Application of Animal Nutrition - Exam 5 Practice Questions | ANSI 3653, Exams of Zoology

Download Application of Animal Nutrition - Exam 5 Practice Questions | ANSI 3653 and more Exams Zoology in PDF only on Docsity! Name ______________________________________ Lab Sec.________ AnSi 3653 Spring 2007 Exam 5 Swine Section (1 point each unless specified) __________________ 1. In the formulation of rations for swine, rations are formulated on a “Dry Matter” or “As-fed” basis? Fill in the appropriate answer. __________________ 2. In lab, we formulated the diets for the various classes of swine on a Crude Protein or Lysine basis? 3. Typically, only four essential amino acids are of concern when formujlating swine diets. CIRCLE the four essential amino acids that are of major concern in most swine diets. (4 points) Phenylalanine Isoleucine Valine Methionine Threonine Arginine Tryptophan Leucine Histidine Lysine __________________ 4. The energy term used in the formulation of swine diets? (1 point) __________________ 5. The mineral that is most likely deficient in most swine due due to extremely low levels in most cereal grains. 6. Rank (with 1 being highest and 3 being lowest) the energy feeding value for swine of the following important cereal grains used in swine diets. Milo ________ Corn ________ Wheat ________ 7. Two different kinds of soybean meal, solvent (44% CP and 48% CP) are used extensively in the swine industry. For the diets listed below, CIRCLE the correct source of soybean meal, solvent to be used in the diet. (3 points) Gestation Sow Soy 44% CP Soy 48% CP Lactation Sow Soy 44% CP Soy 48% CP Boar Soy 44% CP Soy 48% CP Nursery (Starter) Soy 44% CP Soy 48% CP Grower Soy 44% CP Soy 48% CP Finisher Soy 44% CP Soy 48% CP __________________ 8. Gossypol is a yellow pigment that is toxic to non-ruminants, especially swine. What protein source contains gossypol? __________________ 9. The fat source used in the swine lab rations. 10. CIRCLE the principal reason for the use of fat in a swine diet is: A. Control dust in diets B. Serve as a lubricate for machinery C. Increase the energy value of the ration D. Added vitamins and minerals ________________ 11. The proper calcium : phosphorus ratio for swine diets. ________________ 12. Hogs fed in confinement may suffer from nutritional anemia. As a result, baby pigs are given injections at 1-3 days of age with supplemental ________? 13. Nursery rations are fortified with two trace minerals that are used for growth promotion and chemo-therapeutic effects. Name these two trace minerals. (2 points) _______________ 14. Gestating sows are fed a diet formulated to meet their nutrient requirements and to maintain a specific body condition score. How many pounds of the gestation diet are commonly fed to gestating sows on a daily basis? Horse Section (1 point each unless specified) __________________ 1. Horses are animals of flight; therefore, the digestive tract is designed to handle small amounts of food with consumption of food as a CONTINUOUS FEEDER or MEAL FEEDER? __________________ 2. The digesta in the stomach of the horse is MIXED or LAYERED? T F 3. Horses have a rather well developed cecum that contains a bacterial population that aid in the synthesis of essential amino acids. Since the synthesis of the essential amino acids by the bacterial population in the cecum occurs behind the small intestine, the site of amino acid absorption, the essential amino acids are of no nutritional value to the horse. _________________ 4. A digestive problem associated with damage to the ileocecal junction or pelvic flexture caused by the ingestion of poor quality forages in conjunction with low water intake or may be due to internal parasite infestation. __________________ 5. A digestive disorder characterized by gas production in the cecum due to excessive starch fermentation in the cecum caused by irregular feeding high concentrate rations. 