theory? 2). How do those archetypes describe both characters? Based on the research questions above, the researcher tries to reach out the objective of this study as follows. Firstly, the researcher tries to find out the archetypes in R’s and Julie’s character that based on Jung’s theory. Secondly, the researcher tries to analyze how archetype is described in both characters. The researcher adopted Jung archetypes theory to describe these two characters. These are two functional considerations for conducting the research. This study is significant to conduct due to theoretical and practical functions. Theoretically, this research is expected to enrich the knowledge of the readers especially about relationship between literature and archetypes. Therefore, this thesis can be used as one of the references for analyzing archetypal cases and as the guidance for literature students to study literary works from archetype approach. Practically, this research is also expected to give an important contribution to the next students who are interested in doing similar research fields that stay inside or outside city or country. And hopefully, the result of this study is expected to be a reference and alternative information related to archetypes in literary studies. B. RELATED LITERATURE 1. Psychoanalysis and Literature There are many approaches that are usually used in their research. One of the most famous approaches is Psychoanalysis. When we use psychoanalysis as our approach, here we try to understand the character in the novel, story, or film through their psychological l aspect. “Whether we realize it or not, psychoanalytic concepts have become part of our everyday lives, and therefore psychoanalytic thinking should have the advantage of familiarity” (Tyson 11). It is clear why Psychoanalysis quite popular in the research of literature, because every day we can find psychological concept. This part begins with an introduction of what is Jurnal Ilmu Budaya Vol. 2, No. 4, Oktober 2018 e-ISSN 2549-7715 Hal: 412-425 416 (1) Persona Persona is the side of personality that people show to the world is designated, the term is well chosen because it prefers to the mask worn by actor in the early theater. Jung’s concepts of the persona may have originated from experiences with his personality. Although the persona is a necessary side of our personality, we should not confuse our public face with our complete self. If we identify too closely with our persona, we remain unconscious of our individuality and are blocked from attaining self-realization. We must acknowledge society, but if we over identify with our persona, we lose touch with our inner self and remain dependent on society’s expectation (106). (2) Shadow Shadow is the archetypes of darkness and repression, represented those qualities we do not wish to acknowledge but attempt to hide from ourselves and other. The shadow consists of morally objectionable tendencies as well as a number of constructive and creative qualities. Jung contented that, to be whole, we must continually strive to know our shadow and that quest is our first text of courage. It is easier to project the dark side of our personality onto others (107). (3) Anima Anima is the feminism side of men originated in the collective unconscious as an archetype and remains extremely resistant to consciousness. Few men become well acquainted with their anima because this task requires great courage and is even more difficult than becoming acquainted with their shadow. Jung believed that the anima originated from early men’s experience with women—mothers, sisters, and lovers—that combined to form a generalized picture of woman (108). (4) Animus Animus is the masculine side of women. Whereas the anima represents irrational moods and feelings, the animus is symbolic of thinking and reasoning. It is capable of influencing the thinking of woman, yet it does not actually belong to her, it belongs to the collective unconscious and originates from the encounters of prehistoric women in men. Jung believed that the animus is responsible for thinking and opinion in women just as the anima produces feelings and moods in men. The animus is also the explanation for the irrational thinking and illogically opinions often attributed to women (109). (5) Great Mother Two other archetypes, the great mother and the wise old man, are a development of anima and animus. Everyone, man and woman, possesses a great mother archetype. The preexisting concept of mother is always associated with both positive and negative feelings. The great mother, therefore, represented two opposing forces—fertility and nourishment on the hand and power and destruction on the other. Jung believed that our view of a personal loving and terrible mother is largely overrated (109) (6) Wise Old Man Wise old man is archetype of wisdom and meaning, symbolizes human preexisting knowledge of the mysteries of life. This archetypal meaning, however, is unconscious and cannot be directly experienced by a single individual. A man or woman dominated by the wise old man archetype may gather a large following of disciples by using verbiage that sound Jurnal Ilmu Budaya Vol. 2, No. 4, Oktober 2018 e-ISSN 2549-7715 Hal: 412-425 417 profound but that really makes little sense because