ARRT Practice Questions ARRT Practice Questions, Exams of Medicine

Download ARRT Practice Questions ARRT Practice Questions and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity! ARRT Practice Questions What radiographic procedure must you use sterile gloves for touching items on the tray? -           Myelogram Written defamation of character is known as? -           Libel Which drug would you administer when a patient develops urticaria? -           Antihistamine What is another name for hives? -           Urticaria A skin rash triggered by a reaction to food, medicine, or other irritants. -           Hive Or Urticaria Transmission of an infection by insects such as a tick or mosquito is known as a? -           Vector When an object is free of all microorganisms it is termed? -           Sterile Why is the IV bag 18 to 20 inches above the level of the vein? -           To prevent the backflow of blood into the tubing which forms a clot and obstructs the flow of the IV fluid An inanimate object that is been in contact with an infectious organism is a? -           Fomite a specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person. -           Contraindication The main advantage of using non-ionic water-soluble contrast media on the patient would be? -           Fewer adverse reactions What type of radiographic procedure requires an intrathecal injection? -           Myelogram ______ is a route of administration for drugs via an injection into the spinal canal -           intrathecal Which gauge size has the biggest lumen? -           The smallest number gauge has the biggest lumen If the CR is angled 40° Cephalic what projection of the calcareous so calcis are you taking? -           Plantodorsal Projection In the thoracic cavity each lung is enclosed in a? -           Pleura Which projection of the foot will best demonstrate the long arch? -           Lateralmedial erect or weight-bearing In the AP axial projection Townes of the skull with the CR directed 30° caudal to the OML and passing midway between the EAM which structures best demonstrated? -           Occipital Bone not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans. objects like stones showing no sign of life; lifeless. -           inanimate An imaging examination that involves the introduction of a spinal needle into the spinal canal and the injection of contrast material in the space around the spinal cord and nerve roots (the subarachnoid space) using a real-time form of x-ray called fluoroscopy. -           Myelogram The best way to control voluntary motion is? -           Careful explanation of the procedure to the patient What is demonstrated on the oblique position of the cervical spine? -           Intervertebral foramina In relation to the Esophagus the trachea is located where? -           The trachea is anterior in relation to the esophagus Which position will demonstrate the right axillary ribs? -           RPO Or LAO The manubrial notch is located at the level of? -           T2-t3 interspace What should you use if you have to restrain a child or infant in order to perform a procedure? -           Restraining them with the use of a mechanical device if you cannot use a mechanical device have the patients father hold the child According to the NCRP the annual occupational full body does equipment limit is? -           5 rem 50 mSv 5000mrem How will the x-ray photons intensity be affected if the SID is doubled? -           The intensity of the beam will decrease four times this is known as the inverse square law If the patient received 2000 MRAD during a 10 minute fluoro exam how much exposure will the patient recieve in five-minutes? -           1000 Mrad which is half of what they received in 10 minutes The photo electric effect is an interaction between x-ray photons and... -           And inner shell electron What is recommended for the pregnant radiographer to use as far as the dosimeter badge? -           Wear one dosimeter badge outside the lead apron at the collar level and one dosimeter badge inside the lead apron at the level of the waist so A total of two badges are worn and these badges position should never be interchanged What is likely to occur if 25 Rad is delivered to fetus in early pregnancy? -           Spontaneous abortion will occur if 25 rad were to be delivered to fetus during the second through the 10th week skeletal abnormalities may appear How does filtration affect the primary beam? -           It increases the average energy of the primary beam by filtering out the low-energy photons The unit of measurement used to express occupational exposure is the? -           REM (seivert) The unit of absorbed dose is? -           Rad (gray) Biologic material is most sensitive to irradiation under which condition? -           Oxygenated The reduction in the intensity of the x-ray beam as it passes through a material is termed? -           Attenuation The largest amount of diagnostic x-ray absorption occurs in which tissue? -           Bone since it is the most dense tissue The effects of radiation on biological material are dependent on several factors. If a quantity of radiation is delivered to a body over a long period of time the fact will be? -           The effect will be less than if it were delivered all at one time for a short period of time What interaction contributes most