Anatomy & Physiology MCQs: Structure, Cells, Skin, Nervous System, Reflexes, Exams of Nursing

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Anatomy & Physiology Multiple Choice Questions The study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts is called: 1) anatomy 2) homeostasis 3) physiology 4) feedback - /nAnatomy Which of the following is the correct order of levels of structural organizational in the human body: 1) chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organ system level, organ level, organismal level 2) cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level 3) cellular level, tissue level, chemical level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level 4) chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level - /nchemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level The smallest living unit of all living things: 1) an organ 2) a molecule 3) a tissue 4) a cell - /nA cell Which of the following is NOT a necessary life FUNCTION: 1) maintaining boundaries 2) movement 3) responsiveness 4) nutrient removal - /nNutrient Removal Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life functions it provides 1) integumentary system - movement 2) nervous system - excretion 3) muscular system - maintaining boundaries 4) nervous system - responsiveness - /nNervous System - Responsiveness The survival need that is require in order to release energy from food in the mitochondria of our cells is: 1) water 2) atmospheric pressure 3) oxygen 4) constant body temperature - /nOxygen In proper anatomical position: 1) the body is erect, feet parallel, and arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing backward 2) the body is erect, feet parallel, arms hanging at sides with palms facing forward 3) body face up, feet parallel, arms at sides with palms facing backwards 4) body face down, feet not parallel, arms at sides with palms facing forward - /nthe body is erect, feet parallel, and arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing backward Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the SAME meanings (in humans)? 1) posterior and superficial 2) posterior and ventral 3) anterior and inferior 4) anterior and ventral - /nanterior and ventral Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings (in humans)? 1) superficial and proximal 2) superficial and deep 3) lateral and distal 4) proximal and deep - /nsuperficial and deep Which of the following is an anterior body landmark? 1) scapular region 2) gluteal region 3) vertebral region 4) thoracic region - /nThoracic Region Which of the following is a dorsal body landmark? 1) scapular region 2) sternal region 3) thoracic region 4) patellar region - /nScapular Region The region that contains the navel is the: 1) carpal region 2) umbilical region 3) thoracic region 4) patellar region - /nUmbilical Region A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into left and right parts is: 1) sagittal 2) frontal 1) involve bond breakage 2) absorb energy 3) involve bond breakage and absorb energy 4) involve bond formation and absorb energy - /ninvolve bond formation and absorb energy The reaction AB -→ A + B is an example of a(n): 1) exchange reaction 2) synthesis reaction 3) decomposition reaction 4) denature reaction - /nDecomposition reaction Water is useful in the body processes because: 1) it is a good solvent 2) it acts as an enzyme 3) it has low heat capacity 4) it carries oxygen to our cells - /nIt is a good solvent An acidic solution has: 1) A pH equal to 7 2) A pH less than 7 3) A pH higher than 7 4) None of the above - /nA pH higher than 7 Starch is an example of a(n): 1) monosaccharide 2) disaccharide 3) polysaccharide 4) nucleic acid - /nPolysaccharide The organic compound that functions in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the: 1) nucleic acids 2) salts 3) lipids 4) proteins - /nProteins Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group: 1) DNA - lipids 2) Steroids - carbohydrates 3) Fats - Nucleic acid 4) Enzymes - proteins - /nEnzymes - proteins Which of the following is NOT one of the three main regions of all cells? 