2024 AP Psychology: Q&A on Treatments & Therapies - Overview of Psychological Approaches, Exams of Nursing

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AP Psychology Treatment and Therapy QUESTION & ANSWERS 2024 Active listening - Correct Answers ✅empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies; a feature of Roger's client- centered therapy Antidepressant Drugs - Correct Answers ✅biological treatment; typically used for depression but is often used for anxiety, OCD, GAD, panic disorder, social phobias, PTSD, and sometimes ADHD; 3 categories: tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, and SSRIs; SSRIs are more popular (Prozac, Zoloft, Effexor, Paxil) because they tend to have less side effects , SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin in the nervous system; MAOIs and trycyclics both concentrate on serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain but have a number of side effects and limitations (food reactions), MAOIs and trycyclics are now used in serious cases and not so much after the invention of Prozac Antipsychotic Drugs - Correct Answers ✅biological treatment option used to treat the severe psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia; effective for treating hallucinations; blocks dopamine receptors; Examples: thorazine, therazine, clozapine, Aversive Conditioning - Correct Answers ✅behavioral technique; designed to eliminate undesirable behaviors; a type of counterconditioning; associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol); controversial technique AP Psychology Treatment and Therapy QUESTION & ANSWERS 2024 Behavior Contracting - Correct Answers ✅behavioral technique; therapist and client both agree on goals and reinforcement when goals are reached; written contract; reinforces new behaviors and ignores/punishes undesirable behaviors; often used with adolescents and children Behavior Therapy - Correct Answers ✅Approach that is based on the belief that all behavior (normal and abnormal) is learned; therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors and to teach new, appropriate ways of behaving; includes systematic desensitization, flooding, modeling extinction, token economy, and behavior contracting; is often combined with Cognitive therapies and is known as CBT Biological Treatments - Correct Answers ✅treatment that focuses on organic or biological aspects; includes medication, ECT, psychosurgery; best used in conjunction with other forms of therapy because when the biological treatment ceases, typically the symptoms return Client-Centered Therapy (Person-Centered) - Correct Answers ✅a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers; therapist uses non- directive techniques such as active listening with a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth; uses bits and pieces of neo-Freudian views; calls for unconditional positive regard; goal is to help client become a fully-functioning person AP Psychology Treatment and Therapy QUESTION & ANSWERS 2024 Extinction - Correct Answers ✅used in Systematic Desensitization; when the undesired behavior stops Family Therapy - Correct Answers ✅therapy that treats the family as a system; views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relations and improved communication; seeks to change all family behaviors to benefit the entire unit Flooding - Correct Answers ✅behavioral technique; counterconditioning; an aggressive method of desensitization; exposure to anxiety-producing stimuli is great; short-term technique; example: someone who is afraid of spiders must immediately handle a tarantula, makes me think of the show "Fear Factor" Free Association - Correct Answers ✅Freudian technique; used in psychoanalysis; "stream of consciousness"; client talks about whatever topic comes to mind without editing, controlling, or inhibiting thoughts and fantasies; therapist acts as a "blank slate" Gestalt Therapy - Correct Answers ✅outgrowth of Fritz Perls work; insight therapy; emphasizes the wholeness of personality and attempts to reawaken people to their emotions and sensations; works in the here-and-now; encourages face-to-face confrontations (e.g. "How is AP Psychology Treatment and Therapy QUESTION & ANSWERS 2024 that working for you?"); therapist is active and directive; focuses on the whole person/client; uses empty chair technique Group Therapy - Correct Answers ✅psychotherapy where multiple people meet regularly to interact and help one another to achieve insight into their feelings and behavior; allows the therapist to see how the client interacts with others, offers a social support, and shows the client that s/he is not the only person with that problem; can be less expensive; includes family, couples, and self-help groups. Insight - Correct Answers ✅awareness of previously unconscious feelings and memories and how the this awareness influences present feelings and behaviors; working through childhood conflicts Insight Therapy - Correct Answers ✅psychotherapy designed to help an individual come to a better awareness and understanding of his/her feelings, motivations and actions; includes psychoanalysis, Gestalt, client-centered therapy. Interpretation - Correct Answers ✅in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight Lithium - Correct Answers ✅biological treatment; a chemical that provides an effective drug therapy for the mood swings of bipolar AP Psychology Treatment and Therapy QUESTION & ANSWERS 2024 (manic-depressive) disorders; naturally occurring salt; effective in 75% of bipolar cases; needs to be monitored closely for correct dosage treatment; do not know how lithium works exactly Modeling - Correct Answers ✅behavioral technique; process of learning a behavior by watching someone perform the behavior; helps relieve anxiety to watch someone else before the client tries (friend touches snake and lives, so can you...); very effective when combined with positive reinforcement (especially in helping people with schizophrenia); don't forget the sociocultural implications Primary Prevention - Correct Answers ✅techniques and programs designed to improve social environment so that new cases do not develop; includes family planning, genetic counseling, sex education, effects of drugs, etc.; key word here is prevention (education) Psychoanalysis - Correct Answers ✅Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique; designed to bring repressed feelings and thoughts to conscious awareness so the person can deal with these issues more effectively; uses free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences--and the therapist's interpretations of them--released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight Psychopharmacology - Correct Answers ✅the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior