Anxiety Disorders - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Psychology

Download Anxiety Disorders - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Anxiety Disorders Ch 6 Docsity.com Anxiety Disorders • Anxiety refers to an unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension – Neuroses is a former term that refers to a group of disorders involving unrealistic anxiety, assumed to be due to unconscious conflicts • Anxiety disorders reflect the clear presence of symptoms of anxiety – Anxiety is not specific to anxiety disorders – Comorbidity: A person may be diagnosed with more than one disorder • Distinguishing stress, fear, and anxiety – Stress is the perception of an external demand, or challenge Ch 6.1 Docsity.com No Threat Adaptive True Alarm False Alarm Maladaptive Real Threat Docsity.com Etiology “Disordered” or “Maladaptive” Experience of Anxiety or Fear “Normal” or “Adaptive” Experience of Anxiety or Fear Docsity.com Phobias • A phobia is a fear-mediated avoidance that is out of proportion to the object or situation – Phobias involve intense distress – Phobias are disruptive – Person recognizes that the fear is groundless Ch 6.2 Docsity.com Animal Type Natural Environment Type Blood-Injection Injury Type Situational Type Other  Four Major Subtypes Docsity.com Unusual Reaction Vasovagal Response to Blood Drop in Blood Pressure Fainting Runs in Families Onset Early Childhood  Blood-Injection Injury Type Docsity.com Fears of Specific Situations Planes, Transportation, Heights Response Similar to Panic Onset Early 20’s  Situational Type Docsity.com Fears Contracting Disease / Illness Illness Phobia Fear of Choking Avoid Swallowing Pills or Foods  Other Type Docsity.com  Facts and Statistics Occurs in 11% of Population Top Fears: Heights and Snakes  Females > Males (4:1 Ratio) Runs a Chronic Course Many Do Not Seek Treatment: WHY? Docsity.com  Causes Direct Traumatic Conditioning Observational Learning  Information and Language Having a Panic Attack (“False Alarm”)  Probably Some Evolutionary Basis Docsity.com Treating Phobias • Biological approach uses drugs to eliminate anxiety symptoms – Anxiolytic drugs such as the benzodiazepines (Valium) can reduce anxiety but are also addictive and give rise to withdrawal symptoms upon termination – MAO inhibitors such as phenelzine reduce the degradation of norepinephrine and serotonin • MAO inhibitors can have adverse side effects – Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) (fluoxetine) increase brain serotonin Ch 6.6b Docsity.com  Exposure and More Exposure  Structured and Consistent Confront Objects of Fear Extinguish Anxious Responding Disrupt Avoidance / Escape Blood-Injury /Injection Differs Exercises to Offset Fainting Docsity.com “ People with social phobia aren’t necessarily shy at all. They can be completely at ease with people most of the time, but in particular situations, they feel intense anxiety.” Docsity.com  Causes  Similar to Panic and Specific Phobia  Interaction of Biological Vulnerability Psychological Vulnerability Learning Experiences Can be Quite Disabling Docsity.com  Psychological Interventions  Similar to Panic and Specific Phobia Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches Rehearsal and Skills Training Cognitive Restructuring Docsity.com  Drug Treatments Antidepressants for Severe Anxiety SSRIs (e.g., Paxil) MAO Inhibitors Relapse is Common Docsity.com