Anatomy of Muscles: Naming, Location, Shape, Size, and Function, Exams of Nursing

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Anatomy Chapter 10 Muscular System what kind of tissues are all muscle tissues classified as? - Correct answercontractile tissues what are the three types of muscle tissue? - Correct answerskeletal, cardiac, smooth what's the only action muscles can do? - Correct answerpull, never push what is an agonist muscle? - Correct answerprime mover; major responsibility for producing specific movement what are the functional groups of muscles? - Correct answerprime movers (agonists), antagonists, synergists, and fixators what is an antagonist muscle? - Correct answeropposes or reverses particular movement, slightly contracted to help smooth out movement where are prime movers and antagonists located? - Correct answeron opposite sides of joint across which they act synergist - Correct answerhelps prime mover, adds extra force to the same movement, reduces undesirable or unnecessary movement fixator - Correct answersynergist that immobilizes bone or muscle's origin, gives prime mover stable base on which to act; ex. fix scapula while moving arm what can the same muscle be in different movements? - Correct answercan be a prime mover, an antagonist in another movement, and a synergist in another movement what are muscle names based on? - Correct answermuscle location, muscle shape, muscle size, direction of muscle fibers or fascicles, number of origins, locations of attachments, and muscle action muscle location being used for names - Correct answerbone or body region with which muscle associates muscle shape name examples - Correct answerdeltoids are shaped like triangles muscle size name examples - Correct answermaximus - largest; minimus - smallest; longus - long; brevis - short direction of muscle fibers or fascicles name examples - Correct answerrectus, transversus, oblique what direction are rectus muscle fibers in? - Correct answerfibers run in straight lines and parallel what direction are transversus muscle fibers in? - Correct answerfibers run at right angles what direction are oblique muscle fibers in? - Correct answerrun at angles to imaginary defined axis number of origins names examples - Correct answerbiceps have two origins, triceps have three origins location of attachments names - Correct answernames according to point of origin and insertion is origin or insertion named first? - Correct answerorigin muscle action names - Correct answernamed for action they produce; ex. flexor, extensor what does fascicle arrangement determine? - Correct answerrange of motion and muscle power what is a muscle's range of motion? - Correct answeramount of movement when muscle shortens what kind of muscle fibers shorten more? are they powerful? - Correct answerlong fibers that are parallel to long axis, not very powerful what does a muscle's power depend on? - Correct answernumber of muscle fibers which types of muscle fascicles have the most fibers? - Correct answerbipennate, multipennate; don't shorten much but are powerful what are the different fascicle arrangements? - Correct answerconvergent, circular, fusiform, parallel, multipennate, bipennate, unipennate example of convergent fiber arrangements - Correct answerpectoralis major example of circular fiber arrangements - Correct answerorbicularis oris two groups of anterior neck and throat muscles - Correct answersuprahyoid and infrahyoid suprahyoid muscles - Correct answerfour deep muscles involved in swallowing function of suprahyoid muscles - Correct answerform floor of oral cavity, anchor tongue, move hyoid bone and larynx infrahyoid muscles - Correct answerstraplike muscles, depress hyoid and larynx as swallowing ends and during speech sternocleidomastoid - origin and insertion - Correct answertwo bellies, originates on sternum and clavicle, inserts on mastoid process behind ear function of sternocleidomastoid - Correct answermajor head flexor/neck movements two groups of muscles in neck and vertebral column - Correct answermuscles that move head and trunk extension and posture muscles that move head - Correct answersternocleidomastoid, scalenes, splenius capitis, cervicis portions, semispinalis capitis function of scalenes with sternocleidomastoid - Correct answerlateral head movements/neck movements, also accessory muscles of respiration - opens thoracic cavity function of splenius capitis and cervicis portions - Correct answerhead extension, rotation, and lateral bending function of semispinalis capitis - Correct answersynergist with sternocleidomastoid general trunk extension and posture muscles - Correct answerdeep intrinsic back muscles what specific muscles are used for trunk extension and posture - Correct answererector spinae (sacrospinalis) group; semispinalis and quadratus lumborum function of erector spinae group - Correct answerprime movers of back extension and lateral bending, keep spine erect function of semispinalus and quadratus lumborum - Correct answersynergists in extension and rotation of spine what is the function of deep muscles of the thorax - Correct answerrespiration - breathing external intercostals location and function - Correct answermore superficial, between ribs, elevate ribs for inspiration internal intercostals location and function - Correct answerdeeper muscles, aid forced expiration diaphragm location - Correct answerpartition between thoracic and abdominal cavities; most important muscle in inspiration - flattens when it contracts what is diaphragm innervated by? - Correct answerphrenic nerves what three things pass through the diaphragm and how? - Correct answervena cava, esophagus, aorta by foramen how many paired muscles make up muscles of abdominal wall? - Correct answerfour what are the four paired muscles of abdominal walls? - Correct answerrectus abdominis, external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominis rectus abdominis - Correct answerone on each side, gives us "6 pack", connected in middle by linea abla (white line) external obliques - Correct answersuperficial, upper to lower, fibers run pointing down toward groin internal obliques - Correct answerdeep to external, fibers run perpendicular to external transversus abdominis - Correct answerhorizontal fibers what do all abdominal muscles do together? - Correct answerhelp fix spine