1) cytoplasm 2) plasma membrane 3) nucleus 4) All of the above are main regions - /nAll of the above are main regions Which of the following is NOT a material that makes up a cell's plasma membrane? 1) waste 2) cholesterol 3) lipid 4) protein - /nwaste Which of the following is NOT a type of membrane junction found in the body? 1) tight 2) desmosome 3) space 4) gap - /nspace Which of the following is NOT a basic type of membrane transport? 1) passive 2) moderate 3) active 4) all of the above are basic types - /nmoderate Which of the following is not part of a solution? 1) solute 2) solvent 3) solstice 4) all of the above are parts of a solution - /nsolstice What is the process where particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration? 1) endocytosis 2) solute pumping 3) exocytosis 4) diffusion - /ndiffusion Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport? 1) bulk transport 2) simple diffusion 3) osmosis 4) facilitated diffusion - /nbulk transport Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue? 1) movement 2) protection 3) absorption 4) secretion - /nmovement Which of the following is NOT a method of tissue repair? 1) regeneration 2) fibrosis 3) necrosis 4) All of the above are methods - /nnecrosis Sebaceous glands are important for: 1) production of sweat 2) keeping skin and hair cells soft and flexible 3) production of keratin 4) body heat regulation - /nkeeping skin and hair cells soft and flexible Which of the following is NOT considered a true layer of the skin? 1) dermis 2) hypodermis 3) epidermis 4) all of the above are considered layers - /nhypodermis The rules of nines refers to 1) how long a burn patient can survive 2) without help 3) a system that allows accurate estimates of the extent of burn damage 4) what percent of patients die of infections after being burned how much infection occurs as a result of burns - /na system that allows accurate estimates of the extent of burn damage Tanning of the skin occurs when 1) apocrine glands secrete melanin 2) the sun stimulates melanocytes to produce the pigment melanin 3) endocrine glands secrete melanocyte stimulating hormone 4) eccrine glands stimulate melanocytes - /nthe sun stimulates melanocytes to produce the pigment melanin Which of the following is NOT considered a normal skin color determinant? 1) carotene 2) hemoglobin 3) melanin 4) all of the above are considered determinants of skin color - /nall of the above are considered determinants of skin color Our skin protects us against bacterial invasion because: 1) sweat glands produce phagocytes which ingest bacteria 2) skin secretions are acidic and inhibit bacterial growth 3) the skin produces melatonin which has antibacterial properties 4) there are sensors in the skin which alert the nervous system of bacteria - /nskin secretions are acidic and inhibit bacterial growth Which of the following is NOT a function of bone? 1) aid in movement of body 2) protection of organs 3) physically transfer nutrients throughout the body 4) support and give structure to the body - /nphysically transfer nutrients throughout the body How many functions do bones have? 1) two 2) three 3) four 4) five - /n5 Which of the following are not categories of bone marking? 1) projections 2) depressions 3) dents 4) all of the above are categories - /ndents Which is NOT part of the axial skeleton? 1) skull 2) bony thorax 3) pelvic girdle 4) vertebral column - /npelvic girdle Which is not a step in the healing of a bone fracture? 1) hematoma formation 2) fibrocartilage callus formation 3) bony callus formation 4) fibroclasts - /nfibroclasts The spine consists of how many individual bones called vertebrae? 1) 17 2) 21 3) 24 4) 28 - /n24 What is the only bone attached to the rest of the skull by a freely movable joint? 1) frontal 2) parietal 3) temporal 4) mandible - /nmandible Which of the following is NOT a part of the bony thorax? 1) sternum 2) clavicle 3) ribs 4) thoracic vertebrae - /nclavicle All of the following are functions of paranasal sinuses except: 1) lighten the skull 2) amplify the voice 3) allow reasonance of the voice 4) all of the above - /nall of the above Respectively, there are how many bones in each section of the vertebral column: neck, thoracic, lumber? 