Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update., Exams of Nursing

Download Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. What is animal welfare? - Answer A scientific concept describing a measurable state of an animal's quality of life at a particular time. How do the terms 'health' and 'welfare' overlap? - Answer Health is an important part of welfare - poor health can lead to decreased welfare - decreased welfare can lead to poor health What is good welfare? - Answer Good animal welfare implies the absence of pain, fear, and hunger, and enables a high level of biological functioning (normal growth, freedom from disease) and enables animals to experience positive emotional experiences such as comfort and contentment. How did Jeremy Bentham influence animal welfare philosophy? - Answer He challenged traditional thinking about animals. The question is not can they reason or can they talk, but can they SUFFER? Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. What is sentience? - Answer The ability to feel or perceive discomfort, pain, fear, contentment, and happiness. Do fish feel pain? - Answer Yes! - rainbow trout exhibit behaviours associated with pain, and their brains fire neurons in the same way as human brains do when experiencing pain - goldfish feel pain and react the same as humans, too What are the three concepts of animal welfare? - Answer Physical (injury, disease), mental (pain, fear), naturalness (grazing, social) What is the 'nature' based concept of animal welfare? - Answer Each animal species has an inherent genetically coded nature, and good welfare requires that an animal be able to live in accordance with its Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. How do the five freedoms and the five welfare domains differ? - Answer Freedoms = freedom FROM, bare minimums Welfare domains developed to emphasize positive welfare experiences Which biological measures do we use to assess welfare? - Answer Physiology Immunology Behaviour Production measures Health indicators Is longevity a positive welfare indicator? - Answer No Is breeding a positive welfare indicator? - Answer No How do we measure welfare in non-humans? - Answer Production measures Immunology Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. Health indicators Physiology Behaviour What are immunological measures of animal welfare? - Answer Measuring blood levels of immune cells such as lymphocytes. Giving antigens and measuring immune response. However, blood sampling can be stressful for individuals, expensive, and time- consuming. Give an example of why using production measures alone isn't a good indicator of welfare. - Answer Effect of space allocation in pigs. Pigs with the highest density spent the least time feeding, but had the highest daily gain. Pigs with the lowest density had lowest daily gain, but spent more time feeding. What are physiological measures of animal welfare? - Answer Body temperature, Stress axes (SA or HPA), brain/neurotransmitters. Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. What are the slow acting and fast acting responses of the stress axes? - Answer Fast acting: nervous system causes sympathetic output of NA and A, this is short lived Slow acting: endocrine system increases ACTH and cortisol, slower to respond but longer lived What is the SA axis? (sympathetic-adrenal medulla axis) - Answer Measures heart rate, adrenaline, adrenal medulla pathology, and activation of brain regions such as the amygdala. What is the HPA axis? - Answer Measures CRH, ACTH, and cortisol. How is the HPA axis affected with nestbuilding in sows? - Answer Plasma cortisol is much higher in sows in gestation crates that cannot nest build, vs sows in larger stalls with room to nest build How can cortisol levels be measured? - Answer Blood plasma (gold standard), saliva, urine, milk, feces, hair/wool/fur. Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. How can the consumer demand theory be used to test rewards for pigs? - Answer Measures how hard they will 'work' to get something and thus how important it is for them. For pigs, food > social contact > wood shavings >> sand >> locomotion What is cognitive bias? - Answer Influences about situation/people may be drawn in an illogical fashion. Individuals create their own "subjective social reality" from their perception of the input. How would a welfare scientist perform a qualitative assessment? - Answer Observers watch videos of animals and score them (ex effect of weaning on pigs: confident/friendly, aggressive/forceful, gentle/calm, timid/anxious) What are the advantages and disadvantages of home pen observations? - Answer Simple, practical, but limited by availability and resources in pen What are the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative assessment? - Answer Makes use of caretakers knowledge of animal, is practical, but can be anthropomorphic and open to bias Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. What are the advantages and disadvantages of preference-consumer demand and cognitive bias testing? - Answer More focused on questions, provide clear Answer s from animals choice, but more difficult to set up, which isn't practical. Often limited due to choice provided (what does it mean to animal?) Is