in heavy lifting inguinal ligament - Correct answerruns from iliac crest to pubic bone, structures underneath are very important - arteries, nerves, veins pelvic floor also called... - Correct answerpelvic diaphragm how many pairs of muscles make up pelvic diaphragm? - Correct answertwo what are the two pairs of muscles of pelvic diaphragm? - Correct answerlevator ani and coccygeus what are the levator ani and coccygeus innervated by? - Correct answersacral nerves functions of pelvic diagphram - Correct answerseals inferior outlet of pelvis (forms barrier), supports pelvic organs, lifts pelvic floor to help release feces, resists increased intra-abdominal pressure perineum - Correct answerspace between vagina/scrotum and anus urogential diaphragm - Correct answeranterior half of perineum, inferior to pelvic floor what makes up urogenital diaphragm? - Correct answerdeep transverse pineal muscle, external urethral sphincter function of external urethral sphincter - Correct answervoluntary control of urination superficial muscles of the thorax mostly include... - Correct answerextrinsic shoulder muscles extrinsic shoulder muscles - Correct answeract in combination to fix shoulder girdle and move it to increase range of arm movement actions of shoulder muscles - Correct answerelevation, depression, rotation, lateral and medial movements, protraction, retraction, circumduction two groups of superficial muscles of the thorax - Correct answeranterior and posterior what are some anterior superficial muscles of thorax? - Correct answerpectoralis major, deltoid, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior pectoralis major - origin - Correct answeroriginates on sternum and ribs action of deltoid - Correct answerabductor what are some posterior superficial muscles of thorax? - Correct answertrapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid, levator scapulae, teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major flexion of thumb - Correct answerbends medially along palm flexion of fingers - Correct answerbend anteriorly extension of thumb - Correct answerpoints laterally extension of fingers - Correct answermove posteriorly how many groups of intrinsic muscles of the hand? - Correct answerthree three groups of intrinsic muscles of the hand - Correct answerthenar, midpalmar, interossei thenar eminence - Correct answerball of thumb, gives us opposition hypothenar eminence - Correct answerball of little finger functions of thenar and hypothenar eminence - Correct answerflexion, abduction, opposition midpalmar muscles - Correct answerlumbricals and interossei - extend fingers function of interossei - Correct answerextend, abduct, adduct fingers what are thenar and hypothenar muscles innervated by? - Correct answerulnar nerve sartorius muscle insertion - Correct answertibia below the knee sartorius muscle origin - Correct answeranterior superior iliac spine what does sartorius mean? - Correct answertaylor - like for suits location of sartorius muscle - Correct answercrosses from lateral aspect of thigh to medial part of knee location of gracilis - Correct answermedial side of thigh gracilis origin - Correct answerpubic bone where do all quadriceps femoris muscles originate? - Correct answeron pubis, pelvis, and femur where does tensor facsiae latae originate? - Correct answerilium tensor facsiae latae insertion - Correct answertibia function of tensor fasciae latae - Correct answerstabilizes and controls knee joint thigh extensor muscles (knee flexors) - Correct answerhamstrings what muscles make up the hamstrings? - Correct answerbiceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus where do all hamstring muscles insert? - Correct answeron tibia and fibula below the knee where do adductor muscle group of thigh originate and insert? - Correct answeroriginates on pelvis (pelvic arch), inserts on shaft of femur what muscles of the thigh move the knee joint? - Correct answerquadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles function of quadriceps femoris in knee joint - Correct answersole extensor of knee function of hamstring muscles in knee joint - Correct answerflex knee, antagonists to quadriceps femoris what are muscle compartments and how many? - Correct answerbundles of muscles sheathed in a tough fibrous fascae, 3 what is the main muscle of the anterior compartment of lower leg - Correct answertibialis anterior - dorsiflexion shin splints - Correct answerswelling that puts tension on fascia treatment of shin splints - Correct answerreduce swelling with cool packs, insteps, elevation, rest what muscles make up posterior compartment of leg - Correct answergastrocnemius and muscles underneath it that act as synergists where does gastrocnemius insert? - Correct answeron calcaneus, both bellies what's a function of the gastrocnemius muscle? - Correct answercontract and put tension and raises achilles tendon, lets us stand on our tip toes what does hallucis mean - Correct answerbig toe how many layers of muscles are there in the foot - Correct answer7 pectoralis major origin and insertion - Correct answerorignates on anterior chest wall/sternum; inserts on humerus latissimus dorsi insertion - Correct answerhumerus origin and insertion of temporalis muscle - Correct answeroriginates on skull, inserts on coronoid process origin and insertion of masseter muscle - Correct answeroriginates on zygoma, inserts on mandible angle major and minor zygomatic muscles - Correct answerattach to cheekbones function of levator lebia - Correct answerraises lips digastric muscles - Correct answerhas two bellies, opens mandible flexor digitorum superficialis - Correct answerflex fingers flexor carpi ulnaris - Correct answerflex wrist, lies on ulnar side of forearm flexor retinaculum - Correct answerall tendons pass underneath, holds them down carpal tunnel syndrome - Correct answercompression and thickening of median and ulnar nerve insertion of iliopsoas - Correct answerinsert on lesser trochanter what muscles make up adductor group of leg? - Correct answeradductor magnus, brevis, and longus posterior muscles of hip and thigh - Correct answergluteus medius, minimus, and maximus; quadratus femoris where do the posterior muscles of hip and thigh connect? - Correct answeron trochanter or just below it where do the gluteus medius and minimus insert? - Correct answeron thigh