the collective unconscious cannot directly impart its wisdom to an individual (110). (7) Hero This archetype is often represented in mythology and fairy tales as a very powerful person. Who fight against great odds to conquer or vanquish evil in the form of dragons, monsters, and serpents? The origin of the hero motif goes back to earliest human history— to the dawn of consciousness. In conquering the villain, the hero is symbolically overcoming the darkness of prehumen unconsciousness (110). (8) Self Jung believed that each person possesses an inherited tendency to move forward growth, perfection, and completion, and he called this innate disposition the self. The most comprehensive of all archetypes, the self is the archetypes of archetypes because it pulls together to other archetypes and unites them in the process of self-realization. As an archetype, the self is symbolized by person’s ideas of perfection, completion, and wholeness, but its ultimate symbol is the mandala, which is depicted as a circle within a square, a square within a circle, or any other concentric figure. It represents the strivings of the collective unconscious for unity, balance, and wholeness (111). From the explanation about Jung’s theories above, the researcher concludes that Jung’s archetypes theory is focused on human personality. Each archetype describes about how human personality is progressed. The researcher used this archetype theory for her research is because this is suitable to answer the first question that researcher wants to analyze. C. RESEARCH METHOD This research used a qualitative research. According to Myers, qualitative research is developed in the social science to enable researchers to study social and cultural phenomena. There are various types of qualitative research. One of them is descriptive analysis as the way to interpret the qualitative data. The researcher used descriptive analysis approach toward Warm Bodies film. Based on Peck and Coyle, this study is categorized as literary criticism. The term literary criticism is applied to analyze, interpret, and evaluate a literary work. To be able to conduct a literary criticism, the use of appropriate approach is needed. To analyze R’s and Julie’s character, the researcher applied the archetypes theory by Carl Jung. D. FINDING AND DISCUSSION 1. Findings The researcher finds out and discuss about archetypes that appeared in R and Julie character. R has developed his character from zombie become human since he slowly fell in love with Julie. Archetypes are part of the individual that helps the process of developing a character as much as a part in the development of the character. Archetypes are ancient or archaic images which derive from the collective unconscious. Jung differentiation of the collective unconscious into autonomous forces called archetypes, each with a life and a personality of its own. Although a great number of archetypes exist as vague images, only a few have evolved to the point where they can be conceptualized. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya Vol. 2, No. 4, Oktober 2018 e-ISSN 2549-7715 Hal: 412-425 418 According to Sinaga’s research on his thesis entitled Jungian critics: Belief and Fear on Jack Frost’s Character Development in Peter Ramsey’s Rise of the Guardians Film, archetypes start based on the experiences of those who passed were then continuously repeated. Archetypes cannot be represented directly, but it would express itself through several modes, such as dream, fantasies, delusions and it would eventually emerge as visible as a figure of archetypes. Jung identified the archetypes that appear to have an important role in shaping the human personality. In Warm Bodies film directed by Jonathan Levine, R is the main male character and Julie is the main female character. R and Julie faced many experiences during the journey to cure the zombie and got helps from these archetypes. From twelve archetypes that exist, the researcher only found eight archetypes appear during the story. The eight archetypes that appear in this film is persona, shadow, anima, animus, the great mother, the wise old man, the hero and the self. The researcher would discuss in detail one by one from each of the archetypes that appear in this film. a. Persona Persona is a personality of person shows to the world. A person is using behaviors and attitudes to match with different situation and individual person. The main character, R and Julie use the persona in any behavior and attitude their experienced. R shows his persona with solitude and loneliness through his experience. While Julie shows her persona with loneliness in her life. R is described as a lonely and solitude zombie, he spends his life with wandering around airport. He did not know why and how he becomes zombie. He has persona which is appeared first as loneliness. His loneliness started when he does not remember his family and his previous life before he became a zombie. His loneliness is shown by wandering around airport. The loneliness of R is also appeared when he does not remember his true name “I wish I could introduce myself, but I don’t remember my name anymore, I think it started with an “R” but that’s all I have left. I can’t remember my name, or my parent, or my job” (min: 