AP Chemistry Cheat Sheet 2020 Chem Reference Sheet, Cheat Sheet of Chemistry

Download AP Chemistry Cheat Sheet 2020 Chem Reference Sheet and more Cheat Sheet Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! AP CHEMISTRY REFERENCE SHEET EQUATIONS Basic Density: € d = m V Kinetic energy: € KE = 1 2 mv 2 Einstein’s Eq’n: € E = mc 2 Atomic Structure Frequency of light: € ν = c λ Energy of photon: € E = hν or € E = hc λ De Broglie eq’n: € λ = h mv Uncertainty Principle: € Δx • mΔv ≥ h 4π Energy of Hydrogen e－ levels: € En = −2.18 ×10 −18 J 1 n2 ⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎞ ⎠ ⎟ Bonding Coulomb’s Law: € E = 2.31×10−19 J • nm Q1Q2 r ⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎞ ⎠ ⎟ Dipole moment: € µ = qr Gases, Liquids, & Solutions Ideal Gas Law: € PV = nRT Van der Waal’s Eq’n: € P + a n V ⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎞ ⎠ ⎟ 2⎡ ⎣ ⎢ ⎤ ⎦ ⎥ × V − nb[ ] = nRT Combined Gas Law: € P1V1 T1 = P2V2 T2 Dalton’s Law: € Ptot = P1 + P2 + P3 + ... Average Kinetic Energy: € KE avg = 3 2 RT Root Mean Square Velocity: € urms = 3RT M Effusion: € rate A rate B = MB MA Clausius-Clapeyron Equation: € ln Pvap = −ΔHvap RT + ln β € ln P2 P1 = −ΔHvap R 1 T2 − 1 T1 ⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎞ ⎠ ⎟ Solution dilution: € M1V1 =M2V2 Henry’s Law: € Sgas = kHPgas Raoult’s Law: € Psol'n = χsolvPsolv  FPD: € ΔTf = m × iK f BPE: € ΔTb = m × iKb Osmotic pressure: € Π =MRT Thermodynamics Internal energy: € ΔE = q + w Heat Capacity: € q = mCsΔT Pressure-Volume Work: € w = −PΔV Change in Enthalpy: € ΔH = ΔE + PΔV Entropy: € S = k ln W Change in Entropy of Surroundings: € ΔSsurr = −ΔHsys T Change in Gibb’s Free Energy: € ΔG = ΔH −TΔS Free Energy (nonstandard): € ΔGrxn = ΔGrxn  + RT ln Q Gibb’s Free Energy and K: € ΔGrxn  = −RT ln K Kinetics The Rate Law: € Rate = k A[ ]m B[ ]n Arrhenius Equation (linear): € lnk = − Ea R 1 T ⎛ ⎝ ⎜ ⎞ ⎠ ⎟ + lnA Integrated Rate Laws (0,1,2): € A[ ]t = −kt + A[ ]0 € ln A[ ]t = −kt + ln A[ ]0 € 1 A[ ]t = kt + 1 A[ ]0 Equilibrium Equilibrium Constant: € Keq = C[ ]c × D[ ]d A[ ]a × B[ ]b Acid Base Equilibrium: € pH = −log H3O +[ ] € pOH = −log OH−[ ] € Kw = H +[ ] OH−[ ] =1.0 ×10−14 € Ka = H+[ ] A−[ ] HA[ ] € Kb = HB+[ ] OH−[ ] B[ ]   Henderson-­‐Hasselbalch  Eq’n:     € pH = pKa + log base acid ⎡ ⎣ ⎢ ⎤ ⎦ ⎥ Electrochemistry   Nernst Eq’n: € Ecell = Ecell  − 0.0592 V n logQ € ΔG = −nFEcell  CONSTANTS 1 amu = 1.6605 × 10－27 kg Avogadro’s # (NA) = 6.02214 × 1023 mol－1 Bohr radius (a0) = 5.2918 × 10－11 m Bolzmann’s const. (k) = 1.3807 × 10-23 J/K Faraday’s const. (F) = 9.6485 × 104 C/mol Planck’s const. (h) = 6.6261 × 10－34 Js Gas const. (R) = 0.0821 (Latm)/(molK) = 8.3145 J/(molK) Electron charge (e) = 1.6022 × 10－19 C Mass of electron (me) = 9.1093826 × 10–31 kg Mass of proton (mp) = 1.67262171 × 10–27 kg Mass of neutron (mn) = 1.6749273 × 10–27 kg Speed of light (c) = 2.9979 × 108 m/s