1) 7,14,6 2) 7,12,8 3) 6,12,5 4) 7,12,5 - /n7,12,5 All of the following are parts of the appendicular skeleton except: 1) limbs 2) pectoral girdle 3) skull 4) pelvic girdle - /nskull All of the following are places where cartilage is found in the adult body except: 1) the bridge of the nose 2) the lobe of the ear 3) parts of the rib 4) all of the above have cartilage - /nall of the above have cartilage Which of the following are functions of the coxal bones? 1) protect reproductive organs 2) protect urinary bladder 3) protect part of large intestine 4) all of the above - /nall the above Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 fused bones that make up the hip? 1) ilium 2) ischium 3) hyoid 4) pubic - /nhyoid Which of the following are NOT part of the leg? 1) fibula 2) radius 3) tibia 4) femur - /nradius All of the following are functional classifications of joints except: 1) synovial 2) synarthroses 3) amphiarthroses 4) diarthroses - /nsynovial All of the following are structural classifications of joints except: 1) fibrous 2) cartilaginous 3) synovial 4) sutures - /nsutures All of the following are examples of inflammatory conditions associated with joints except: 1) bursitis 2) sprain 3) arthritis 4) tendonitis - /ntendonitis Which of the following is NOT one of the three overlapping functions of the nervous system? 1) Effect a response 2) Monitor changes 3) Process and interpret 4) Produce hormones - /nproduce hormones The nervous system is considered the master ___________ and _________ system of the body. 1) Feeling and sensing 2) Controlling and communicating 3) Receiving and responding 4) Detecting and relaying - /ncontrolling and communicating Which of the following is an intricate role of the nervous system? 1) Sensory input 2) Integration 3) Motor output 4) All of the above - /nall of the above Changes that occur to the body that are picked up by receptors in the nervous system are: 1) Stimuli 2) responses 3) Processes 4) Alterations - /nstimuli 1) Axon 2) Dendrite 3) Cell Wall 4) Cell Body - /ncell wall Bleeding from ruptured blood vessels is called a: 1) Concussion 2) Contusion 3) Hemorrhage 4) Burst - /nhemorrhage When the brain injury is considered "slight" and able to recover with time and rest, it is called a: 1) Concussion 2) Contusion 3) Intracranial hemorrhage 4) Cerebral edema - /nconcussion Broca's area is a specialized area in our brain that helps with our ability to: 1) Feel pain 2) See 3) Speak 4) Smell - /nspeak What is the leading cause of accidental deaths in the United States? 1) Strokes 2) Alzheimer's disease 3) Drowning 4) Head injuries - /nhead injuries Only _________________ muscle cells are cylindrical and multinucleated. 1) Smooth 2) Skeletal 3) Abdomen 4) Cardiac - /nskeletal Skeletal muscle is often attached by strong, cordlike structures called ________________. 1) Membranes 2) Cords 3) Tendons 4) Ligaments - /ntendons The gap between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber it supplies at the neuromuscular junction is called the ___________________. 1) Axon terminal 2) Myofibril 3) Tubule 4) Synaptic cleft - /nSynaptic cleft The energy source that can be used to directly power muscle activity is _________ 1) NADH 2) Acetyl Coa 3) ATP 4) Glucose - /nATP A single, brief muscle contraction is called _______________. 1) Isotonic 2) Tetanus 3) Twitch 4) Summing of contractions - /ntwitch Muscle tissue that has involuntary, slow, and steady rates of contraction is ___________________. 1) Skeletal 2) Cardiac 3) Smooth 4) Abdominal - /nsmooth ________________ provides the final "go" signal for contraction and is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscles. 1) Nitrogen (Na) 2) Potassium (K) 3) Phosphorus (P) 4) Calcium (C) - /nNitrogen (Na) Which one of the following groups of skeletal muscle connective tissue terms is placed in order from largest to smallest: 1) Myofiliament, myofibril, fiber, fascicle 2) Fiber, myofibril, myofilament, fascicle 3) Fascicle, fiber, myofibril, myofilaments 4) Fascicle, myofibril, myofilaments, fiber - /nFascicle, fiber, myofibril, myofilaments Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the muscular system: 1) Production of movement 2) Stabilization of joints 3) Generation of heat 4) Protection of soft, vital organs - /nProtection of soft, vital organs Muscle tissue that is striated, multinucleate, and voluntary is ____________________. 