01.03-01.12) R at first did not remember about everything. He loses his memory about his parents and his name, while he only remembers his first letter of his name. He even cannot make sure that was his real letter of his name. His loneliness also showing when he is wandering around airport alone as his daily routine. “This is a typical day for me; I shuffle around occasionally bumping into people, unable to apologize. A lot of us have made our home here at this airport. I don’t know why? People wait at airport I guess, but I’m not sure what we were all waiting for” (min 01:58/02:33) As the story develops, R was wrong to put a mask in his life. His persona of loneliness has been replaced with a pleasure and fun persona. This is happened when he encounters Julie, while she is unknown that she could cure R with her presence. R also finds himself as hoarder. He keeps the stuffs he has found in the airport to remain him about the being human. “These are really cool record, how did you get these?” Jurnal Ilmu Budaya Vol. 2, No. 4, Oktober 2018 e-ISSN 2549-7715 Hal: 412-425 421 d. Animus Animus is the masculine side of women. Whereas the anima represents irrational moods and feelings, the animus is symbolic of thinking and reasoning. It is capable to influence the thinking pattern of woman. Julie has the animus archetypes in this story. As a woman, Julie has her masculine side when she holds a gun when she faces the pack of zombies. She also had logic thinking. She thinks the human was wrong when calling the zombie as “corpse” without knowing what really happen to the zombie. She also thinks that it is not irrational to call them like that. It is proven by her conversation to Nora as follows: “No, I’m serious, Nora. I mean “corpse” is just a stupid name that we came up with for a state of being that we don’t understand”( Min 01.04.56-01.05.23) From here, it could be concluded that from saving her own life, woman also has their masculine side to protect her. e. Hero Hero in this story is R and Julie. They both become the hero because they fight against their shadow archetype. Julie fights with her father because she wants to give an explanation toward her father that the zombie is having a transformation. However, her father does not believe with that and pointing a gun towards R’s head and tries to shoot his head. Nora tried to help Julie right before her father shoot R. Julie and R—who get help form Nora—running out to the stadium to meet the other zombies that has waited for them. It is explained on the dialogue below: “This is gonna sound really crazy, but I think the dead are coming back to life” “That does sound crazy.” “They’re changing, Dad. They’re.. I don’t know. They’re somehow curing themselves.” “You think they’re curing themselves? How is that?” “I saw it. It is really happening.” “No, You know what is happening, Julie? What’s happening is every day there are more of them and less of us. They are not curing themselves. We’re their food source. They are not becoming vegan, Okay? They don’t eat broccoli, they Jurnal Ilmu Budaya Vol. 2, No. 4, Oktober 2018 e-ISSN 2549-7715 Hal: 412-425 422 eat brains, your mothers and your boyfriend’s include. Okay? So I want you to wake up!” (Min 01.15.16-01.15.52) In the way to cure the other zombies, Julie and R have to face the boneys and they have to survive from them. Beside R and Julie, the zombies who have already waited for them in a stadium also fight against the Boneys, thus making the soldiers who attempt to kill the pack of zombies become confused which colony they should shoot. While Julie and R on their way to survive from the colony of Boneys, they were trapped by the Boneys at the end way. In order to save Julie, R initiates to jump from the highest building by the door that R has opened before. He then sacrifices himself by covering Julie’s body with his body and let his body hit the bottom of pool so Julie could be safe from injury and drowning on the water. f. Self This archetype is an archetype that is very important from all archetypes that had been explained by Jung in the collective unconscious parts. Jung suggests that the self can guide individuals toward self-actualization. The self is the purpose of life, a goal that is constantly fighting for bur rarely achieved (Semiun 70). Both characters show a development in each archetype that finally reaches in perfection of self-archetypes. It is explained from the final scene when sit facing the wall that bordered human and zombies’ living place. R and Julie’s characters become calmer and continue their life together. According to Jung, the self-archetype is very board archetypes of all existing archetypes. This archetype could be seen as archetypes of those archetypes as it pulled the other archetypes and unite them in the process of self-realization. The concept of eight archetypes developed by Jung in this story show how the unconscious participates in helping people to face their own character. By applying this theory in R and Julie characters through the Warm Bodies film, the main characters show their own archetypes even not all the archetypes are appeared. Thus, it can be concluded that the archetypes are very influential in many aspect of our lives, especially the human mind, emotion, and behavior. 