Animal Structure - Introduction to Biology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Biology

Download Animal Structure - Introduction to Biology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Animal Strueture m Funetiqn Chanter 49 Anatomy: The study if the structure of an organism Physiology: The study of the function an organism performs Docsity.com Epithelia comes in 2 forms: 1. Glandular epithelia 2. Membranous epithelia Functions: • Protection • Absorption • Filtration • Excretion • Secretion • Sensory reception Docsity.com • Ducted glands • Most have supportive connective tissue, secretory unit, blood supply, nerves • Ex. pancreas, sweat glands, salivary, sebaceous, mammary glands Docsity.com Secretes product directly directly in blood • Pituitary • Hypothalamus • Thyroid • Adrenal • Pancreas • Thymus • Pineal Docsity.com Functions: 1. Connects body parts 2. Protection 3. Insulation 4. Transport substances Common characteristics: 1. All originate from mesenchyme 2. Well vascularized 3. Cells scattered through an extracellular matrix Docsity.com Three main elements: • Ground substance (interstitial fluid and proteins) • Fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic) • Cells (chondrocytes, osteocytes, fibrocytes, blood, macrophages, mast cells) Docsity.com • Skeletal Muscle Tissue • Smooth Muscle Tissue • Cardiac Muscle Tissue Docsity.com Metabolic rate provides clues to an animal’s bioenergetic “strategy” Metabolic Rate: the rate energy consumed for metabolic purposes over time (calories). • Respiration • Growth • Repair • Digestion • Physical Activities Docsity.com Metabolic Rate Measure by : • Heat loss from respiration • O2 consumed • CO2 produced • Food consumption Docsity.com Two basic bioenergetic strategies used by animals : • Endothermy “warm blooded” • Ectothermy “cold blooded” Docsity.com Factors influence energy requirements: • Age • Sex • Size • Body and environmental temperatures • The quality and quantity of food • Activity level • Oxygen availability • Hormonal balance • Time of day (nocturnal vs diurnal) Docsity.com Torpor Hibernation- a winter torpor Estivation- a summer torpor • Conserves energy • Temperature- hot, cold, dry • Metabolic rate slows • Body temp drops Docsity.com