the following statement an example of welfare science, ethics, or law? "What is our impact on animals?" - Answer Science Is the following statement an example of welfare science, ethics, or law? "How should we treat animals?" - Answer Ethics Is the following statement an example of welfare science, ethics, or law? "How must we treat animals?" - Answer Legislation Welfare ________ considers the rights and wrongs of human actions towards animals. - Answer Ethics Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. What are the branches of ethics? - Answer Professional ethics: vets should not cause their patients unnecessary suffering Personal ethics Societal ethics: usually agreed by majority and enforced through legislation. Ex. animals should be stunned before slaughter What is the golden rule of veterinary professional ethics? - Answer Do no harm. "It's OK to beat the dog" is an example of which moral status? - Answer Animals have no moral status. "Don't beat the dog, as you might upset the owner" is an example of which moral status? - Answer Animals have instrumental value. "Don't beat the dog as it would hurt the dog and this matters" is an example of which moral status? - Answer Animals have intrinsic value Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. What is cognitive bias? - Answer The affective state of an animal in a particular situation is assessed by their tendency to behave optimistically or pessimistically. What are the 3 Rs? - Answer Replacement, Reduction, Refinement What are absolute and relative replacements? - Answer Absolute: techniques which do not involve animals Relative: replace the use of 'protected' animals with other species, such as invertebrates, or in vitro cells/tissues What is reduction? - Answer Obtain comparable levels of information from fewer animals Achieve more information from same number of animals thereby reducing future use of animals ex. imaging modalities Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. What is refinement? - Answer Any approach which avoids or minimizes the actual potential pain, distress, or other adverse effects experienced at any time during the life of the animals involved which enhances their well-being. ex. analgesia, environmental enrichment When devising environmental enrichment, it is important to provide animals with _____ over their environment by giving them ______. - Answer control by giving them choices ex. nests, visual barriers What is the number 1 welfare issue with dairy cattle? - Answer Mastitis What is the number 2 welfare issue with dairy cattle? - Answer Lameness Cows are synchronous-- what does this mean? - Answer They like to eat at the same time, lay down at the same time, etc. How many hours/day does a healthy cow lie down? - Answer 10 Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. In modern dairy systems, when are calves removed from cows? - Answer 12-24 hours after birth What is the social structure of pigs under normal conditions? - Answer Maternal groups - Mothers and offspring, between 2-6 adults with stable social hierarchies Males are solitary Large home ranges with seasonal reproduction, litter sizes of ~6. Sows farrow in isolation and come back after 10 days, and piglets are weaned off gradually by 17 weeks. What is a mutilation defined as in British legislation? - Answer A prohibited procedure, which means a procedure that involves interference with the sensitive tissues or bone structure of an animal otherwise than for the purpose of medical treatment. Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. What is the minimum standard for pig housing conditions? - Answer Animals should have the space to move around, lie down, feed, and drink There is an association between poor stockpersonship and... - Answer Reduced growth rate Pig stress levels Lower fertility What is the average gestation and litter size of sows? - Answer 115 days 12, with an average of 10 reared In some countries, as high as 16-17 Define natural behaviour - Answer Behaviour that is typically observed in the wild. It is adaptive in the evolutionary sense. Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. Define unnatural behaviour - Answer Behaviour not seen in the wild. Not all unnatural behaviours are abnormal, however, they may promote success in the captive environment. Define normal behaviour - Answer Normal behaviour will promote the success and survival of the individual and its genetic contribution to the population. Define abnormal behaviour - Answer Abnormal behaviour is rarely seen in wild populations and does not promote the success and survival of individuals or close relatives. It is not goal oriented. What is the difference between personality and temperament? - Answer Personality: the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character. It is unique to the individual but may change as the individual grows or develops. Individual to specific animal, ex. food preference, social preferences, etc. Animal Welfare Exam Questions with Verified Answers Best Rated A+ 2023\2024 Latest Update. Temperament: traits present in infant or early stages of development. Combination of characteristics of qualities that for an individual's distinct character. Influenced by genetics, ex. fearful, confident, etc.