2. Discussion In this chapter the researcher wants to discuss about both character that the archetypes are found. The archetypes that the researcher analyzes are persona, shadow, anima, animus, hero, and self. In persona archetypes, the researcher found that the character of R has loneliness and solitude archetypes. This loneliness is shown when he was wandering around the airport and no one can talk with him, he is the zombie that still has some little memories even the memories is only his name. In entire his zombie life, he spends most of his life groaning with his zombie friend M. In Julie character, her persona that shows is bravery. Her persona is the opposite with R, her bravery is show when she holds a gun and pointing it toward the zombies, beside that her bravery also happens when she faces the boneys to find the cure for the zombie. In shadow archetypes, R character showing his dark side with eating a human brain for get a memory from the brain, he did this because he still want to have a human feeling this is because influence from his persona archetypes, besides that, the shadow in R character describing in the boney character, this character is the villain character that also influence because of give up when still become zombie. While in Julie character the shadow that describing her character is her father. Her father become her shadow when he tries to control Jurnal Ilmu Budaya Vol. 2, No. 4, Oktober 2018 e-ISSN 2549-7715 Hal: 412-425 423 Julie, Julie lost his mother because of zombie apocalypse, her mother become a zombie and her father shoot her mother right in the head because he thinks that zombie cannot be cure. Anima archetypes, is described in R character because these archetypes is the feminism side of the man, R described the anima with the way he wanted to keep Julie form the other zombie, beside this his feminism side is described when Julie left him in the abandonment house. In animus archetypes, the researcher described Julie character, animus is the masculine side of women. Julie’s animus is show by pointing a gun and pointed toward the zombie, without feeling scare of zombie. In hero archetypes, the researcher found both characters fight to their own shadows, R fights against the boney, and Julie fights against her father. Julie talked to her father about the chance that the zombie can be healed but her father does not believe it and tries to shoot R right in the head, Nora saved them and asked them to find the way out and find the way to cure R. R has to fight with boney because he showed a transformation to become human, R showed his hero when he was cornered with the boney, he decided to save he and Julie’s life by jumping into the pool that is full of water. The last archetypes are self. In self the researcher found that both character has a development each other that showing when R, who already becomes human and Julie is watching the wall that has separated human and zombie place. This happens because the archetypes unite them in the process of self-realization. Even though the researcher and Sinaga’s thesis has the same theory archetypes but they do not have the similar topic. Sinaga only discusses one character and uses all archetypes theory and the researcher discuss two characters and only use eight archetypes theory but in eight archetypes that the researcher used for her thesis, the researcher only found seven archetypes that suitable to these two characters. E. CONCLUSION In this study, the researcher used archetypes character analysis by Jung to analyze the journey of the both characters along the story. There are eight archetypes that the researcher had used for her study. Each of those archetypes is really suitable for both characters. Those eight archetypes appear, and they are represented by R and Julie’s expressions and other character that had a relation with both character in this film. The persona of R is explained from his loneliness and solitude person, while in Julie is explained as a strong and brave character. The shadow of both characters is explained by other characters that close to each main character. For R, the shadow was the Boneys, which is described as the zombie that has transformed into a skeleton while for Julie the shadow from this character is her father, Mr. Grigio. He is a stoic fatherly figure who acts as her daughter’s shadow only because he had killed her mother with the gun. The anima is only appeared in R because R is a male main character in this film. His anima is expressed through his care towards Julie. While in Julie the researcher found her animus because she was the main female character in this film. Her animus is explained by her gently hold a gun. The great mother in this film is Nora friend of Julie, who is care and worried toward Julie like a mother. While the wise old man the researcher cannot found the character that suitable to these archetypes. Hero in this character is R and Julie, as they both fight against each shadow in this story: R with the boney, and Julie with her father. The self in this story is describing as the both character become calmer than before. R and Julie character also described in Persona archetypes, in R character his loneliness and solitude is represent in persona archetypes, this is also bringing his shadow appear, his