Architectural Plans : Building Technology 3, Assignments of Interior Design

Download Architectural Plans : Building Technology 3 and more Assignments Interior Design in PDF only on Docsity! WHAT IS FOUNDATION PLAN? • A foundation is the lowest part of a structure, sandwiched between the building and the ground. Its goal is to distribute the load from the house to the soil. It is imperative that it can withstand the weight of the building. • Usually, foundations are built with poured concrete or masonry such as brick or concrete block. In some cases, foundations are created with piers or treated wood posts. These either rest on concrete or rock pads or are driven deep into the soil. Piers and posts are often used where the land is prone to flooding, or when one is building on or near a water body. • A plane view of a building, or a top view of the foundation walls, is provided by the foundation plan drawing. It exhibits: - Geographical region - Beams, columns, apertures, and girders - External and internal dimensions • The construction team usually uses foundation plans. As their name implies, they entail creating a foundation plan for the project. • A highly specialized task, foundation plan creation is. It usually entails a thorough investigation of both the foundation's components and the ground beneath it, which is carried out by a structural engineer. FOUNDATION PLAN EXAMPLES WHAT IS BEAM FRAMING PLAN? • A beam framing plan in architecture is a graphical representation that outlines the arrangement and layout of structural beams within a building or structure. This plan provides essential information to contractors and builders about the positions, sizes, spans, and connections of beams used to support the load of the building and distribute it to the foundation or load-bearing walls. Key components of a beam framing plan include: • Beam Layout: The plan clearly illustrates where each floor of the building's beams is located and how they are aligned. The structural loads are better supported and distributed thanks to this architecture. • Beam Sizes and Types: The plan details the different locations' designated beam sizes and types. Depending on the anticipated loads and spans, different areas of the building may require different beam sizes. • Locations of Columns: The plan shows the positions of the columns or other vertical supports on which the beams are supported. To move the loads from the beams to the foundation, this is essential. • Connections: The plan frequently includes information on the connections between the beams and the columns or other beams. Maintaining the building's structural integrity requires proper connections. • Elevations: The plan may include views that depict the vertical arrangement of beams on various building levels. • Dimensions, Labels, and Notes: The design include labels, notes, and dimensions that give contractors more details about the construction's requirements and specifications. • Load Information: Information on the loads that the beams are expected to support, such as live loads (the weights of people and furniture) and dead loads (the weights of structural parts), may be included in the plan. Construction workers utilize it to guarantee that the structural framework is built precisely, safely, and in accordance with the design intent. It is a crucial component of the construction paperwork. For the building to be stable and last a long time, proper beam placement and framing are crucial. WHAT IS ZOCALO? • In architecture, the term "zocalo" refers to a type of architectural feature, typically a socle or pedestal-like base that supports a building or a statue. The word "zócalo" itself is of Spanish origin and translates to "base" or "pedestal." It's commonly used to describe the lower part of a building's façade, often made of stone or another durable material, which serves as a transition between the ground level and the rest of the structure. • Zócalos can be found in various architectural styles and periods around the world. They can serve both functional and decorative purposes. Functionally, zócalos can help protect the building's lower parts from moisture, wear, and other environmental factors. Decoratively, they can feature intricate designs, carvings, or reliefs that add aesthetic value to the building. • Zócalos can be made from a variety of materials: stone, brick, concrete, terracotta, metal, and wood. • One famous example of a zócalo is the Zócalo in Mexico City, which is the main square and historic center of the city. It features important government buildings, the Metropolitan Cathedral, and the National Palace, all of which showcase various architectural elements, including zócalos. ZOCALO EXAMPLE WHAT IS A COLUMN FOOTING DETAILS IN A FOUNDATION PLAN? • A column footing is an essential component of a building's foundation system, particularly in structures with columns or pillars that need to distribute the load from above to the underlying soil or bedrock. A column footing is a horizontal structural element that spreads the load of the column and the superstructure it supports over a larger area of soil. This helps prevent excessive settlement and ensures stability. In a foundation plan, the column footing details typically include: • Dimensions and Form: The plan specifies the size and form of the column footing. This pertains to the footing's breadth, length, and thickness. Even though the shape is flexible, typical footing shapes include square, rectangular, and circular ones. • Reinforcement Details: The layout and arrangement of the reinforcing bars (rebar) within the footing should be included in the plan. Rebar gives concrete tensile strength and aids in preventing structural failure and cracking. • Clear Cover: The clear cover is the space between the concrete's exterior surface and the rebar's outer surface. To safeguard the rebar from corrosion and the elements, it's crucial to maintain a sufficient transparent cover. • Concrete Mix Design: It is important to specify the kind of concrete mix that will be used for the footing. When choosing the right mix, durability and strength of the concrete are crucial considerations. • Embedment Depth: This refers to how far the footing is buried beneath the surface of the ground. It guarantees that the footing will have enough load- bearing capability when it reaches a stable soil layer. • Load Distribution: The plan should outline the placement of the columns on the footings as well as how the loads from the columns are transferred to the footing. This is essential to ensuring that the footing can handle the vertical loads effectively. • Location of Footings: The foundation plan will show the footing locations for each column in relation to the building's overall design. This aids in the precise placement of footings during construction. • Construction Joints: Construction joints may be required if the footing is too large to be poured in a single pour. These are the predetermined locations where concrete placement will end and begin again. In the strategy, their locations should be mentioned. • Leveling and Grading Details: The plan might outline the leveling and grading that must be done to the excavation before the footing is set. • Materials: The plan should include details regarding the sort of materials to be used for the footing, such as the strength and grade of the concrete. • References: To connect with other plans and construction documents, the foundation plan should be clear and identified with references. These details help ensure that the column footings are constructed correctly, providing a solid and stable foundation for the building's structural elements. It's important to follow these details to maintain the structural integrity and safety of the entire structure. COLUMN FOOTING DETAILS IN A FOUNDATION PLAN EXAMPLE