to occupational exposure? -           Compton Scatter What factors affect both the quality and the quantity of the primary been? -           Half value layer (hvl) KV The unit of exposure in air is? -           Roentgen (C/kg) How often should lead aprons and lead gloves be check for cracks? -           Annually or once a year by the fluoroscope Which radiation monitors function on the basis of stimulated luminescence? -           0SL and TLD What is the single most important scattering object in both radiography in Fluoroscopy? -           The patient A group of exposure factors are given which one will deliver the least amount of exposure? -           Highest KVp with lowest mass will give the least or safest amount The purpose of filters in a film badge is? -           To measure radiation quality Compton scatter occurs when a high-energy incident electron ejects what? -           An outer shell electron When a fast screen film system is used with the slow screen film automatic system the resulting images are? -           Too dark or overexposed A change to 3 phase and 6 pulse = ____ (original mAs) -           2/3 A change to 3 phase and 12 pulse = ____ (original mAs) -           1/2 What does a penetimeter evaluate? -           Penumbra Edge blur -           Penumbra Field of view (FoV)/ matrix = -           Pixel Size As matrix size increases pixel size -           Decreases mAs controls -           Density KVP controls -           Contrast Windowing -           Changing image brightness Contrast Scale A star pattern tests what? -           Focal spot size In three phase equipment half of the expected arc is a sign of? -           Rectifier failure For three-phase equipment a synchronous spinning top test is used to check? -           Rectifier function and test timer accuracy In a three phase equipment full-wave rectified current should have a____degree arc per second -           360 A gentle curve usually has___speed,____contrast, and___latitude. -           Slow Low Wide Hypovolemic -           Shock caused by lack of blood The conversion of the latent image into a manifested image takes place in the? - As mas is decreased density_____in the same amount -           Decreases What directly controls the energy or quality of the x-rays produced? -           Kvp As KVP _____, a greater potential difference exists between the cathode in the anode -           Increases As the_____ __________increases, the electrons from the cathode strike the anode in greater numbers and with greater energy -           Potential difference As a Kvp increases a greater potential difference excists which results in an increase level of production of___wavelength and high-energy radiation -           Short KVP's affect on density is governed by what? -           15% rule A increases in KVp of 15% ___ density -           Doubles A decrease in KVp by 15% _____ density -           1/2s Intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source of x-rays and the image receptor -           Inverse square law Intensity is measured in -           Roentgens Or coulombs/kilogram (SI) Radiographic density is a function of what? -           Beam intensity Beam intensity is governed by the? -           Inverse square law The inverse square law describes changes in____ ______ -           Beam intensity (and radiographic density which is a function of being intensity) If the SID is doubled intensity (density).... -           Decreases four times If distance is halved, intensity (density) ... -           Increase four times Variations in intensity is the result of the____of the x-ray beam as it travels through space -           Divergence Different atomic number Same numbers of neutrons -           Isotones Same element Same atomic number Different mass -           Isotope Different atomic number Same mass -           Isobar During the first part of the first term of a pregnancy what type of abnormalities occur? -           Skeletal During the second part of the first term of pregnancy what type of abnormalities occur? -           Neurologic General diagnostic exams deliver a fetal dose less than ___-__ RAD -           1-2 Late effects Malignancy Leukemia Genetic effects -           Stochastic effects Stochastic effects have a ______, _______ Dose- response curve -           Linear, non-threshold Max leakage radiation -           100 Mr/h at 1m As OFD increases -           Resolution Quality Decreases As FFS increases -           Resolution Quality Decreases A proportional increase in SID and OiD -           No change in resolution Higher sampling frequencies -           Aliasing artifacts are more obvious Lower sampling frequencies aliasing artifacts... -           .. are less obvious Moire effect -           Aliasing artifact Occurs when using stationary grids When SID is increased the recorded detail is? -           Increased Best recorded detail when using a ______ SID -           Long There is a _____ relationship between recorded detail and SID -           Direct A image plate front material -           Carbon fiber Interspace materials of a grid -           Alumunium Plastic fiber           Pa axial caldwell The sphenoid sinus is best viewed in the... -           Open mouth waters The maxillary sinuses are best viewed in the .... -           Waters In which view is the dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid process projected through the Foramina Magnum? -           Townes CR spatial frequency/resolution increases as PSP..... -           Crystal size decreases CR spatial frequency/resolution increases as ... -           Matrix size increases In electronic imaging brightness/density changes with changes in... -           Window level In electronic imaging contrast changes with changes in... -           Window width Electronic imaging there is a___dynamic range -           Wide In electronic Imaging there is a greater... -           Exposure latitude In electronic imaging mas and KV do not regulate .... -           density/brightness and contrast In electronic imaging IP's are very... -           Sensitive to fog When a CR artifact appears such as image fading what is the cause? -           Delay in processing When a CR artifacts such as fog appears what is the cause? -           Exposure to scattered radiation When a large field of view is used the image is___and requires___exposure -           Brighter Less When a small field of view is used that image is___bright and requires___exposure -           Less More CR spatial frequency/resolution increases as laser... -           Beam size decreases A grid results in ....... 1 2 3 -           Less scatter fog Fewer gray tones Increase in contrast Beam restriction = -           A decrease in Compton interations Contrast decreases as filtration ____ -           Increases Anatomy/pathology = ________ ______ -           Subject contrast What controls contrast ? -           Atomic number Tissue density Tissue thickness Contrast agents Atomic number effects on contrast -           Increase in atomic number = increase in contrast Tissue density and thickness effects on contrasts -           Increase in tissue density or thickness = decrease in contrast Contrast agents equal a..... -           Increase in contrast Increase in contrast = -           Fewer gray tones Short scale contrast Low KVp Decrease in contrast = -           Many shades of gray Long scale contrast Increase in KVp Controls X-ray beam energy -           Kvp Grids increase ____ -           Contrast Beam restriction increases ____ -           Contrast Protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the cardiac sphincter -           Hiatal Hernia When the Tube is directed 15degrees caudal the petrous pyramids will fill.... -           The bottom 1/3rd of the orbits Where is the most accurate spot to find a pulse? -           apical which is at the apex of the heart Found with a stethoscope Where is the most common place to find a pulse? -           Radial pulse Bradycardia -           Slow heart rate Tachycardia -           Rapid heart rate Chonr- -           Cartilge Thyroid Skin Extremities Occupational Dose Equivalent Limit -           50 Rem 500 mSv 5000 mRem High melting True or false the cathode assembly receives both low and high voltages -           True High scale contrast = -           Short scale contrast CRs use ____ while DRs do not -           IPs The term_____is used to describe how much of the patient is included in the matrix -           FOV What permits the flow of current in only One Direction? -           A rectifier Interaction with low energy photons -           Compton scatter Which is the source of most scattered radiation? -           Patient When is more high energy photons produced? -           High kvp Quality -           Kvp Quantity -           MA 50 rem = _____ msv -           500 The punch/penetrability -           Kvp High mAs ____ number of photons produced -           High ....is unrelated to photon energy ____ mas _____ kVP Keeps radiation dose to a minimum Tube life is extended -           Low mAs high kvp LET -           Linear Energy Transfer The rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to the soft tissue -           LET Leakage radiation is a form of ________ radiation -           Secondary The _________ radiation barrier has a _____ inch lead wall above _____feet. -           Secondary 1/32 7 True or false Secondary barriers should never be struck by the useful beam -           True True or false Primary barriers can be struck by the primary beam -           True Primary protective barriers are ______ feet tall and should have _____inch thick lead -           7 1/16 (1.5mm) The dose to the lens is significantly reduced if a skull is shot ____ -           PA NCRP annual occupational whole-body dose-equivalent limit -           50 mSV 5rem 5000mrem NCRP annual occupational whole-body dose-equivalent limit for a student under the age of 18 -           1mSV 100mrem. 0.1rem NCRP Lens of eye limit -           150 mSV 15 rem NCRP Thyroid, skin and extremities limit -           500 mSV. 50 rem ______ ______ describes the % of time that the primary beam is directed toward a particular wall -           Use Factor Total gestational dose-equivalent limit Embryo/fetus of a pregnant radiographer -           No greater than 0.5 mSV/1 month 5 mSV 500 mrem Hair loss -           Epilation If the line begins at zero, there is ______ ______ -           No threshold Redding of irradiated skin area -           Erythema Number of X-ray exposures made per week -           Workload Immediate Radiation Reading Device -           Pocket Dosimeter/pocket ionization chamber What is the minimum lead amount for the fluoro drape? -           0.25 mmPb