Nursing Regulations: Licensure, Certification, Practice, Confidentiality, Exams of Health psychology

Download Nursing Regulations: Licensure, Certification, Practice, Confidentiality and more Exams Health psychology in PDF only on Docsity! ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies - correct answer all nurse practitioners upon graduation are expected to meet these. These include scientific foundations, leadership, quality, practice inquiry, technology and information literacy, policy, health delivery system, ethics, and independent practice history of NP role - correct answer the NP role was introduced in 1965 by Loretta Ford and Henry Silver, MD at the University of Colorado. They identified new roles in which experienced RNs with advanced education and skills were performing clinical duties traditionally reserved for physicians. License, Accreditation, Certification, and Education Consensus Model - correct answer adopted by many nursing organizations, this provides guidance for states to adopt uniformity in the regulation of APRN roles; finalized in 2008 state legislative statutes - correct answer grant legal authority for NP practice Nurse Practice Act - correct answer every state has one; provides title protection (who may be called a nurse practitioner), defines advanced practice, prevailing state laws that ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers define scope of practice, places restrictions on practice, sets NP credentialing requirements, states grounds for disciplinary action, and may specifically require that an NP develop a collaborative agreement with a physician States grounds for disciplinary action - correct answer practicing without a valid license, falsification of records, medicare fraud, failure to use appropriate nursing judgment, failure to follow accepted nursing standards, failure to complete accurate nursing documentation collaborative agreement - correct answer a protocol that describes what types of drugs might be prescribed and defines some form of oversight for NP practice licensure - correct answer a process by which an agency of state government grants permission to persons to engage in the practice of that profession; also prohibits all others from legally doing protected practice credentialing - correct answer process used to protect the public by ensuring a minimum level of professional competence ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers informed consent - correct answer communication process between provider and client that results in client's acceptance or rejection of proposed treatment; right of all competent adults and emancipated minors emancipated minor - correct answer persons younger than 18 who are married, parents, or self-sufficiently living away from the family domicile elements of informed consent - correct answer must include nature/purpose of tx, risks/benefits of tx, risks/benefits of NOT doing tx, alternative tx, diagnosis and prognosis. Provider must document in medical record that informed consent has been obtained from client justice - correct answer doing what is fair; fairness in all aspects of care beneficence - correct answer promoting well-being and doing good ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers nonmaleficence - correct answer doing no harm fidelity - correct answer being true and loyal autonomy - correct answer doing for self veracity - correct answer telling the truth respect - correct answer treating everyone with equal respect deontological theory - correct answer an action is judged as good or bad based on the act itself regardless of the consequences teleological theory - correct answer an action is judged as good or bad based on consequence or outcome ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers virtue ethics - correct answer actions are chosen based on moral virtue or the character of the person making the decision malpractice insurance - correct answer provides financial protection against claims of malpractice (coverage for negligence and for highly technical or professional skills required by NPS), recommended universally for all NPs, does not protect NPs from charges of practicing outside scope of practice, provides NPs their own legal representation even if their agency carries it a well duty - correct answer can be established before office visit; the NP has to exercise reasonable care when undertaking and providing treatment to the client breach of duty - correct answer the NP violated the applicable standard of care in treating client's condition proximate cause - correct answer there is a causal relationship between the breach in the standard of care and the client's injuries ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers colocation - correct answer providing mental health and primary care services at a single site forensic risk assessment - correct answer protect the public from persons with known mental disorders having dangerous, violent, and criminal histories transference - correct answer displacement of feelings for significant people in the client's past onto the PMHNP in the present relationship countertransference - correct answer nurse's emotional reaction to the client based on her or his past experiences introduction phase - correct answer also known as orientation phase of therapeutic nurse-client relationship; nurse creates trusting environment, establishes professional boundaries, establishes length of interaction, provides diagnostic evaluation, sets mutually agreed upon tx objectives. Client has initial hesitancy (approach avoidance) ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers working phase - correct answer also known as the Identification and Exploitation phase of therapeutic nurse-client relationship; nurse clarifies client expectations/goals, implements tx plan, monitors health, undertakes preventative health, measures/evaluates outcomes of care, reprioritizes plans/objectives as needed. Transference/countertransference may occur. Client may have resistance to care practices/change termination phase - correct answer also known as the resolution phase of therapeutic nurse-client relationship; nurse reviews client's progress toward objectives, establishes plan for long term care, focuses on self-management strategies, disengages from relationship, refers to other services. Client may resist termination, regress, and have reemergence of symptoms/problems trust vs mistrust - correct answer birth-1 year; mastery includes ability to form meaningful relationships, hope about the future, trust in others. Indications of failure include poor relationships, lack of future hope, suspiciousness of others autonomy vs shame and doubt - correct answer 1-3 years; mastery indications include ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers self-control, self-esteem, willpower. Indications of failure include poor self-control, low self esteem, self doubt, lack of independence initiative vs guilt - correct answer 3-6 years; mastery indications include self-directed behavior, goal formation, sense of purpose. Failure indications include lack of self-initiated behavior, lack of goal orientation industry vs inferiority - correct answer 6-12 years; mastery indications include ability to work, sense of competency and achievement. Failure includes sense of inferiority, difficulty learning, working identity vs role confusion - correct answer 12-20 years; mastery includes personal sense of identity; failure includes identity confusion, poor self-identification in group settings intimacy vs isolation - correct answer 20-35 years; mastery includes committed relationships, capacity to love; failure includes emotional isolation and egocentrism ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers at birth as infant struggles to deal with environment; responsible for use of defense mechanisms; "I think, I evaluate" superego - correct answer is the ego-ideal; contains sense of conscience or right vs wrong; contains aspirations, ideals, morals; regulated by guilt and shame; begins to fully develop around age 6 as child comes into contact with external authority figures; "I should or ought" oral stage - correct answer 0-18 months; primary means of discharging drives and achieving gratification are sucking, chewing, feeding, and crying; failure linked to schizophrenia, substance abuse, paranoia anal stage - correct answer 18 months-3 years; primary means of discharging drives and achieving gratification are sphincter control, activities of expulsion and retention; failure linked to depressive disorders phallic stage - correct answer 3-6 years; primary means of discharging drives and achieving gratification are exhibitionism, masturbation with focus on Oedipal conflict, castration ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers anxiety, and female fear of lost maternal love; failure linked to sexual identity disorders latency stage - correct answer 6 years-puberty; primary means of discharging drives and achieving gratification are peer relationships, learning, motor-skills development, socialization; failure linked to inability to form social relationships genital stage - correct answer puberty forward; primary means of discharging drives and achieving gratification are integration and synthesis of behaviors from earlier stages, primary genital-based sexuality; failure linked to sexual perversion disorders cognitive theory - correct answer developed by Jean Piaget; human development evolves through cognition, learning, and comprehending; factors such as native endowment and biological and environmental factors set the course for a child's development sensorimotor stage - correct answer birth-2 years; the critical achievement of this stage is object permanence: the ability to understand ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers that objects have an existence independent of the child's involvement with them preoperational stage - correct answer 2-7 years; more extensive use of language and symbolism; magical thinking concrete operations stage - correct answer 7-12 years; child begin to use logic; develop concepts of reversibility and conservation formal operations stage - correct answer 12-adulthood; ability to think abstractly; thinking operates in a formal, logical manner reversibility - correct answer realization that one thing can turn into another and back again; part of cognitive theory conservation - correct answer ability to recognize that although the shape of an object may change, it will still maintain characteristic that enable it to be recognized as that object (e.g. clay); part of cognitive theory ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers altruism - correct answer defense mechanism; meeting the needs of others in order to discharge drives, conflicts, or stressors interpersonal theory - correct answer developed by Sullivan; behavior occurs because of interpersonal dynamics; interpersonal relationships and experiences influence ones personality development, which is called the self-system health belief model - correct answer developed by Becker; explains that healthy people do not always take advantage of screening or preventative programs because of perception of susceptibility, seriousness of illness, perceived benefits of treatment, perceived barriers to change, expectations of efficacy precontemplation - correct answer person has no intention to change contemplation - correct answer person is thinking about changing; is aware that there is a problem but not committed to changing ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers preparation - correct answer person has made the decision to change; is ready for action action - correct answer the person is engaging in specific overt actions to change maintenance - correct answer the person is engaging in behaviors to prevent relapse self-efficacy - correct answer perception of one's ability to perform a certain task at a certain level of accomplishment theory of cultural care - correct answer nursing theory by Leininger that states regardless of the culture, care is the unifying focus and the essence of nursing; health and well being can be predicted through cultural care theory of self-care - correct answer nursing theory by Dorothy Orem that states that self-care includes activities that maintain life, health, and well-being ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers therapeutic nurse-client relationship theory - correct answer also known as interpersonal theory, developed by Peplau, first significant psychiatric nursing theory, based on Sullivan's work, sees nursing as an interpersonal process in which all interventions occur within the context of the nurse-client relationship; orientation phase, working phase, and termination phase caring theory - correct answer nursing theory by Jean Watson that states that caring is a an essential component of nursing; carative factors guide the core of nursing and should be implemented in health care; carative factors are those aspects of care that potentiate therapeutic healing and relationships team leadership model - correct answer decision 1: should the leader monitor the team or take action? decision 2: should the leader intervene to meet the task or relational need? decision 3: Should the leader intervene internally or externally? decision 4: Assess for conflicts between group members- action to maintain group performance ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers 2. Evidence-based guidelines based on systematic reviews 3. Evidence from controlled trials w/o randomization 4. Evidence from systemic review of descriptive and qualitative studies 5. Evidence from expert opinion, committee reports quantitative hierarchy - correct answer 1. Evidence from systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies 2. Evidence from a single descriptive or qualitative study 3. Evidence from expert opinion/committee 4. Evidence-based guideline based on systematic review of RCTs 5. Evidence from well-designed controlled trials w/o randomization 6. Systematic reviews or meta-analysis 7. Evidence from at least one well-designed RCT internal validity - correct answer the independent variable (the treatment) caused a change in the dependent variable (outcome) ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers external validity - correct answer the sample is representative of the population and the results can be generalized descriptive statistics - correct answer use to summarize the basic features of the data in the study; numerical values that summarize, organize, and describe observations mean - correct answer average of scores standard deviation - correct answer indication of the possible deviations from the mean variance - correct answer how the values are dispersed around the mean inferential statistics - correct answer numerical values that enable one to reach conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone; generated by quantitative research designs ANCC PMHNP Exam Chapters 2-4 Questions And Answers t test - correct answer assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other analysis of variance - correct answer tests the differences among three or more groups pearson's r correlation - correct answer tests the relationship between two variables probability - correct answer likelihood of an event occurring; lies between 0 and 1 p value - correct answer also known as level of significance; describes the probability of a particular result occurring by chance alone (if it is .01 there is a 1% probability of obtaining a result by chance alone) quality improvement - correct answer agency-specific projects that aim to improve systems, decrease cost, and improve productivity; provides standardized method to identify