6. There are two greatly different feeding strategies for horses depending upon their intended use. The traditional feeding strategy is very practical, safe and is intended for horses in which early growth is not a major consideration, such as in pleasure horses and ranch horses. What is the expected % of mature weight at yearling (12 months of age) for the traditional method of feeding? A. 30% B. 40% C. 50% D. 60% E. 70% 7. The modern or progressive feeding strategy is not as safe and requires excellent feeding management. This feeding strategy is designed for horses that require early growth, such as racing or show purposes. What is the expected % of mature weight at yearling (12 months of age) for the modern method of feeding? A. 45% B. 55% C. 65% D. 75% E. 85% 8. In lab and on your lab exam, you designed a feeding program to mange young horses that require increased nutrients above published nutrient requirements to support enhanced growth required for competition. This feeding strategy is called _____________________________________. _________________ 9. Energy term used in the feeding management of the horse? __________________10. Body condition of the mare at foaling can greatly influence reproductive performance. Since we use a foal heat to breed mares, it is recommended that the mares be in what minimum body condition score at breeding to insure a high conception rate. 11. During late gestation the energy requirement of the mare increases substantially. During the 9th month of gestation, the energy requirement of the mare is ________ % higher than maintenance, while during the 11th month of gestation, the energy requirement of the mare is _________ % higher than maintenance. (2 points) 12. During early lactation (foaling to three months of lactation), the mare will typically produce ________ % of her body weight in milk per day. 13. During early lactation, the energy requirement of the mare is _________ times higher than the mare’s maintenance requirement. 14. Energy expenditure is a function of mass over distance regardless of speed. The level of work is characterized as light, medium and intense. Indicate the % increase in the level of energy above maintenance required for each of the levels of work listed below. (3 points) % Increase Light Work (Western pleasure, English pleasure, Trail) ______________ Moderate Work (Ranch, Roping, Cutting, Barrels, Jumping) ______________ Intensive Work (Racing, Polo) ______________ ________________ 15. There is aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism in the exercising horse. Which type of metabolism generates 9X more energy per gram of muscle glycogen? T F 16. During racing, quarter horses and thoroughbreds rely on fat as the primary source of energy for muscle contraction. ________________ 17. Muscle glycogen is depleted more rapidly via aerobic or anaerobic metabolism? T F 18. During early lactation, the protein requirement of the mare is two times higher than the mare’s maintenance requirement. 19. The protein requirement of the working horse is approximately ________ % higher than maintenance. T F 20. Calcium-phosphorus recommendations for horse rations suggest that since all horses are forage consumers and forages are good sources of calcium and poor sources of phosphorus, the concentrate mix should contain a higher percentage of phosphorus than calcium in order to maintain a proper calcium : phosphorus ratio. ________________ 21. The recommended calcium:phosphorus ratio for foal and weanling? T F 22. Because mineral balance is so important in the horse, a cafeteria style feeding program that will allow individual consumption of each mineral by the horse is not recommended. T F 23. Vitamin supplementation is critical in the horse. Therefore, proper supplementation must be exercised to prevent death due to vitamin deficiency in the horse. ________________ 24. The vitamin that is supplemented to race horses for an antioxidant and is associated with cramping or “tying-up” in horses engaged in intensive training. ________________ 25. The minimum recommended level of crude fiber in equine concentrate rations. T F 26. Endophyte infested fescue should be avoided during late gestation due to potential late gestation abortions and decreasing or failing milk production in foaling mares. T F 27. Horses are typically fed a minimum of 1.0% of their body weight in long stem forage each day for nutritional, physiological and behavior reasons. 