Architecture Reviewer, Study notes of History of Architecture

Download Architecture Reviewer and more Study notes History of Architecture in PDF only on Docsity! HOA - REVIEWER FINALS Greek Architecture Greece and its many islands are located… - in the Mediterranean Sea TheMinoan civilization flourished on the island of … - Crete Which wall type is an ancient Greek construction technique? - Cyclopeanmasonry What is the name of the long and deep passageway leading towards the circular chamber of royal Mycenaean tombs? - Dromos The citadel of Mycenae is famous for its main gate, known as the… - Gate of Lions Characterized by a fluted column having no base, a plain cushion-shaped capital supporting a square abacus, and an entablature consisting of a plain architrave, a frieze of triglyphs andmetopes, and a cornice, the corona of which has mutules on its sot. - Doric order Fortified high area or a citadel of an ancient Greek city. Literally meaning "City on the height" - Acropolis Characterized esp. by the spiral volutes of its capital. The fluted columns typically hadmolded bases and supported entablature consisting of an architrave of three fascias, a richly ornamented frieze, and a cornice corbeled out on egg-and-dart and dentil moldings. - Ionic order The Corinthian Order has a taenia and triglyphs - False Developed by the Greeks in the 4th century B.C. but used more extensively in Roman architecture, similar in most respects to the Ionic but usually od slenderer proportions and characterized esp. by a deep-bell shaped capital decorated with acanthus leaves and an abacus with concave sides. - Corinthian order One of a series of small, droplike ornaments, attached to the undersides of the mutules and regulae of a Doric entablature. - Gutta One of the vertical blocks separating the metopes in a Doric frieze, typically having two vertical grooves or glyphs on its face, and two chamfers or hemiglyphs at the sides. - Triglyph A raised band or fillet separating the frieze from the architrave on a Doric entablature. - Taenia The flat slab forming the top of a column capital, plain in the Doric style, but molded or otherwise enriched in other styles. - Abacus Any of the panels, either plain or decorated, between triglyphs in the Doric frieze. - Metope A fillet beneath the taenia in a Doric entablature, corresponding to a triglyph above and fromwhich guttae are suspended. Also called guttae band. - Regula The prominent circular molding supporting the abacus of a Doric or Tuscan capital. - Echinus The upper part of a column, just above the shaft and below the projecting part of the capital, when dierentiated by a molding. Groove, or the omission of fluting. - Necking A decorative motif consisting of a series of long, rounded, parallel grooves, as on the shaft of a classical column. - Fluting an encircling band, molding, or fillet, on a capital or shaft of a column. - Annulet a slight convexity given to a column to correct an optical illusion of concavity of the sides were straight. - Entasis any of several cylindrical stones laid one above the other to form a column or pier. - Drum an ornamental motif for enriching an ovolo or echinus, consisting of a closely set, alternating series of oval and pointed forms. Also called egg and tongue. - Egg and Dart - What do you call the usually square slab beneath the base of a column, pier, or pedestal of a greek or roman structure? - Plinth Multipurpose, centrally located open area in ancient Roman cities that was surrounded by public buildings and colonnades and that served as a public gathering place. It was an orderly spatial adaptation of the Greek agora, or marketplace, and acropolis. - Forum The awning used in Roman theaters and amphitheaters which protected the audience from the sun. - Velarium Who operates the Velarium? - Roman Navy A passage situated below or behind a tier of seats in an amphitheater or a stadium, through which big crowds can exit rapidly at the end of a performance. They can also be pathways for actors to enter and leave stage. In ancient Roman architecture, _____________ were designed to provide rapid egress for large crowds at amphitheatres and stadiums, as they do in modern sports stadiums and large theatres. - Vomitorium Identify the structure that was constructed to commemorate the Emperor or members of the Royal Family and victories of the Roman Republic/Empire. - Triumphal Arc Identify this element of the Roman Republican house which was used to catch the rain water from the roof, which then ran into a vaulted underground water cistern. - Impluvium The Insula is a type of domestic structure in _____________ architecture. - Roman The placing of one order of columns above another usually with the more elaborate orders at the top. - Supercolumnation a room containing a bath or moderately warmwater in an ancient Roman thermae, located between the frigidarium and the caldarium. Also known as warm room - Tepidarium Typical Roman building material in Roman architecture composed of sand, water, lime and pozzolana. - Concrete True or False: Roman Temples have a crepidoma - False the base is called podium Roman Houses: Type of house occupied by the upper classes and some wealthy freedmen in the city - Domus Roman Houses: Type of house occupied by the upper classes and some wealthy freedmen in the countryside - Villa The ________________ experimented with a range of columns including the Ionic but by the 5th century BCE, they developed the Tuscan column. This is a wooden column similar to the doric but it has a base inspired by Ionic columns. - Ethruscans Parts of a Domus: A