AP Statistics Questions and answers AP Statistics Questions and answers, Exams of Statistics

Download AP Statistics Questions and answers AP Statistics Questions and answers and more Exams Statistics in PDF only on Docsity! AP Statistics Questions and answers Statistical Significance CORRECT ANSWERS✅ An observed effect too large to attribute plausibly to chance. Non-Response Bias CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Bias introduced to a sample when a large fraction of those sampled fails to respond. P-Value CORRECT ANSWERS✅ found by substituting the x-value in the regression equation; they're the values on the fitted line. Empirical Rule CORRECT ANSWERS✅ A statistical rule stating that for a normal distribution, almost all data will fall within three standard deviations of the mean. Lurking Variable CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a variable that is not explicitly part of a model but affects the way the variables in the model appear to be related Null Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS✅ The null hypothesis attempts to show that no variation exists between variables, or that a single variable is no different than zero. It is presumed to be true until statistical evidence nullifies it for an alternative hypothesis. AP Statistics Questions and answers Quota Sample CORRECT ANSWERS✅ A sampling method of gathering representative data from a group. As opposed to random sampling, quota sampling requires that representative individuals are chosen out of a specific subgroup. Probability CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Quantifiable likelihood (chance) of the occurrence of an event expressed as odds, or a fraction of 1. Descriptive Statistics CORRECT ANSWERS✅ The branch of statistics that includes numerical, graphical, and tabular methods for organizing and summarizing data Median CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the middle value with half of the data above and half below it Stemplot CORRECT ANSWERS✅ A table in which data values are divided into either a "leaf" or a "stem." In a stem and leaf plot, the stem values appear on the vertical axis and the leaf values are listed on the horizontal axis. Data CORRECT ANSWERS✅ systematically recorded information, whether numbers or labels, together with its context AP Statistics Questions and answers Matched Pairs CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a technique whereby each participant is identical to one other participant in terms of a third variable Conditional Probability CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the probability that an event will occur given that one or more other events have occurred Mode CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the most frequent value of a random variable Systematic Sample CORRECT ANSWERS✅ A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame Sample Space CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment Confounded Variable CORRECT ANSWERS✅ A variable whose effect on the response variable cannot be separated from the effect of the explanatory variable on the response variable. (Note: Usually confounded variables are lurking variables but only a few lurking variables are also confounded.) Experimental Probability CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Probability based on data from repeating an event (doing an experiment) AP Statistics Questions and answers Placebo Effect CORRECT ANSWERS✅ experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent Marginal Frequency CORRECT ANSWERS✅ A set of intervals, usually adjacent and of equal width, into which the range of a statistical distribution is divided, each associated with a frequency indicating the number of measurements in that interval. Parameter CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a constant in the equation of a curve that can be varied to yield a family of similar curves Voluntary Response Bias CORRECT ANSWERS✅ bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample Mean CORRECT ANSWERS✅ an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n Alternative Hypothesis CORRECT ANSWERS✅ The hypothesis that states there is a difference between two or more sets of data. AP Statistics Questions and answers Correlation CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the other Response Bias CORRECT ANSWERS✅ anything in the survey design that influences the responses from the sample Coefficient of Determination CORRECT ANSWERS✅ The statistic or number determined by squaring the correlation coefficient. Represents the amount of variance accounted for by that correlation. Random Sample CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a sample in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected Binomial CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a quantity expressed as a sum or difference of two terms Experiment CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation AP Statistics Questions and answers Degrees of Freedom CORRECT ANSWERS✅ The number of individual scores that can vary without changing the sample mean. Statistically written as 'N-1' where N represents the number of subjects. Dotplot CORRECT ANSWERS✅ A one dimensional plot of a quantitative data set where each value in the data set is represented by a dot above its corresponding location on the x axis. Two-way Table CORRECT ANSWERS✅ A table containing counts for two categorical variables. It has r rows and c columns. Geometric CORRECT ANSWERS✅ characterized by simple geometric forms in design and decoration Inferential Statistics CORRECT ANSWERS✅ numerical methods used to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance Spread CORRECT ANSWERS✅ become distributed or widespread AP Statistics Questions and answers Discrete Random Variable CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a random variable that may assume either a finite number of values or an infinite sequence of values Population CORRECT ANSWERS✅ (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn Sample CORRECT ANSWERS✅ items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population Central Limit Theorem CORRECT ANSWERS✅ The theory that, as sample size increases, the distribution of sample means of size n, randomly selected, approaches a normal distribution. Standard Deviation CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score Cluster Sample CORRECT ANSWERS✅ population is split into parts or clusters usually based on geography and then entire clusters are selected randomly and sampled AP Statistics Questions and answers Type I Error CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Stating that the null hypothesis is false when it is in fact true. Standardized Value CORRECT ANSWERS✅ value found by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation Boxplot CORRECT ANSWERS✅ displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values Mutually Exclusive CORRECT ANSWERS✅ necessitating a choice between mutually exclusive possibilities Scatterplot CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables Stratified Sample CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the population is divided into strata and a random sample is taken from each stratum Quantitive CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Provides data and answers questions about relationships among measured variables. Also called traditional experimental approach.