Andrew Jackson's Impact on Politics, Economy, and Society, Study notes of Voice

Download Andrew Jackson's Impact on Politics, Economy, and Society and more Study notes Voice in PDF only on Docsity! ANDREW JACKSON & JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY The era of the “Common Man” Essential Questions  What was “Jacksonian Democracy”?  How did Jackson’s policies affect the political, economic, and social life of the nation?  How did social and economic life change as the United States began to move from an agrarian to an industrial society? Presidency of Andrew Jackson  In 1824, General Andrew Jackson, the hero of the War of 1812, won the popular vote, but fell short of enough votes in the Electoral College to win the election.  The winner was decided by the House of Representatives, which selected John Quincy Adams (son of President John Adams) as President. John Quincy Adams Presidency of Andrew Jackson  John Quincy Adams appointed Henry Clay as his Secretary of the State.  Andrew Jackson accused Adams and Clay of making a “corrupt bargain.” He accused them of “stealing the election.”  The Democratic-Republicans split between the supporters of Jackson and called themselves “Democrats” and his opponents called themselves “Whigs.” Political Parties Political Parties Federalists Democratic- Republicans Whigs Democrats Started with Hamilton’s Economic Plan. Supporters were Federalists. Those opposed were Democratic Republicans. Ended after the War of 1812 Split between the supporters of Jackson Oppose Jackson Support Jackson The Inauguration A crowd of 20,000 people trampled through the White House after Jackson’s inauguration. Jackson invited the public to visit the White House for his inauguration. The Expansion of Democracy  Jackson’s two terms in office saw an expansion of American democracy.  This was a time in which state governments were changing their requirements for voting.  This allowed all white males to vote, regardless of property ownership. Change in voter qualifications 1800- 1830 Va. CANADA ce Property 2 qualifications Taxpayer i qualifications 2 Universal white . co male suffrage 0 250 500 miles [= r 0 250 500kilometers 1830 CANADA 4 Property qualifications Taxpayer = qualifications Universal white |= male suffrage 250 500 miles 250 500 kilometers Jackson and Native American Indians *Jackson proposed the Indian Removal Act in 1830. *The act required the Indians to adopt Western ways or move west. The Cherokees refused to do so and appealed their case to the Supreme Court. *John Marshall ruled in their favor. le utile Guus Sal Our Theh boy) Come “few place IS nice, : | The Trail of Tears *The Indian Removal Act gave the Indians two years to migrate voluntarily. *They did not all leave and were forced out. *They were not allowed time to gather their belongings and as they left, whites looted their homes. *This began the march known as the Trail of Tears, in which 4,000 Indians people died of cold, hunger, and disease on their way to the western lands. The Nullification Crisis *One of the main issues during Jackson’s presidency was the matter of a high or low tariff (tax on imported goods). *A high tariff protected northern industry and was good for the north, but made goods more expensive and was bad for the south. Tariff of Abominations  *In 1828, Jackson’s supporters demanded changes in the tariff rates proposed by President John Q. Adams.  The Tariff of 1828 became known as the Tariff of Abominations.  A leading spokesperson against the tariff was Vice President, John C. Calhoun. Letter, Andrew Jackson to Martin Van Buren discussing the nullification crisis, 13 January 1833. (Martin Van Buren Papers) *Nullification is a constitutional theory that gives an individual state the right to declare null and void any law passed by the United States Congress which the state deems unacceptable and unconstitutional. *Jackson threatened military action against South Carolina. Henry Clay *Jackson immediately spoke out against the nullification process. * Henry Clay finally proposed a compromise tariff through a reduction in tariffs over the next 10 years.