1) Skeletal 2) Cardiac 3) Smooth 4) Abdominal - /nskeletal Which of the following is method of producing graded responses of skeletal muscle shortening? 1) Changing frequency of muscle stimulation 2) Changing number of muscle cells being stimulated 3) None of the above are 4) All of the above are - /nall of the above are Which is not a type of graded response? 1) Successive 2) Unfused 3) Unsuccessive 4) Fused - /nunsuccessive Which of the following is NOT a metabolic pathway that produces ATP for muscle contraction. 1) Direct phosphorylation of ADP 2) Creatine phosphate production 3) Aerobic respiration 4) Anaerobic glycolysis - /nCreatine phosphate production Which of the following is NOT a result of increased muscle use and exercise? 1) Increase in muscle size 2) Increase in muscle strength 3) Increase in muscle endurance 4) Decrease in metabolism - /nDecrease in metabolism Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle? 1) Accompanist 2) Prime mover 3) Antagonist 4) Synergist 5) Fixator - /nAccompanist Which of the following is NOT a type of ordinary body movement? 1) Flexion 2) Extension 3) Rotation 4) Suspension - /nSuspension A _____________________ is a muscle that has the major responsibility for a certain movement. 1) Antagonist 2) Prime mover 1) Propulsion 2) Setmentation 3) Churning 4) Ingestion - /ningestion Another name for "baby teeth" is 1) little teeth 2) deciduous teeth 3) kid teeth 4) new teeth - /ndeciduous teeth The primary function of the small intestine is: 1) absorption of nutrients 2) absorption of water 3) waste secretion 4) vitamin conversion - /nabsorption of nutrients Which one of the following is NOT a modification (which is designed to increase surface area for absorption) within the small intestine: 1) microvilli 2) villi 3) rugae 4) circular folds - /nrugae Which one of the following is NOT a subdivision of the LARGE intestine? 1) cecum 2) appendix 3) duodenum 4) rectum - /nduodenum The number of permanent teeth within a full set of adult teeth, including wisdom teeth is: 1) 20 2) 24 3) 26 4) 32 - /n32 The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes within hydrolysis reactions is called: 1) ingestion 2) propulsion 3) mechanical digestion 4) chemical digestion - /nchemical digestion Swallowing and peristalsis both assist in: 1) ingestion 2) propulsion from one organ to the next 3) mechanical digestion 4) chemical digestion - /npropulsion from one organ to the next Another name for swallowing is 1) deglutition 2) defication 3) propulsion 4) emulsification - /ndeglutition The process by which food WITHIN the small intestine is mixed with digestive juices by movement across the internal wall of the organ to allow for mechanical digestion is called: 1) peristalsis 2) segmentation 3) chemical digestion 4) absorption - /nsegmentation Proteins are digested to their building blocks which are called: 1) amino acids 2) polypeptides 3) fatty acids 4) glycerol - /namino acids Which one of the following alimentary segments has no digestive function, just transportation of food? 1) stomach 2) illeum 3) esophagus 4) duodenum - /nesophagus The process by which larger molecules or structures are built up from smaller ones (small to large) is called: 1) anabolism 2) catabolism 3) metabolism 4) glycolysis - /nanabolism What structure's main functions are to route air and food into proper channels while also playing a role in speech? 1) Pharynx 2) Larynx 3) Trachea 4) Windpipe - /nlarynx What word has an association with the lungs? 1) Pulmonary 2) Coronary 3) Olfactory 4) Culinary - /npulmonary Which of the following is NOT a phase of the pulmonary ventilation? 1) Inspiration 2) Expiration 3) Inhalation 4) All of the above are phases - /ninhalation Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects respiratory capacity? 