Download Antianxiety Agents and Sleep Disorders: Types, Causes, Treatments, and Drug List and more Slides Pharmacy in PDF only on Docsity! Antianxiety Agents Anxiety State of uneasiness characterized by apprehension and worry about possible events Docsity.com Antianxiety Agents Two Types of Anxiety • Exogenous Response to external stresses • Endogenous Not related to external stresses, result of abnormality in cellular function in the CNS Docsity.com Antianxiety Agents • amoxapine • buspirone (BuSpar) • hydroxyzine (Vistaril), antihistamine • meprobamate (Miltown), C-IV • paroxetine (Paxil), SSRI Drug List Docsity.com Antianxiety Agents • propranolol (Inderal), beta blocker • trifluoperazine (Stelazine), antipsychotic • venlafaxine (Effexor) Drug List Docsity.com Antianxiety Agents Benzodiazepines, C-IV • alprazolam (Xanax) • chlordiazepoxide (Librium) • clorazepate (Tranxene) • diazepam (Valium) • lorazepam (Ativan) • oxazepam (Serax) Drug List Docsity.com propranolol (Inderal) • Beta blocker used to treat physical symptoms of anxiety • Not officially indicated for this use • Lowers heart rate which decreases nervousness due to stage fright or test anxiety Docsity.com buspirone (Buspar) • Selectively antagonizes serotonin receptors • Take with food • Report changes in the senses Docsity.com Dispensing Issues Buspirone (antidepressant/antianxiety) and bupropion (antidepressant) are look-alike/sound-alike drugs. Warning! Docsity.com Panic Disorders Pathophysiology • Result from a neurochemical defect • The brain stem is a pathway for sensory information • If there is a defect in the brain stem, stimuli can be excessively amplified and cause an overreaction Docsity.com Panic Disorders Treatment • Combination of antipanic medication and behavioral therapy • Psychotherapy is preferred treatment when symptoms cause significant discomfort or impairment • Antianxiety medications are indicated for short-term treatment Docsity.com Discussion What fraction of Americans 18 and older have a sleep disorder? Answer 1/3 Docsity.com Sleep Disorders Causes – Situational – Medical Docsity.com Sleep Disorders Causes – Situational – Medical – Psychiatric Docsity.com Sleep Disorders Causes – Situational – Medical – Psychiatric – Drug induced Docsity.com Sleep Disorders Stages of Sleep Stage 1 Somewhat aware of surroundings, but relaxed Stage 2 Unaware of surroundings, but can easily be awakened Stage 3 Deep sleep (REM sleep); dreams occur Docsity.com Sleep Disorders Narcolepsy • Involves recurring, inappropriate episodes of sleep during the daytime hours • No known cause • Occurs four times more in men than women Docsity.com Sleep Disorders Characteristic Symptoms 1. Patient feels sleepy during the daytime and then enters into REM sleep Docsity.com Sleep Disorders Characteristic Symptoms 1. Patient feels sleepy during the daytime and then enters into REM sleep 2. Patient experiences cataplexy with sudden emotions 3. Sleep paralysis 4. Very vivid hallucinations at the onset of sleep Docsity.com Sleep Disorders Treatment of Narcolepsy • Nondrug Therapy Lifestyle changes • Drug Therapy – Stimulants – Tricyclic antidepressants – SSRIs Docsity.com Sleep Disorders • Pharmacological Treatment Hypnotics • Nonpharmacological Treatment – Normalizing sleep schedule – Increases physical exercise – Discontinuing alcohol use as a sedative – Sleep only 7-8 hours/24 hr – Reducing caffeine and nicotine intake Docsity.com Sleep Agents Benzodiazepines, C-IV • alprazolam (Xanax) • chlordiazepoxide (Librium) • clorazepate (Tranxene) • diazepam (Valium) • estazolam (ProSom) • flurazepam (Dalmane) Drug List Docsity.com Sleep Agents Benzodiazepines, C-IV • lorazepam (Ativan) • oxazepam (Serax) • quazepam (Doral) • temazepam (Restoril) • triazolam (Halcion) Drug List Docsity.com Sleep Agents Barbiturates • amobarbital (Amytal), C-II • butabarbital (Butisol), C-III • secobarbital (Seconal), C-II Antihistamines • diphenhydramine (Benadryl) • hydroxyzine (Vistaril) Drug List Docsity.com