8. A ewe's protein and energy requirements are highest during which stage of her production cycle. (1 point) a. Maintenance b. Early gestation c. Late gestation d. Lactation 9. The Sheep Industry Council has developed a body condition scoring system to assess the nutritional status of ewes. The scoring system is based upon the amount of fat cover down the backbone and over the ribs and can be easily determined by "handling" (feeling the backbone and ribs). The scoring system is based upon: (1 point) a. A numerical system from 1 (thin) to 5 (fat) b. A numerical system from 5 (thin) to 1 (fat) c. A numerical system from 1 (thin) to 9 (fat) d. A numerical system from 9 (thin) to 1 (fat) 10. At mating, the ideal body condition of a ewe in proper nutritional status for this period of her productive cycle is: (2 points) a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6 f. 7 11. At lambing, the ideal body condition of a ewe in proper nutritional status for this period of her productive cycle is: (2 points) a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6 f. 7 12. The last 4 – 6 weeks of gestation are critical in ewe nutrition. Answer the following True / False statements concerning gestation in the ewe. (1 point each) T F a. Nutritional requirements of ewes in this period of production are based upon either 130-150% lambing rate or 180-225% lambing rate in order to adjust nutrient demand for multiple births T F b. Nutritional requirements for late gestation ewes carrying singles suggest an increase in total feed of 75% over maintenance T F c. Nutritional requirements for late gestation ewes carrying twins suggest an increase in total feed of 100% over maintenance 13. The feeding of ewes is relatively simple. Spring lambing ewes grazing bermuda grass pastures are typically fed similar levels of concentrate whether they are in the late gestation period on dormant Bermuda grass pasture or in early lactation on vegetative, immature Bermuda grass pasture. What is this level of concentrate feeding? (2 points) a. 1 – 2.5 lbs. per day b. 3 – 4.5 lbs. per day c. 5 – 6.5 lbs. per day d. 7 – 8.5 lbs. per day 14. Because of multiple births, potential for orphans, mis-mothered lambs and other problems, the necessity to care for newborn lambs is very critical. Answer the following True / False statements concerning early lamb management. (1 point each) T F a. Ideally, lambs should nurse and receive needed colostrum within the first hour of birth. T F b. Absorption of the antibodies diminishes at 36-48 hours of life. T F b. The decision to switch lambs to a milk replacer diet should be made as soon after birth as possible. The sooner they are removed from their dam, the easier they are to be trained to nurse a nipple. T F c. Warm milk is superior to cold milk when starting lambs on milk replacer because the lambs will be more apt to consume the milk; however, it must be hand fed to reduce the tendency of the milk to sour rapidly. T F d. Cold milk is superior to warm milk in self feeding situations because the lambs will consume only small amounts at each nursing, but will nurse more often; thus, decreasing potential for digestive upsets 15. Creep feeding lambs is an essential part of early lamb nutrition. What is the proper crude protein level for creep rations being fed to lambs less than 50 lbs. of body weight? (1 point) a. 12% CP b. 14% CP c. 16% CP d. 18% CP 16. Creep feeding lambs is an essential part of early lamb nutrition. What is the proper crude protein level for creep rations being fed to lambs greater than 50 lbs. of body weight? (1 point) a. 12% CP b. 14% CP c. 16% CP d. 18% CP 17. Generally, the only vitamin that may be deficient in diets of young lambs may cause a nutritional muscular dystrophy condition called white muscle disease. The vitamin deficiency resulting in this condition is? (2 points) 18. Finishing market lambs in drylot situations on high concentrate rations is a common practice. Answer the following True / False statements concerning finishing lambs. (1 point each) T F a. The nutrient requirements for finishing lambs are based upon sex of lamb, body weight and frame size to take into consideration the vast differences in nutrient requirements due to gender and different breeds of sheep. T F b. The nutrient requirement tables for finishing lambs used in lab shown the requirements for net energy maintenance and gain as well as protein requirements. As demonstrated in lab, a lamb will grow to the level that will be supported by the most limiting nutrient between energy and protein. T F b. Diet changes in feeder lamb rations normally occur only 2-3 times during the finishing period with stepwise increases in concentrate and decreases in roughage to adjust the rumen microflora from largely cellulose digesting organisms to starch digesting organisms. T F c. Ammonium chloride is included in all finishing rations at a level of 0.5% of the ration to aid in the prevention of urinary calculi, a metabolic disorder common to male sheep that results in difficult urination T F d. The ideal Calcium : Phosphorus ratio in lamb finishing rations to aid in the prevention of urinary calculi is 2:1.