animal kingdom and sample question papers, Exams of Biology

Download animal kingdom and sample question papers and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! BIOLOGY IMPORTANT SHORT NOTES NEET | JEE Important Formula Sheet (Handbook) for Entrance Exam Preparation www.admission.aglasem.com ANIMAL KINGDOM 2 Animals are classified on the basis of arrangement of cells, body symmetry, nature of coelom, pattern of digestive, circulatory and reproductive system ‘Open circulatory system- blood is pumped out of heart and cells and tissue are directly bathed in it. Closed circulatory system- blood is circulated through arteries, veins and capillaries. The animals in which cells are arranged in two embryonic layer, external ectaderm and internal endode are called diploblastic. Eg. Porifera and Cnidaria, udisstuipy . Dioeciaus (Nereis) or monocious {earthwarm, leech) Example- Pheretima (earthworm), Hirunidaria (Blood sucking leech). 7. Phylum Arthropoda . Largest phylum of animals which includes insects. Organ system af organization, triploblastic, coelomate, bilaterally symmetrical with chitinous exoskeleton. Body consists of head, thorax and abdomen, jointed appendages {jointed feet). Respiratory organs are gills, book lungs or tracheal system with open circulatory system. Excretion through malpighian tubules, sense organs antenna or eyes. Fertilization internal, mostly ovinarous. Example- Economically impartant- Apis (honey bee), Bombyx (silk worm). \Vectors- Anopheles, Ades, Culex (mosquito). Living fossils- Limulus (king crab) 8. Phylum Mollusea sees Terrestrial or aquatic, organ level of organization, bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and coelomate. Body divided into head, muscular foat and visceral hump. Unregimented and covered with calcareous shell. Feather like gills are present between hump and mantle. Mouth contains file like rasping organ for feeding called radula. Example- Pile, Octapus. 9. Phylum Echinodermata (The Spiny Skinned Animals) Endoskeleton of calcareous ossicles, marine with organ system of organization. Triploblastic, coelomate, presence af water vascular system help in locomotion, capture of food and respiration. ‘Sexes are separate, fertilization is external and development is indirect. Example- Asterias (Star fish}, Cucumaria (Sea cucumber), Antedon (Sea lily). 10.Phylum Hemichordata sees 11.Phylum Chordates ‘Worm-like marine animals with organ system of organization, bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and coelomate animats. Body Is cylindrical, composed of anterior proboscis, a collar and a long trunk. ‘Open circulatory system, respiration by gills, excretory organ is proboscis glands, Sex separate, fertilization is external, indirect development. Example- Bolanoglossus, Saccaglossus. 15 eee eee Presence of notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve chard and paired pharyngeal gill slits. Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate with organs system levels of organization. Closed circulatory system, ventral heart, past-anal tail is present. Subphylums are Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Vertebrata. In Urochordata, notochord is present only in larval tail In Cephalechordate it extends from head to tail and persists throughout the life. Vertebrata possesses notochord in embryonic period which is replaced by vertebral calumn in the adults. Sub-phylum Vertebrata is further divided into two division Agnatha ( lacks jaw) and Gnathostomata ( bears jaw). Gnathostomata is further divided into two super class- Pisces ( bears fins) and Tetrapoda [bears limbs} Class Cyclostomata (Circular mouthed fishes)- They are ectoparasites on some fishes. Having sucking and circular mouth without jaws. Body devoid of scales, gill slits for respiration, cranium and vertebral column is cartilaginous. Circulation is closed type. They are marine but migrate to fresh water for spawning and die after few days. Larva return to seas after metamorphosis, Example: Petromyzon (Lamprey}, Maxine {Hag fish), Class Chondrichithyes ( The Cartilaginous Fish) They are marine, streamlined body, bears cartilaginous endoskeleton, cold blooded, tough skin with minute placoid scales. Gill slits are separate with operculum, powerful jaw and predator. Air bladder is absent, to avoid sinking swims constantly. Heart is two chambered, cold blaaded (Poikilothermus). Sexes separate, in males pelvic fins bears claspers. Internal fertilization, many are viviparous. Electric organ is present in Torpedo and Poison sting in Trygon Example- Seolfodan (Dog fish), Carcharodran (great white shark). Class Ostechthyes (The body fish) Marine and fresh water both with bony endoskeleton. Streamlined body with four pair of gills covered by * ‘operculum. * Skin is covered with scales, air bladder is present, and heart is two chambered, cold blooded Sexes are separate, fertilization is external, oviparous and development direct. > Example: Marine- Hippocampus (Sea horse), Exocoetus (Flying fish). n Fresh weter- Lobeo (Rohu}, Catia, Clorias (Magur}. 5 > (Class Tetrapoda: a Subdivided as: Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammals. 5 ‘Amphibia I Reptilia I ‘Aves: Mammals. 5 16  Lives in aquatic as well Mostly terrestrial Presence of feathers for Mostly terrestrial, a few can fly as terrestrial habitat. animals. flying. and live in water. Twio pairs of limbs. Limbs two pair if Forelimb is modified inta Two pair of limbs. present, wings. Maist skin without scales. Dry and cornified skin having scale or scute. Skin is dry withaut glands Long bones are hollow with air cavities, Mammary gland is present to produce milk. Skin possesses hairs, Respiration by gills, Respiration by lungs, Respiration by lungs. Respiration by lungs. lungs or skin. Heart three Heart three Heart is four chambered, Heart is four chambered. chambered, cold chambered, warm blooded, bloaded. Crocadile 4 chambered. Oviparaus. Oviparous. Oviparous. Viviparous or Oviparous, Rana (frog), Chamelion, Columba, Pavo, Ostrich, Platypus(oviparous), Camel, Dog, salamander. Crocodilus, Naja Blue whale.