1) Sex 2) Age 3) Strength 4) Size - /nstrength How many senses do we have and what are they? 1) Five (touch, smell, hearing, taste, equilibrium) 2) Three (touch, smell, sight) 3) Six (touch, smell, hearing, taste, sight, equilibrium) 4) Four (touch, smell, hearing, sight) - /nSix (touch, smell, hearing, taste, sight, equilibrium) Where in the body are the majority of our sensory receptors found? 1) Nose 2) Eye 3) Mouth 4) Ear - /neye Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the eye? 1) Eyelids 2) Eyelashes 3) Tarsal glands 4) All of the above are accessory structures - /nAll of the above are accessory structures The oily secretions that lubricate the eye are produced by the: 1) Ceruminous glands 2) Lacrimal glands 3) Tarsal glands 4) Ciliary glands - /ntarsal glands The highly contagious bacterial infection known as "pinkeye" is caused by irritation of the: 1) Lens 2) Conjunctiva 3) Rods 4) All of the above are photoreceptors - /nlens What structure must change shape in order to focus for closer, or farther, objects? 1) Pupil 2) Retina 3) Lens 4) Cornea - /nlens The ear is divided into how many areas and what are they? 1) 2 (outer and inner) 2) 3 (outer, middle, and inner) 3) 4 (outer, middle, central, inner) 4) 5 (outer, upper, lower, central, inner) - /n3 (outer, middle, and inner) Which of the following is not found in the tympanic cavity? 1) Malleus (hammer) 2) Incus (anvil) 3) Stapes (stirrip) 4) All of the above are found in the tympanic cavity - /nAll of the above are found in the tympanic cavity Which of the following is the correct order of sound waves traveling through the ear? 1) Pinna, cochlear, canals, hammer, eardrum 2) Cochlear, canals, eardrum, hammer 3) Pinna, eardrum, hammer, cochlear, canals 4) Canals, cochlear, hammer, eardrum, pinna - /nPinna, eardrum, hammer, cochlear, canals Which of the following is not a functional part of equilibrium? 1) Fluid 2) Static 3) Dynamic 4) All of the above are functional parts of equilibrium - /nfluid Which of the following senses do not use chemoreceptors? 1) Taste 2) Hearing 3) Smell 4) All of the above use chemoreceptors - /nhearing Where are taste buds located? 1) The tongue 2) Soft palate 3) Cheeks 4) All of the above - /nall of the above What sense is related with the limbic system of the brain in associations of memories with food? 1) Smells 2) Taste 3) Sight 4) Hearing - /nsmells How many types of taste receptors do we have? 1) Three 2) Four 3) Five 4) Six - /nfive Which of the following is not an example of a taste receptor? 1) Sweet 2) Sour 3) Spicy 4) Salty - /nspicy What is the only sense that is not functional at birth and takes years of "learning"? 1) Hearing 2) Smell 3) Taste 4) Vision - /nvision The endocrine system is responsible for producing _________________. 1) Enzymes 2) Nervous Messages 3) Proteins 4) Hormones - /nhormones __________________ are the means of regulating blood levels of nearly all hormones. 1) Hormones 2) Endocrine system 3) Negative feedback mechanisms 4) Amino acid based molecules - /nNegative feedback mechanisms The endocrine system works in conjunction with the __________ system, but is ___________ to respond. 1) Circulatory; faster 2) Nervous; slower 3) Nervous; faster 4) Circulatory; slower - /nNervous; slower Which one of the following is not an example of negative feedback mechanism? 1) Humoral stimuli 2) Hormonal stimuli 3) Mechanical stimuli 4) Neural stimuli - /nMechanical stimuli _____________ are chemical messengers that are responsible for specific regulatory effects on certain parts or organs. 1) Hormones 2) Endocrine system 3) Negative feedback mechanisms 4) Amino acid based molecules - /nhormones Which of the following is a process controlled by hormones 1) Reproduction 2) Metabolism 3) Homeostasis 4) All of the above are controlled by hormones - /nAll of the above are controlled by hormones What transfers hormones within the body to target sites on cells? 1) Receptors 2) Blood 3) Proteins 4) ATP - /nblood Which of the following is NOT one of the three main categories of hormones? 1) Amino acid based 2) Proteins 3) Steroids 4) Prostaglandins - /nproteins What type of stimuli defines endocrine glands being activated by other hormones? 