small room, especially a bedroom, typically those small rooms found on the upper floor of a Roman house. - Cubiculum Comparative Method: Composite Column - Roman Comparative Method: Freestanding D-shaped theater - Roman semi-circular or wagon-headed vault, borne on two parallel walls throughout its length - Barrel- or tunnel- vault Vault formed by the intersection of two semi-circular vaults of equal span - Cross-vault A temple dedicated to all gods of the people. the most preserved and influential building of ancient Rome. It is a Roman temple dedicated to all the gods of pagan Rome. As the brick stamps on the side of the building reveal it was built and dedicated between A.D 118 and 125. Largest dome of the ancient world. - Pantheon Structure were built to transfer water from surrounding countryside of to the towns and will end to the town Lacus. Man-made conduit for carrying water. In a restricted sense, ______________ are structures used to conduct a water stream across a hollow or valley. - Aqueducts A large Roman public building where business or legal matters could be transacted. It served as both a market and a law court, and always followed the same pattern: a broad, roofed area was divided into several aisles by rows of columns; the central area was taller than the side aisles and had large windows in its clerestory. - Basilica Roman residential building, a kind of apartment building that housed most of the urban citizen population of ancient Rome, including ordinary people of lower- or middle-class status (the plebians) and all but the wealthiest from the upper-middle class (the equites) - Insula The center of a Roman city. Usually located near the physical center of a Roman town, it served as a public area in which commercial, religious, economic, political, legal, and social activities occurred. Fora were common in all Roman cities, but none were as grand as the fora of Rome itself. - Forum A roman public bath was built around three principal rooms: the caldarium (hot bath), the tepidarium (warm bath) and the frigidarium (cold bath). Some _________ also featured steam baths: the sudatorium, a moist steam bath, and the laconicum, a dry steam bathmuch like a modern sauna. - Thermae Roman type of house occupied by the upper classes and some wealthy freedmen during the Republican and Imperial eras. The elite classes of Roman society constructed their residences with elaborate marble decorations, inlaid marble paneling, doorjambs and columns as well as expensive paintings and frescoes. This type of Roman house is located in cities. - Domus The oculus of Parthenon symbolizes?? - The question is not applicable because the Parthenon dont have oculus What is the main purpose of the coer ceiling of Pantheon - to lessen the stress load of the dome amount of gold in each of its attractions and because of this, the structure is often called the Church of Gold. - St. Mark’s Basilica an early Christian church, characterized by a long, rectangular plan, a high colonnade nave lit by a clerestory and covered by a timbered gable roof, two or four lower side aisles, a semicircular apse, at the end, a narthex and often other features, as an atrium, a bema, and small semicircular apses terminating the aisles. - BAsilica A square plan in which the nave, chancel, and transept are of equal length forming __________, the crossing generally surmounted by a dome became the common form in the Orthodox Church with many churches throughout Eastern Europe and Russia being built this way - Greek Cross Originally commissioned in 327 by Constantine the Great and his mother Helena on the site that was traditionally considered to be located over the cave marking the birthplace of Jesus - Church of the Nativity the forecourt of an early Christian church. Flanked or surrounded by porticoes. - Atrium A screen or partition on which icons are placed separating the bema from the nave of an eastern church. - Iconostasis The Roman Empire was split again in 395 AD upon the death of Theodosius I. The empire was divided into east and west between Arcadius and Honorius. What is the capital of the East Roman Empire. - Constantinople Special feature of Italian architecture and represents a period of Christianity where the baptismal font is of special importance, therefore large and separate building is needed. What is this building? - Baptistery any of the longitudinal divisions of a church, separated from the nave by a row of columns or piers. - Aisle An arched cell in a Roman catacomb. - Arcisolium Symbol used by the Roman Emperor Constantine I as a vexilium. Interpreted as a promise of victory if this sign was painted on the soldiers' shields. - Chi-rho Former church that was converted into a mosque in 1435 and then into a museum in 1935. Originally built as part of the newly founded Constantinople for the Emperor Constantine in 326. Rebuilt by Emperor Justinian in 537. Greek for “Holy Wisdom” - Hagia Sophia A large apsidal extension of the interior volume of a church. - Exedra the principal part of a church, extending from the narthex to the choir or chancel and usually flanked by aisles. - Nave An ornament canopy of stone or marble permanently placed over the altar in a church. Form of canopy supported by columns over the holy table. - Ciborium Picture or decorative pattern made by inlaying small, colored pieces of tile, enamel or glass placed in mortar. - Mosaic a representation of a sacred Christian personage, as Christ or a saint or angel, typically painted on a wood surface and itself venerated as being sacred, esp. un the tradition of the Eastern church. - Icons