1) Humoral 2) Hormonal 3) Neural 4) Chemical - /nhormonal __________ is when nerve fibers stimulate hormone release and the target cells respond. 1) Humoral 2) Hormonal 3) Neural 4) Chemical - /nneural The _________________ hangs by a stalk from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus of the brain and has two functional lobes. The ________ is a small, cone-shaped gland found in the roof of the third ventricle of the brain and secretes the hormone melatonin. 1) Pineal gland 2) Hypothalamus gland 3) Anterior Pituitary gland 4) Posterior Pituitary gland - /npineal gland The _______ is located in the upper thorax, posterior to the sternum and produces a hormone called Thymosin. 1) Pineal gland 2) Parathyroid gland 3) Thymus gland 4) Thyroid gland - /nthymus gland The ovaries produce the hormone _______, which stimulates development of the secondary sex characteristics in females and works to prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg. 1) Androgens 2) Estrogen 3) Testosterone 4) Oxytocin - /nestrogen The male gonads produce hormones known as _______. 1) Estrogen 2) Progesterone 3) Androgens 4) Glucocorticoids - /nandrogens ______ is a disease caused by a lack of insulin and an overproduction of glucose in the body. 1) Goiter 2) Hypoglycemia 3) Hyperglycemia 4) Diabetes Mellitus - /ndiabetes mellitus High levels of glucose in the blood stimulate the release of insulin from the ______ cells of the islets of Langerhans. 1) Alpha 2) Beta 3) Gamma 4) White blood - /nBeta Low blood glucose levels stimulate release of glucagons by the _______ cells. 1) Alpha 2) Beta 3) Gamma 4) White blood - /nalpha Blood is a type of which kind of body tissue: 1) Connective 2) Musculoskeletal 3) Adipose 4) Nonliving - /nconnective Which of the following is NOT carried in blood throughout the body? 1) Nutrients 2) Body heat 3) Lymph nodes 4) Wastes - /nlymph nodes Which of the following is NOT a solid component of blood? 1) Red blood cells 2) Plasma 3) White blood cells 4) All of the above are solid components - /nplasma Which of the following is NOT a part of plasma? 1) Nutrients 2) Proteins 3) Hormones 4) All of the above are parts of plasma - /nAll of the above are parts of plasma Which of the following does NOT describe Erythrocytes? 1) Carry oxygen 2) Defend against diseases 3) Bags of hemoglobin 4) Outnumber white blood cells - /nDefend against diseases Which of the following does NOT describe Leukocytes? 1) White blood cells 2) Defend against disease 3) Move into and out of cells easily 4) Anucleate (no nucleus) - /nAnucleate (no nucleus) Which of the following does NOT describe Platelets? 1) Fragments of cells 2) Function as macrophages 3) Needed for clotting process 4) Extremely high count/mm3 - /nfunction as macrophages Which one of the following is NOT among the factors that causes clotting in blood: 1) Hemophilia 2) Platelets 3) Protein 4) Fatty materials - /nHemophilia The heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins of the body through the superior and inferior ___________________. 1) Mediastinum 2) Apex 3) Pericardium 4) Venae Cavae - /nVenae Cavae The pointed end of the heart that is directed toward the left hip is the: 1) Mediastinum 2) Apex 3) Base 4) Pericardium - /napex What divides the heart longitudinally (right from left sides)? 1) Aorta 2) Apex 3) Base 4) Interventricular septum - /nInterventricular septum The circuit in the heart that occurs from the right side to the lungs and back to the left side. It's only function is to carry blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then return it to the heart. 1) Epicardium 2) Myocardium 3) Pulmonary Circulation 4) Systemic Circulation - /nPulmonary Circulation The circuit that runs from the left side of the heart through body tissues and back to the right side of the heart supplying oxygen-rich and nutrient rich blood to all the body organs. 1) Epicardium 2) Myocardium 3) Pulmonary Circulation 4) Systemic Circulation - /nSystemic Circulation Which of the following does NOT describe hemophilia? 1) Hereditary bleeding disorder 2) Normal clotting factors are missing 3) Minor tissue damage can be life-threatening 4) Not treatable with injections - /nNot treatable with injections